BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHYProvided by the Animal Welfare
Information Center
|
United States
Department of
Agriculture
National
Agricultural
Library
Beltsville,
Maryland
20705
SRB 91-05
Special Reference Briefs
Janice C. Swanson
Animal Welfare Information Center
December 1990
National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:
Swanson, Janice C.
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
(Special reference briefs ; 91-05)
1. Cattle -- Diseases -- Bibliography. I. Title.
aS21.D27S64 no.91-05
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
General and Review Articles ............................. 1
Epidemiology and Diagnoses .............................. 48
Transmission ............................................ 76
Safety and Control ...................................... 83
Toxicity ................................................ 98
Wildlife ................................................101
Genetics ................................................103
Addendum ................................................104
Author Index
INTRODUCTION
The first observation of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is estimated to have occurred in Great Britain in April of 1985. A specific diagnosis was arrived at in 1986. By June of 1990 there were 14,324 confirmed cases out of an estimated population of 10 million cattle in Great Britain (2, 22, 23, 104). Other cases have been reported in Ireland and Oman in 1989 and 1990, respectively (22, 23, 62, 52).
BSE is an afebrile neurological disease that primarily affects mature cattle. Clinical signs include abnormally stilted gaits, high stepping, heightened sensory perception, itching, anorexia, excessive licking, and death. Abnormal motor nerve control coupled with aggressiveness have earned the disease the common name of Mad or Raging Cow Disease. Although all types of cattle are susceptible, most cases have been reported in the Holstein-Fresian breed. The first clinical signs of the disease (onset) has been observed in cattle at an age of 1 year 10 months to 15 years. From onset, the disease course varies from less than 2 weeks to 14 months usually resulting in death or humane destruction within 4 months (2, 9, 20, 22, 23, 31, 37, 69).
The causative agent of BSE is not known, however, histopathological studies and clinical signs indicate a strong resemblance to that of scrapie. Brain extracts of suspect cattle have produced disease specific structures known as scrapie-associated fibrils (SAF). SAF are attributed to infectious type agents called prions. Prions are associated with a unique protein found in brain tissue called prion protein (PrP). Because scrapie has been transmissible via filtrates, the disease agent has been thought to be a virus. However, other characteristics of the disease do not readily fit traditional virus concepts (2, 6, 8, 9, 19, 31, 49, 54).
In 1979 studies were conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to attempt experimental transmission of scrapie to cattle. Approximately 30% of the inoculated cattle developed progressive neurological signs of the disease. Upon initial histological examination scrapie could not be confirmed. However, a more recent examination of the same tissues, coupled with new information, have shown PrP structures to be present (2, 79).
The incubation period for the disease has also been studied. Mice inoculated with BSE brain homogenates develop neurological signs of the disease 300 to 450 days later, therefore, indicating a prolonged incubation period before onset. In cattle the incubation period has been estimated to be from 2 to 8 years. Although the onset of BSE is observed in mature cattle the prolonged incubation period indicates that exposure can and does occur in calfhood. Calves have an estimated 30 times risk of exposure than adults (2, 31, 82).
To date there is no evidence of animal to animal transmission of BSE. BSE is considered a "common source" epidemic, meaning that animals contract the disease from a common element in their environment. Evidence has ruled out sources of the disease such as semen, chemicals, autosomal inheritance, biologics and pharmaceuticals. The primary suspect disease source are diets fed to cattle containing ruminant based meat and bone protein. Scrapie or BSE contaminated carcasses which are rendered for ruminant diets may account for the presence of SAF in the brain homogenates of affected cattle. The feeding of animal protein specifically derived from ruminants was ceased in the United Kingdom as of July, 1988. Results of this control effort by the United Kingdom will not be assessable before 1992 (2, 9, 20, 23, 31, 91, 97).
There have been no reported cases of BSE in the United States. As a preventative measure a prohibition of importation of ruminants from the United Kingdom was implemented in July of 1989. Scrapie and other forms of spongiform encephalopathy are present in the United States, hence, the intense interest in BSE. A transmissible form of spongiform encephalopathy found in ranched mink, transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME), in the United States has been primarily attributed to the feeding of scrapie infected sheep and goat carcasses. However, cattle carcasses (also part of the ranched mink diet) are now a suspect source of TME (2, 3, 4, 83).
The USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Veterinary Services program produces a Programs Alert on BSE (released in 1989) and a quarterly Foreign Animal Disease Report providing up-to-date information on diseases foreign to the United States including BSE. Copies of the Programs Alert and the Foreign Animal Disease Report may be requested from: USDA-APHIS, VS, 6505 Belcrest Drive, Room 741, Hyattsville, MD 20782.
Information contained within this Special Reference brief was derived from the above publications, AGRICOLA and from a variety of other resources. All citations that are present in the collections of the National Agricultural Library (NAL) will have the appropriate NAL call number included. Citations have been organized into categories reflecting the nature of the articles represented in this brief. Categories are: general and review articles; epidemiology and diagnosis; transmission; safety and control; wildlife and ; genetics.
The author wishes to extend her gratitude to Dr. Patrick McCaskey of the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service and Dr. Edwin Pilchard and Vira Milbank of USDA-APHIS Veterinary Services division for their thoughtful review and additions to this document.
GENERAL AND REVIEW ARTICLES
001
"Mad Cow Disease: Uncertainty rules." J. Cherfas Science
249:1492-1493 (September 28, 1990).
NAL call number: 470 SC12
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), review,
issues.
002
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)." Emergency Programs
Alert, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy U.S. Department of
Agriculture - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service,
Veterinary Services, Emergency Programs, Hyattsville, MD. June
1990. 3 pp.
DESCRIPTORS: review, clinical signs, diagnosis, epidemiology,
control, reporting.
003
"Proceedings of an international roundtable on bovine spongiform
encephalopathy: Summary report and recommendations." C. L. Bolis
and C.J. Gibbs Journal of the American Veterinary
Medical Association 196(10):1673 (May 15, 1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 AM3
Descriptors: BSE, issues.
004
"Recommendations for initiation of research studies on bovine
spongiform encephalopathy." C.J. Gibbs, Jr. Journal of the
American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1686-1688(May 15,
1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 AM3
DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, research projects.
005
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United States." R.F.
Marsh. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
196(10):1677(May 15, 1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 AM3
DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, sheep, epidemiology.
006
"Virus-like agent blamed for mad cow disease." J. Cherfas.
Science 247(4942):523(February 2, 1990).
NAL call number: 470 SC12
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), scrapie
agent.
007
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." C. Fear and M. Derakumar
British Medical Journal: Clinical Research Edition
300(6727):817
DESCRIPTORS: electroencephalography, human.
008
"Is BSE simply scrapie in cattle?" (Correspondence) R.M.
Barlow,
D.J. Middleton. Veterinary Record
126(12):295(1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, nervous system diseases, disease
transmission, bovine spongiform encephalopathy.
009
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: The need for knowledge,
balance, patience and action." R. Bradley Journal of Pathology
160:283-285(1990).
DESCRIPTORS: review, research assessment, future action.
010
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Taking stock of the issues."
R.H. Kimberlin Nature 345(6278):763-764 (1990).
NAL call number: 472 N21
DESCRIPTORS: scrapie, nervous system.
011
"Delusional bovine spongiform encephalopathy." S. Lovestone
Lancet 336(8714):565 (1990).
NAL call number: 448.8 L22
DESCRIPTORS: human health, case studies.
012
"Spongiform encephalopathies: Implications of recent
developments. Report of a joint meeting of Sections of
Comparative Medicine, Epidemiology Community Medicine and
Pathology, 15 November 1989." R.E. McKerrell and H. Farmer.
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine.
83(5):334-336(1990).
NAL call number: 448.9 R814
DESCRIPTORS: nervous system diseases, scrapie, cattle diseases,
sheep diseases, man, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).
013
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Correspondence) K.C.
Meldrum. Lancet 335(8692):797(1990).
NAL call number: 448.8 L22
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, heat, international trade, meat.
014
"Scrapie agent in muscle." (Correspondence) I. Pattison.
Veterinary Record 126(3):68(1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: sheep diseases, cattle diseases, muscles, scrapie
agent, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).
015
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy - a new warning." [Bovine
spongiforme encefalopathie (BSE), een hernieuwde oproep.] B.E.C.
Schreuder. Tijdschrift voor Dierjeneeskunde 115(4):175(1990).
DESCRIPTORS: neuro-disease, lentivirinae.
016
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a review." [Bovine
spongieuze encefalopathie (BSE), een overzicht.]
B.E.C. Schreuder and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus Tijdschrift voor
Diergeneeskunde 115(11):507-517(1990).
DESCRIPTORS: neuro-disease, review.
017
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, a review."[Bovine spongieuze
enzephalopathie (BSE).] O.C. Straub Deutsches Tierarzteblatt
38(5):328-330(1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 D484
DESCRIPTORS: cattle, neuro-disease, review.
018
"Link between scrapie and BSE." (Coorespondence) D. Westaway and
S.B. Prusiner Nature 346(6280):113(1990).
NAL call number: 472 N21
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle, sheep,
scrapie, epidemiology.
019
"Prion disease." R.G. Will, H. Diringer, L.R. Bridges, H. Fraser,
J. Hardy, A. Goate and S.C. Araya Lancet 336(8711):369-370
(1990).
NAL call number: 448.8 L22
DESCRIPTORS: creuzfeldt-jacob disease, bovine spongiform
encephalopathy, disease surveillance.
020
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (BVA policy Paper).
Veterinary Record 126(7):170-171(1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: neuro-disease, public health, disease prevention.
021
"BSE in perspective." (Editorial) Lancet
335(8700):1252-1253(1990).
NAL call number: 448.8 L22
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle diseases,
nervous system diseases, public health, cat diseases, meat.
022
Annual Report of the Institute for Animal Health 1989. UK,
Agricultural and Food Research Council. Compton, Newbury and
Berks. RG16 ONN, UK; Institute for Animal Health 1990. 91 pp.
DESCRIPTORS: cattle, swine, sheep, poultry, disease, research,
government funding, scientific survey, United Kingdom.
023
"Minister outlines extent of BSE." (News and Reports) Veterinary
Record 125(24):589(December 1989).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle,
prevalence, United Kingdom.
024
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Abstract) R. Bradley.
Journal of Medical Microbiology 30(2):xii(1989).
NAL call number: QR1 J62
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, central nervous system.
025
"Observations on bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie
(report of a visit to the UK)." M. Cooke. Surveillance
16(4):8-9(1989).
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, sheep, disease incidence, United Kingdom.
026
"The latest information on bovine spongiform encephalopathy." T.
Onodera, E. Momotani and T. Yoshino. Journal of the Japan
Veterinary Medical Association 42(5):303-305(1989).
NAL call number: 41.9 J275
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, review.
027
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Bovine spongiform
encephalopati(BSE)." S.B. Rasmussen.
Dansk Veterinaertidsskrift 72(11):637-640(1989).
DESCRIPTORS: central nervous system, scrapie.
028
"Report of the working party on bovine spongiform
encephalopathy." Sir R. Southwood. Leaflets Unit, PO Box
21, Stanmore, Middlessex HA7 2AY, UK; Department of Health
ii:35 pp(1989).
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, disease history, epidemiology,
transmission, research, United Kingdom.
029
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Potential threat to Belgian
cattle." [Boviene spongiforme encephalopahtie (BSE): een
mogelijke bedreiging voor de Belgische veestapel?] E.
Vanopdenbosch, G. Wellemans and M. Giangaspero. Vlaams
Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 58(3):91(1989).
NAL call number: 41.8 V84
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, transmission, control.
030
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A possible danger for Belgian
cattle?" [L'encephalopathie spongiforme des bovines: un danger
possible pour le cheptel belge?] G. Wellemans, E. Vanopdenbosch
and M. Giangaspero. Annales de Medecine Veterinaire
133(7):623-624(1989).
NAL call number: 41.8 AN78
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, feeds, meat meal, bone meal,
international trade.
031
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." G.A.H. Wells. Veterinary
Annual. 29:59-63(1989).
NAL call number: 41.8 V6456
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, review, scrapie agent, central nervous system.
032
"BSE: Some unanswered questions." S. Wilson. Veterinary Record
125(10):279-280(1989).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, central nervous
system.
033
"Animal health." Northern Ireland Agriculture. 48th Annual
General Report of the Department of Agriculture. Year ended 31
March 1989. UK, Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland,
Belfast, UK; Her Majesty's Stationery office. 95-101(1989).
DESCRIPTORS: cattle disease, sheep disease, bovine spongiform
encephalopathy (BSE), Johne's disease, pulmonary adenomatosis,
bovine tuberculosis, Brucellosis, vaccines, import control,
disease occurrence.
034
Annual Report of the Institute for Animal Health 1988. UK,
Agricultural and Food Research Council. Compton, Newbury and
Berks. RG16 ONN, UK; Institute for Animal Health 1989. 77 pp.
DESCRIPTORS: cattle disease, research, government funding,
scientific survey, United Kingdom.
035
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (B.S.E.): A new disease?"
P.J.N. Pinsent. The Bovine Practitioner 23:97-98(November 1988).
NAL call number: SF779.5.A1B6.
DESCRIPTORS: pathology, central nervous system.
036
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." A.H. Andrews. Veterinary
Record 122(23):566-567(June 4, 1988).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, disease prevalence.
037
"Disease update: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (News and
Reports) Veterinary Record 122(20):477-478(May 14, 1988).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, review.
038
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Time to take scrapie
seriously." K.L. Morgan. Veterinary Record
122(18):445-446(April 30, 1988).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, etiology, sheep, goats, deer, feeds, offal.
039
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." G.A.H. Wells. Foreign
Animal Disease Report - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary
Services, Emergency Programs 16(4):97-98(Winter 1988).
NAL call number: aSF601.U5
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, livestock, disease, statistics.
040
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Correspondence). M.P.
Cranwell, R.D. Hancock, J.R. Hindson, S.A. Hall, N.J. Daniel,
A.R. Hopkins, B. Wonnacott, M. Vivian, P. Hunt. Veterinary
Record 122(8):190(1988).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, clinical signs, behavior.
041
"Scrapie in dairy sheep and cattle." H. Fraser. Sheep Dairy
News 5(3):45(1988).
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE),
neuro-disease.
042
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a brief review."
M.C. Horzinek. Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde
113(21):1200(1988).
DESCRIPTORS: research review.
043
"Mad cows and ministers lose their heads. (Bovine spongiform
encephalopathy.)" S. Pain. New Scientist 119(1625):27-28(1988).
NAL call number:472 N42
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, etiology, epidemiology, scrapie, cattle,
neuro-disease.
044
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A new slow virus disease?"
[Encephalopathie spongiforme bovine: une nouvelle maladie a
veruis lents?] M. Savey and A.L. Parodi. Point Veterinaire
20(113):79-80(1988).
NAL call number: SF 602 P6
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, neuro-disease, etiology.
045
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Correspondence). J.W.
Wilesmith. Veterinary Record 122(25):614(1988).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, commentary.
046
"Veterinary aspects of beef production. Government health scheme
for cattle." Beef Yearbook 1988 - Meat and Livestock Commission
Bletchley (UK): Meat and Livestock Commission, 1988, p. 99-104.
NAL call number: HD9433 G7B4
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), bovine
oncoviros, IBR, IPV, virus, leukosis, leptospirosis, United
Kingdom.
047
Animal Health 1987. Report of the Chief Veterinary Officer. UK,
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London, SW8 5DT, UK;
HMSO Publications Centre, 1988. 52pp.
DESCRIPTORS: disease prevalence, cattle, swine, wildlife,
anthrax, swine fever, paramyxoviros, enzootic bovine leukosis,
sheep scab, Aujeszky's disease, brucellosis, tuberculosis,
mycobacterian bovis, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DIAGNOSES
048
"Detection of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United
Kingdom." R.H. Kimberlin. Journal of the American Veterinary
Medical Association 196(10):1675-1676(May 15, 1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 AM3
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, diagnosis.
049
"Ultrastructural neuropathologic features of bovine spongiform
encephalopathy." P.P. Liberski. Journal of the American
Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1682(May 15, 1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 AM3
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, histopathology.
050
"Epidemiology and current status of bovine spongiform
encephalopathy in the United Kingdom." J.W. Wilesmith. Journal
of the American Veterinary Medical Association
196(10):1674-1675(May 15, 1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 AM3
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, epidemiology.
051
"Cerebrospinal fluid studies in normal cows and cases of bovine
spongiform encephalopathy." P.R. Scott, B.M. Aldridge, M. Clarke
and R.G. Will. Veterinary Studies 146(1):88-90(January/February
1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 V643
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, immunological response, diagnosis.
052
"BSE in Oman." (Correspondence) D.J.P. Carolan. Veterinary
Record 126(4):92(1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle, case
study.
053
"Scrapie agent in muscle." (Correspondence) I. Pattison.
Veterinary Record 126(4):92(1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), scrapie,
cattle, sheep.
054
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Detection and quantitation of
fibrils, fibril protein (PrP) and vacuolation in the brain."
A.C. Scott, G.A.H. Wells, M.J.Stack, H. White and M. Dawson.
Veterinary Microbiology 23(1-4):295-304(1990).
NAL call number: SF601 V44
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, pathology.
055
"Incidence of BSE." (Coorespondence) K.C. Taylor
Veterinary Record 126(20):513(1990)
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle,
prevalence.
056
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in a cow in the United
Kingdom." P.R. Scott, B.M. Aldridge, M. Clarke and R. Will.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
195(12):1745-1747(December 15, 1989).
NAL call number: 41.8 AM3
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, case study, pathology.
057
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Diagnostic significance of
vacuolar changes in selected nuclei of the medulla oblongata."
G.A.H. Wells, R.D. Hancock, W.A. Cooley, M.S. Richards, R.J.
Higgins and G.P. David. Veterinary Record
125(21):521-524(November 18, 1989).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, pathology, histopathological diagnosis.
058
"Post-mortem immunodiagnosis of scrapie and bovine spongiform
encephalopathy." C.F. Farquhar, R.A. Somerville and L.A.
Ritchie. Journal of Virological Methods
24(1/2):215-222(April/May 1989).
NAL call number: QR355.J6
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, antisera, testing, infection.
059
"Observations on abnormal brain fibril detection in scrapie and
bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)." (Abstract) A.C. Scott,
G.A.H. Wells, M. Stack and M. Dawson. First Congress, European
Society for Veterinary Virology, Liege, Belgium, 6-7 April, 1989.
DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, pathology.
060
"Immunoblotting and lectin binding studies of fibril protein from
natural scrapie and BSE." (Abstract) H. White and M. Dawson.
First Congress, European Society for Veterinary Virology, Liege,
Belgium, 6-7 April, 1989.
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, scrapie.
061
"Occurrence of 14 cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in a
closed dairy herd." M.H. Winter, B.M. Aldridge, P.R. Scott and
M. Clarke. British Veterinary Journal 145(2):191-194(March/April
1989).
NAL call number: 41.8 V643
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, diagnosis, histology, etiology.
062
"Case of BSE in the Irish Republic." (Correspondence) H. Basset
and C. Sheridan. Veterinary Record. 124(6):151(1989).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, case report,
histology, diagnosis.
063
"Suspected case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (final
diagnosis: Hepatic encephalopathy)." A.F. Julian and D.J.
Moore. Surveillance (Wellington) 16(4):6(1989).
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, pathology, histology, liver disease.
064
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Scrapie, TME,
transmissible mink encephalopathy." [Bovine Spongiform
Encephalopati (BSE).] S.B. Rasmussen.
Dansk Veterinaertidsskrift 72(11):637-640(1989).
NAL call number: 41.9 D23
DESCRIPTORS: clinical signs, epidemiology, diagnosis, disease
control, zoonoses.
065
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Diagnostic significance of
vacuolar changes in selected nuclei of the medulla oblongata."
G.A.H. Wells, R.D. Hancock, W.A. Cooley, M.S. Richards, R.J.
Higgins and G.P. David. Veterinary Record 125(21):521-524(1989).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, diagnosis, histology, brain.
066
"The distribution pattern of neuronal vacuolation in bovine
spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is constant." (Abstract)
G.A.H. Wells and J.W. Wilesmith. Neuropathology and Applied
Neurobiology 15(6):519(1989).
DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, histopathology, nervous system.
067
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Epidemiological studies."
J.W. Wilesmsith, G.A.H. Wells, M.P. Cranwell and J.B.M. Ryan.
Veterinary Record 123(25):638-644(December 17, 1988).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, history, diagnosis, genetics, etiology, scrapie
agent.
068
"Fibrils from brains of cows with new cattle disease contain
scrapie-associated protein." J. Hope, L.J.D. Reekie, N. Hunter,
G. Multhaup, K. Beyreuther, H. White, A.C. Scott, M.J. Stack, M.
Dawson and G.A.H. Wells. Nature 336(6197):390-392(November 24,
1988).
NAL call number: 472 N21
DESCRIPTORS: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), cattle,
neuro-disease, pathogenesis
069
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in an adult British Friesian
cow." P.R. Scott, B.M. Aldridge, L.A. Holmes, E.M. Milne and
D.M. Collins. Veterinary Record 123(16):373-374(October 1,
1988).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, case report, pathology, central nervous system,
clinical signs.
070
"Elevated plasma glucose concentration in a case of bovine
spongiform encephalopathy." (Correspondence.) B.M. Aldridge,
P.R. Scott, L.A. Holmes, E.M. Milne and D.F. Collins. Veterinary
Record 122(3):71-72(1988).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, case report, blood glucose, encephalitis.
071
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Bull. Correspondence.)
J.S. Gilmour, D. Buxton, N.S.M. Macleod, T.A. Brodie, J.B. More.
Veterinary Record 122(6):142-143(1988).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, case report, encephalitis.
072
"BSE: Not a self evident diagnosis." (Correspondence). A.R.
Hopkins. Veterinary Record 122(26):639(1988).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle,
lentivirinae.
073
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Blood chemistry.
Correspondence.) C.T. Johnson and C.J. Whitaker. Veterinary
Record 122(6):142(1988).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, hematological analysis.
074
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Correspondence.) P.N.
Pulford. Veterinary Record 122(8):190(1988).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, artificial insemination.
075
"A novel progressive spongiform encephalopathy in cattle."
G.A.H. Wells, A.C. Scott, C.T. Johnson, R.F. Gunning, R.D.
Hancock, M. Jeffrey, M. Dawson and R. Bradley. Veterinary Record
121(18):419-420(1987).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, case report, clinical signs, histopathology,
scrapie.
TRANSMISSION
076
"Dietary transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to
mice." R.M. Barlow and D.J. Middleton. Veterinary Record
126(5):111-112(February 3, 1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, central nervous system, histology.
077
"Preliminary evidence of the experimental transmissibility of
bovine spongiform encephalopathy to cattle." M. Dawson,
G.A.H. Wells and B.N.J. Parker. Veterinary Record
126(5):112-113(February 3, 1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, histology, neuro-disease, transmission.
078
"BSE. New fears on transmission." P. Aldhous. Nature (London)
345(6273):280(1990).
NAL call number: 472 N21
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, neuro- disease,
scrapie agent, meat.
079
"Experimental transmission of scrapie to cattle." C.J. Gibbs,
Jr., J. Sofar, M. Ceroni, A. di Martino, W.W. Clark, J.L.
Hourrigan. Lancet 335(8700):1275(1990).
NAL call number: 448.8 L22
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE),
neuro-disease, brain, proteins, scrapie agent, experimental
infection.
080
"Transmission of encephalopathies." (Coorespondence) P.H. Gibson
Veterinary Record 126(10):248(1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), cattle,
scrapie, epidemiology.
081
"Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie to
mice." (Abstract) H. Fraser, I. McConnell and G.A.H. Wells.
Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 15(6):590(1989).
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, experimental transmission, neuropathology,
central nervous system, inbred mice.
082
"Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to mice." H.
Fraser, I. McConnell, G.A.H. Wells and M. Dawson. Veterinary
Record 123(18):472(October 29, 1988).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, mouse scrapie, neuropathology.
SAFETY AND CONTROL
083
"Recommendations concerning the risk of bovine spongiform
encephalopathy in the United States." D.M. Asher
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
196(10):1687 (May 15, 1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 AM3
DESCRIPTORS: human health, cattle feed, bone meal, future
research.
084
"Caesarean sections on BSE cows." (Correspondence) R.G. Eddy.
Veterinary Record 126(4):92(1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, birth.
085
"More on the control of bovine spongiform encephalopathy."
(Coorespondence) K.W.F. Jericho Canadian Veterinary
Journal 31(4):252(1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 R3224
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, disease control.
086
"Scrapie and human neurodengenerative diseases."
(Correspondence) P.K. Lewis. Canadian Medical Association
Journal 142(9):928(1990).
DESCRIPTORS: man, prions, zoonoses, bovine spongiform
encephalopathy (BSE), nervous system diseases.
087
"More on the control of bovine spongiform encephalopathy."
(Coorespondence) P.B. Little and J. Thorsen.
Canadian Veterinary Journal 31(4):252-253(1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 R3224
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, feeding, disease control.
088
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy. The safety of beef has not
yet been tested and may not be testable." (Editorial) W.B.
Matthews. British Medical Journal. 300(6722):412-413(1990).
NAL call number: 448.8 B77
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, neuro-disease, creutzfeldt-jakob disease,
meat.
089
"Animal production and public health." J.P. Samaille. Action
Veterinaire (No. 1121-1122):3-4(1990).
NAL call number: SF602 A25
DESCRIPTORS: milk hygiene, salmonella, bovine spongiform
encephalopathy (BSE), listeria, zoonoses
090
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and human health." D.M. Taylor
Veterinary Record 125(16):413-415(October 14, 1989). NAL call
number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, epidemiology, pathology, transmission,
zoonoses.
091
"Scrapie agent decontamination: Implications for bovine
spongiform encephalopathy." D.M. Taylor. Veterinary Record
124(12):291-292(March 25, 1989).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641.
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, disease control, feed contamination, rendering.
092
"Current animal events concerning human health." K.N. Burns.
Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England
150:90-100(1989).
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE),
salmonellosis, listeria, scrapie, somatotropin, legislation,
human health, zoonoses.
093
"Update on spongiform encephalopathies of animals and proposals
for their prevention. Attulalita sulle encefalopatie spongiformi
degli animali e proposte di intervento." F. Guarda and F.
Valenza. Nuovo Progresso Veterinario 44(10):363-366,368(1989).
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), cattle,
sheep, scrapie, control, review.
094
"BSE safety precautions." (Caesarean section. Correspondence).
C.A. Madeiros. Veterinary Record 125(3):73(1989).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, birth, central
nervous system.
095
"BSE safety precautions." (Caesarean section. Correspondence).
K.D. Meldrum. Veterinary Record 125(3):73-74(1989).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, birth, central
nervous system.
096
"Options for the control of scrapie in sheep and its counterpart
in cattle." A.G. Dickinson and D.M. Taylor. Proceedings, 3rd
World Congress on Sheep and Beef Cattle Breeding, 19-23 June
1988, Paris. Volume 1:553-564.
NAL call number: SF 371.2 W67 1988
DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), disease
resistance, genetics.
097
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Meat inspection)
(Correspondence.) J.F. Gracey. Veterinary Record
123(6):163(1988).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, meat products, rendering, cattle, zoonoses.
TOXICITY
098
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Possible toxicity link?"
(Human hexachlorophene poisoning. Correspondence). C.B.
Boothby. Veterinary Record 122(4):95(1988).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, etiology, hexachlorophene.
099
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Hexachlorophane toxicity.
Correspondence.) E.J. Jack. Veterinary Record 122(6):142(1988).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, encephalitis, etiology.
100
"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Hexachlorophane toxicity.
Correspondence.) G.A.H. Wells and J.W. Wilesmith. Veterinary
Record 122(6):142(1988).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, etiology.
WILDLIFE
101
"Antelopes die of "mad cow" disease". P. Aldhous. Nature
344(6263):183(1990).
NAL call number: 472 N21
DESCRIPTORS: neuro-diseases, zoo animals, bovine spongiform
encephalopathy (BSE).
102
"Spongiform encephalopathy in an eland." (Correspondence) A.J.
Fleetwood and C.W. Furley. Veterinary Record
126(16):408-409(1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, zoo animals, case reports,
neuro-disease, tragelaphus oryx, spongiform encephalopathy,
antelopes, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), United
Kingdom.
GENETICS
103
"A study of the inheritance of susceptibility to bovine
spongiform encephalopathy." W.V.S. Wijeratne and R.N. Curnow.
Veterinary Record 126(1):5-8(January 6, 1990).
NAL call number: 41.8 V641
DESCRIPTORS: BSE, heritability, scrapie agent, resistance.
ADDENDUM
104
"Foreign animal disease update." P. Fernandez Foreign Animal
Disease Report U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Emergency
Programs 18(4):4 (in press 11/27/90).
DESCRIPTORS: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), update.
AUTHOR INDEX
Aldhous, P. 78, 101
Aldridge, B.M. 51, 56, 61, 69
Andrews, A.H. 36
Araya, S.C. 19
Asher, D.M. 83
Barlow, R.M. 8, 76
Basset, H. 62
Beyreuther, K. 68
Bolis, C.L. 3
Boothby, C.B. 98
Bradley, R. 9, 24, 75
Bridges, L.R. 19
Brodie, T.A. 71
Burns, K.N. 92
Buxton, D. 71
BVA, 20
Carolan, D.J.P. 52
Ceroni, M. 79
Cherfas, J. 1, 6
Clark, W.W. 79
Clarke, M. 51, 56, 61
Collins, D.M. 69, 70
Cooke, M. 25
Cooley, W.A. 57, 65
Cranwell, M.P. 40, 67
Daniel, N.J. 40
David, G.P. 57, 65
Dawson, M. 54, 59, 60, 68, 75, 77, 82
Derakumar, M. 7
Dickinson, A.G. 96
diMartino, A. 79
Diringer, H. 19
Eddy, R.G. 84
Editorials, 21
Farmer, H. 12
Farquhar, C.F. 58
Fear, C. 7
Fleetwood, A.J. 102
Fraser, H. 19, 41, 81, 82
Furley, C.W. 102
Giangaspero, M. 29, 30
Gibbs, C.J. 3
Gibbs, Jr., C.J. 4, 79
Gibson, P.H. 80
Gilmour, J.S. 71
Goate, A. 19
Gracey, J.F. 97
Guarda, F. 93
Hall, S.A. 40
Hancock, R.D. 40, 57, 75
Hardy, J. 19
Higgins, R.J. 57, 65
Hindson, J.R. 40
Holmes, L.A. 69, 70
Hope, J. 68
Hopkins, A.R. 40, 72
Horzinek, M.C. 42
Hourrigan, J.L. 79
Hunt, P. 40
Hunter, N. 68
Jack, E.J. 99
Jeffrey, M. 75
Jericho, K.W.F. 85
Johnson, C.T. 73, 75
Julian, A.F. 63
Kimberlin, R.H. 10, 48
Lewis, P.K. 86
Liberski, P.P. 49
Little, P.B. 87
Lovestone, S. 11
MacLeod, N.S.M. 71
Madeiros, C.A. 94
Marsh, R.F. 5
Matthews, W.B. 88
McConnell, I. 81, 82
Mckerrell, R.E. 12
Meat and Livestock Commission (UK) 46
Meldrum, K.C. 13
Meldrum, K.D. 95
Middleton, D.J. 8, 76
Milne, E.M. 69, 70
Momotani, E. 26
Moore, D.J. 63
More, J.B. 71
Morgan, K.L. 38
Multhaup, G. 68
Onodera, T. 26
Osterhaus, A.D.M.E. 16
Pain, S. 43
Parker, B.N.J. 77
Parodi, A.L. 44
Pattison, I. 14, 53
Pinsent, P.J.N. 35
Prusiner, S.B. 18
Pulford, P.N. 74
Rasmussen, S.B. 27, 64
Reekie, L.J.D. 68
Richards, M.S. 57, 65
Ritchie, L.A. 58
Ryan, J.B.M. 67
Samaille, J.P. 89
Savey, M. 44
Schreuder, B.E.C. 15, 16
Scott, A.C. 54, 59, 68, 75
Scott, P.R. 51, 56, 61, 69, 70
Sheridan, C. 62
Sofar, J. 79
Somerville, R.A. 58
Southwood, Sir R. 28
Stack, M. 59
Stack, M.J. 54, 68
Straub, O.C. 17
Taylor, D.M. 90, 91, 96
Taylor, K.C. 55
Thorsen, J. 87
UK Agricultural and Food Research Council 22, 34
UK Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland 33
UK Ministry of Agrc. Fisheries and Food 47
USDA-APHIS 2, 39
Valenza, F. 93
Vanopdenbosch, E. 29, 30
Vivian, M. 40
Wellemans, G. 29, 30
Wells, G.A.H. 31, 39, 54, 57, 59, 65, 66, 67, 68, 75, 77, 81, 82, 100
Westaway, D. 18
Whitaker, C.J. 73
White, H. 54, 60, 68
Wijeratne, W.V.S. 103
Wilesmith, J.W. 45, 50, 66, 67, 100
Will, R. 56
Will, R.G. 19, 51
Wilson, S. 32
Winter, M.H. 61
Wonnacott, B. 40
Yoshino, T. 26
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