INFORMATION RESOURCES FOR REPTILES, AMPHIBIANS, FISH, AND CEPHALOPODS USED IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library Animal Welfare Information Center December 1992 INFORMATION RESOURCES FOR REPTILES, AMPHIBIANS, FISH, AND CEPHALOPODS USED IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH D'Anna J. Berry, Michael D. Kreger, Jennifer L. Lyons-Carter United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library Animal Welfare Information Center 10301 Baltimore Boulevard Beltsville, Maryland 20705 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 GENERAL REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 REPTILES REPTILES AS BIOMEDICAL MODELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 REPTILE CARE AND USE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 AMPHIBIANS AMPHIBIANS AS BIOMEDICAL MODELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 AMPHIBIAN CARE AND USE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 GENERAL FISH AND CEPHALOPODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 FISH FISH AS BIOMEDICAL MODELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 FISH CARE AND USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 CEPHALOPODS CEPHALOPODS AS BIOMEDICAL MODELS. . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 CEPHALOPOD CARE AND USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 AUTHOR LISTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 INFORMATION RESOURCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 INTRODUCTION Rodents, non-human primates, dogs, cats, and farm animals have long been the preferred animal models in biomedical research. Their behavioral repertoire and physiological responses to stimuli are more similar to human systems than are lower organisms. However, as reptiles, amphibians, fish, and cephalopods become better understood in the field and laboratory, their advantages as alternative animal models are being revealed. While there are about 4,000 known species of mammals, there are over 4,000 species of amphibians, 6,000 species of reptiles, and more than 20,000 species of fish. Such diversity allows for a wide range of research on specific organs, tissues, and systems that are similar in function, but often less complex than in mammals. Squid, for example, are frequently used as models for conduction of nerve impulses and sodium and potassium movement due to the large size and simplicity of the axon and nerve cells. Their enlarged nerve cells also make the common squid ideal for testing the effects of anesthetics, insecticides, and environmental toxins. Due to differential rates of ova maturation and numbers of gametes produced, elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, rays) are used to study fetal nutrition and toxicology as well as gametogenesis. In the octopus, known for its well-developed central nervous system, a learning and memory center has been identified which makes it useful for studies in motivation, learning, and memory. The monkfish is an important insulin resource for researchers since it contains 20 to 40 times more insulin-producing tissue than the laboratory rat. Reptiles and amphibians contribute to studies in genetics, embryology, developmental biology, ethology, endocrinology, and immunology. Salamanders and newts are models for limb regeneration. Fetal heart cells of the axolotl (Mexican salamander) will divide and beat in vitro. Frogs have played a major role in the development of communication theory. The common anole lizard is used in behavioral studies and can be induced to produce the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Typical reptile and amphibian studies include aggression, stress physiology, reproductive cycles and dysfunction, and the effects of neurotoxins. In contrast to mammals and birds which are endothermic (their body temperature is regulated and maintained internally), reptiles, amphibians, fish, and cephalopods are ectothermic with body temperature primarily regulated by ambient temperatures. Since metabolism is driven by body temperature, the rate of normal body functions in these species may be artificially increased or decreased. Thus endocrine, immunological, inflammation, cell physiology, and many other pathways can be easily manipulated. A major concern to those who might use these species is the necessity of providing a suitable laboratory environment. Unlike mammals and birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and cephalopods require very specific microenvironments. For reptiles and amphibians, basking sites, water source and water temperature, relative humidity, photoperiod and type of lighting, ambient temperature, group density, cover, method of food preparation and presentation are all factors that influence whether or not the animals will function normally in the laboratory. Fish and cephalopods live in a totally aqueous environment. Type of water (fresh, salt, brackish), pH, salinity, school density, cover, dissolved oxygen, lighting, and filtration are necessary considerations that require monitoring. The animal's needs are often species- specific and failure to meet them results in stress-induced diseases, low growth rate, poor feed efficiency, cannibalism, and failure to reproduce. Information Resources for Reptiles, Amphibians, Fish, and Cephalopods Used in Biomedical Research is an attempt to collect in a single volume much of the current information regarding the care and use of these alternative animal models. It is intended only as an introduction to these species as comprehensive coverage would fill several volumes. The authors have selected sample articles that typify recent research. Each animal group has a section of articles and books pertaining to its use in biomedical research followed by a section on its care and use. The latter section highlights not only husbandry and maintenance of particular species, but also regulations, guidelines, and veterinary aspects such as appropriate anesthesia or euthanasia. Because several citations cross phyla, general sections are provided. A final section provides information resources with names and addresses of organizations and their publications that can provide further information. If the citation can be found at the National Agricultural Library (NAL), its call number is given. Finally, the authors wish to acknowledge the valuable assistance of Dr. Donald Apt, Laboratory for Marine Animal Health, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, John Forsythe, M.S., Division of Biology and Marine Resources, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, and Dr. Harvey Pough, Section of Ecology and Systematics, Cornell University for their expert reviews and suggestions for this publication. GENERAL 1Alternatives to the use of mammals for pain research. Stevens, C.W. Life Science 50(13):901-912 (1992). NAL call number: 442.8 L62 Descriptors: pharmacology, physiology, biochemistry, ethics, lower vertebrates. 2The Care and Use of Amphibians, Reptiles, and Fish in Research Schaeffer, D.O.; Kleinow, K.M. and Krulisch, L. (eds.), Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, Bethesda, MD; 1992, 204 pp. Descriptors: anastheisa, euthanasia, husbandry, nutrition, behavior, disease, medicine. 3Live Animal Regulations International Air Transport Association, Montreal-Geneva, 19th edition; 1992, 240 pp. Descriptors: fish, reptiles, amphibians, container requirements, feeding requirements, and documents. 4Recognition and Alleviation of Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals Institute of Laboratory Animal Research, National Academy Press, Washington, DC; 1992, 137 pp. NAL call number: SF996.5 R43 Descriptors: euthanasia, anesthesia, recommendations, animal welfare, hypothermia. 5Activity-dependent plasticity in the visual systems of frogs and fish. Cline, H.T. Trends in Neurosciences 14(3):104-111 (1991). NAL call number: RC321 T74 Descriptors: model, selective synapse, neurophysiology. 6Atlas of Abnormalities. A Guide for Performance of Fetax Bantle, J.A.; Dumont, J.N.; Finch, R.A. and Linder, G. American Society for Testing and Materials, 1991. NAL call number: IPM920313742 7The care and use of amphibians, reptiles and fish in research. (Special conference report, part 1) Guttman, H.N. SCAW Newsletter 13(2):5-7 (1991). NAL call number: QL55 N48 Descriptors: IACUC, husbandry, guidelines. 8The care and use of amphibians, reptiles and fish in research. (Special conference report, part 2) Guttman, H.N. SCAW Newsletter 13(3):10-11 (1991). NAL call number: QL55 N48 Descriptors: handling, nutrition, health. 9Energy requirements for maintenance and growth of wild mammals, birds and reptiles in captivity. Kirkwood, J.K. Journal of Nutrition 121(11):S29-S34 (1991). NAL call number: 389.8 J82 Descriptors: nutrition, diet, metabolism, development. 10Learning and Memory: A Biological View Martinez, J.L. and Kesner, R.P. (eds.), Academic Press, San Diego, CA; 1991, 563 pp. Descriptors: brain-behavior relations, anatomy, pharmacology, lesions, electrophysiology, invertebrates, vertebrates. 11National Institute on Aging, NIH, workshop on alternative animal models for research on aging. Anonymous. Experimental Gerontology 26(5):411-439 (1991). NAL call number: QP86 E85 Descriptors: human aging, birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, invertebrates, cost analysis. 12An overview of animal cancer registries in the United States and suggestions for improved applications. Monsein, D.L. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian Princeton Jct., NJ; 13(7):1139-1146 (1991). NAL call number: SF601 C66 Descriptors: fish, amphibians, reptiles, collection, storage, interpretation of data, data collecting, computerization. 13The Experimental Animal in Biomedical Research, Vol. I: A Survey of Scientific and Ethical Issues for Investigators Rollin, B.E. and Kesel, M.L. (eds.), CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL; 1990, 452 pp. NAL call number: R853 A53E86 1990 Descriptors: philosophy, pain, animal models, cognition. 14Production of Aquatic Animals: Crustaceans, Molluscs, Amphibians, and Reptiles Nash, C.E. (ed.), Elsevier Science Publishing Co., New York, NY; 1991, 244 pp. NAL call number: SH370 P76 1990 Descriptors: herpetoculture, aquaculture, shell fish culture. 15Model Patients: Among the inhabitants of the animal world are some that hold the cures for many human afflictions. McCourt, R. Discover August 1990, pp. 36-41. NAL call number: Q1 D57 Descriptors: fish, models cell culture, diabetes, amphibians, embryonic heart cell, biochemistry. 16The relief of pain in cold-blooded vertebrates. Arena, P.C. and Richardson, K.C. ACCART News Australian Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching 3(1):1-4 (1990). NAL call number: SF405.5 A3 Descriptors: ectotherms, fish, amphibians, reptiles. 17The choice of nonmammalian models in biomedical studies. Kleinzeller, A. In: Nonmammalian Animal Models for Biomedical Research Woodhead, A.D. (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; 1989, pp. 1-9. NAL call number: QL55 N66 Descriptors: osmoregulation, electrolytes, absorption, secretion, urine concentration, Krogh Principle. 18Ethical and regulatory considerations in the use of cold-blooded vertebrates in biomedical research. Dresser, R. In: Nonmammalian Animal Models for Biomedical Research Woodhead, A.D. (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; 1989, pp. 369-376. NAL call number: QL55 N66 Descriptors: Federal law, policy, ethics, issues, care and use. 19Humane methods of killing fish, amphibians and birds. Zwart, P.; De Vries, H.R. and Cooper, J.E. Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde 114(10):557-565 (1989). NAL call number: 41.8 T431 Descriptors: euthanasia, Netherlands. 20A molecular, evolutionary perspective of nonmammalian models in biological research. Bitensky, M.W. In: Nonmammalian Animal Models for Biomedical Research Woodhead, A.D. (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; 1989, pp. 353-367. NAL call number: QL55 N66 Descriptors: genes, conservative habit, parsimonious habit, extinctions, utility, metabolism, cloning, cell-adhesion, signal transduction, external awareness. 21Use of ivermectin in laboratory and exotic mammals and in birds, fish, and reptiles. Soll, M.D. In: Ivermectin and Abamectin Campbell, W.E. (ed.), Springer-Verlag, New York, NY; 1989, pp. 260-286. NAL call number: SF918 I83I83 Descriptors: snakes, chelonians, copepoda, nematodes, dose, toxicity. 22Viruses of Lower Vertebrates Ahne, W. and Kurstak, E. (eds.), Springer-Verlag, New York, NY; 1989, 518 pp. NAL call number: QR321 V57 Descriptors: virology, symposium, herpetology, ichthyology. 23Field Research Guidelines Orlans, F.B. (ed.), Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, Bethesda, MD; 1988, 23 pp. NAL call number: HV4704 F5 Descriptors: manipulation, observation, marking. 24The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory Animals Poole, T.B. Bath Press, Avon, Great Britain, 1987, pp. 753- 783. NAL call number: QL55.U5 1987 Descriptors: reptiles, amphibia, fish, environment, anesthesia, analgesia, euthanasia, housing. 25Models for Biomedical Research: A New Perspective Moroitz, H.J. National Academy Press, Washington, DC; 1985, 180 pp. NAL call number: R857 M3M9 Descriptors: in vitro, nonmammalian vertebrates, invertebrates, models, immunology, learning, disease and aging, development. 26Comparative studies on the role of calcium in triggering subcellular damage in cardiac muscle. Rudge, M.F. and Duncan, C.J. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A: Comparative Physiology 77(3):459-468 (1984). NAL call number: QP1 C6 Descriptors: caffeine, toxicity, nonmammalian model. 27Intra-renal renin angiotensin system in primitive vertebrates. Nishimura, H. and Bailey, J.R. Kidney International 27(12):S185-S192 (1981). NAL call number: RC902 A1K53 Descriptors: kidney, ion regulation, polypeptide. 28Appendix VIII to XVI. Canadian Council on Animal Care. Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa, Ontario; 1980, Vol. 1, pp. 95-103. NAL call number: SF406 C36 Descriptors: bleeding sites, tranquilizers, anesthetics, antimicrobial, euthanasia, dosage. 29Animals for Research: A Directory of Sources Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC; 10th edition, 1979, 141 pp. NAL call number: SF77 S86 Descriptors: wild caught versus captive bred, suppliers, biological materials, availability, sources. 30Diseases of lower vertebrates and biomedical research. Cooper, J.E. Laboratory Animals 11(2):119-123 (1977). NAL call number: QL55 A1L3 Descriptors: pathology, propagation, anatomy. 31Recent advances in biotelemetry and their applications to measurements of pressure and electrical changes in the oviduct in vivo. Mackay, R.S. Biotelemetry 1(1):60-64 (1974). NAL call number: QH324.9 B5B5 Descriptors: models, methods, ultrasonics. GENERAL REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS 32Environmental Physiology of the Amphibia Feder, M.E. and Burggren, W.A. (eds.), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL; 1992. Descriptors: anatomy, endocrinology, neurology, immunology. 33Recommendations for the care of amphibians and reptiles in academic institutions. Pough, F.H. ILAR News National Academy Press, Washington, DC; 33(4):S1-S21 (1991). NAL call number: QL55 A1I43 Descriptors: health, marking, care, lighting, temperature, vivarium design. 34Anesthesia of amphibians and reptiles. Bush, M. In: Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of 1990 Forum American College of Lab Animal Medicine, Hershey, PA; 1990, 3 pp. NAL call number: IPM920511972 Descriptors: inhalants, injections, methods. 35Euthanasia of Amphibians and Reptiles: Report of a Joint UFAW/WSPA Working Party Cooper, J.E.; Ewbank, R.; Platt, C. and Warwick, C. Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, Potters Bar, Herts, UK; 1989, 35 pp. NAL call number: HV4731 E97 Descriptors: concussion, shooting, electrocution, decapitation. 36Herpetological Husbandry for the Naturalist Demeter, B. Herpetology Department, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC; 1989. Descriptors: housing, care, maintenance, disease, general biology. 37Guidelines for reptiles and amphibians. Pisani, G. In: Field Research Guidelines: Impact on Animal Care and Use Committees Orlans, F.B. (ed.), Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, Bethesda, MD; 1988, p. 8. NAL call number: HV4704 F5 Descriptors: manipulation, rain, field research, marking. 38Guidelines for Use of Live Amphibians and Reptiles in Field Research American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH); the Herpetologists' League (HL) and Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Lawrence, KS; 1987, 14 pp. NAL call number: QL641 G84 1987 Descriptors: restraint, handling, marking, maintenance. 39The Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians Halliday, T.R. Facts on File, New York, NY; 1986, 143 pp. NAL call number: IPM920529111 Descriptors: models, care and use, taxonomy, physiology, natural history. 40A Review of Marking Techniques for Amphibians and Reptiles Ferner, J.W. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Miscellaneous Pubs., Herpetological Circular No. 9, 1979. NAL call number: QL60.5 F4 Descriptors: identification, methodology. 41Keeping Reptiles and Amphibians Leutscher, A. Scribner Publishing, New York, NY; 1976, 164 pp. NAL call number: SF459 R4L48 Descriptors: herpetology, maintenance, pets, light, feeding, health. 42Resources in Herpetology. Wake, D.B. Copeia 1975:391. (ISSN 0045- 8511) 43Chemical Zoology. Florkin, M. and Scheer, B.T. (eds.), In: Amphibia and Reptilia Academic Press, New York, NY; Vol. 9, 1974. NAL call number: QL362 F5 Descriptors: thermoregulation, sodium and water balance, seasonal influences. 44Physiology of the Amphibia Lofts, B. (ed.), Academic Press, New York, NY; Vol. 2, 1974. Descriptors: anatomy, endocrinology, neurology, immunology. 45State Laws Regulating the Collecting of Reptiles and Amphibians in the Fifty United States Czajka, A.F. and Nickerson, M.A. MPM Press, Milwaukee, WI; 1974, 79 pp. NAL call number: KF5640 Z95C93 Descriptors: legislation, herpetology. 46Biology of the Reptilia Gans, C. (ed.), Vol. 1-13, Academic Press, London; Vol. 14-15, Wiley Interscience, NY; Vol. 16, Alan R. Liss, NY; Vol. 17, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL; 1969 - present. NAL call number: QL641.B5 Descriptors: immunology, anatomy, endocrinology, behavior, ecology, evolution. 47Physiology of the Amphibia Moore, J.A. (ed.), Academic Press, New York, NY; 1964. Descriptors: anatomy, endocrinology, neurology, immunology. REPTILES REPTILES AS BIOMEDICAL MODELS 48Light adaptation in turtle cones: Testing and analysis of a model for phototransduction. Tranchina, D.; Sneyd, J. and Cadenas, I.D. Biophysics Journal 60(1):217-237 (1991). NAL call number: 442.8 B5238 Descriptors: electrophysiology, sodium, potassium. 49Iguana iguana: A model species for studying the ontogeny of behavior/hormone interactions. Phillips, J.A. Journal of Experimental Zoology Suppl.4:167-169 (1990). NAL call number: 410 J825 Descriptors: diet, maturation, innate behavior. 50Reptilian and avian follicular hierarchies: Models for the study of ovarian development. Etches, R.J. and Petitte, J.N. Journal of Experimental Zoology Suppl.4:112-122 (1990). NAL call number: 410 J825 Descriptors: atresia, androgens, estrogens. 51Urinary bladders of freshwater turtles as a renal physiology model potentially biased by monogenean infections. Hanke, S.E.; Pence, D.B. and Tran, R.M. Laboratory Animal Science 40(2):172-177 (1990). NAL call number: 410.9 P94 Descriptors: renal physiology, non-mammal alternative. 52Vitellogenesis in reptiles as a model for mammalian sex-differentiated hepatic protein synthesis. Callard, I.P.; Riley, D. and Perez, L. Journal of Experimental Zoology Suppl.4:106-111 (1990). NAL call number: 410 J825 Descriptors: embryo development, cardiovascular disease, estrogen. 53Reptile models for biomedical research. Greenberg, N.; Burghardt, G.M.; Crews, D.; Font, E.; Jones, R.E. and Vaughan, G. In: Nonmammalian Animal Models for Biomedical Research Woodhead, A.D. (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; 1989, pp. 289-308. NAL call number: QL55 N66 Descriptors: Iguanidae, Teridae, Colubridae, behavior, endocrinology, neurology. 54Sulfhydryl-rich hemoglobins in reptiles: A defense against reactive oxygen species. Reischl, E. In: Nonmammalian Animal Models for Biomedical Research Woodhead, A.D. (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; 1989, pp. 309-318. NAL call number: QL55 N66 Descriptors: turtles, snakes, lizards, crocodilians, physiology, activated oxygen, disease, protective mechanism, augmentation. 55Fibrin assembly after fibrinopeptide: A release in model systems and human plasma studied with magnetic birefringence. Torbet, J. The Biochemical Journal 244(3):633-637 (1987). NAL call number: QP501 B64 Descriptors: retilase, peptide, proteins. 56Neurotoxins from Agkistrodon halys (Pallas) and Bungarus fasciatus venom. Heilbronn, E.; Jiang, M.S.; Zhou, H.; Haggvlad, J. and Rydqvist, B. Model Systems in Neurotoxicology: Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing: Proceedings of the 31st OHOLO Conference, Held in Tiberias, Israel, November 3-7, 1986 Shahar, A. and Goldberg, A.M. (eds.), Liss Publishing Co., New York, NY; 1987, pp. 265-275. NAL call number: RC347 O37 1986 Descriptors: non-mammalian alternative, neurotoxicology, serpentes. 57Study of cold-blooded animals helps surgery. Perkins, K. The NIH Record August 25, 1987. Descriptors: cardiopulmonary bi-pass, pH management. 58Muscle necrosis caused by the sub-units of crotoxin. Kouyoumdjian, J.A.; Harris, J.B. and Johnson, M.A. Toxicon 24(6):575-583 (1986). NAL call number: 391.8 T66 Descriptors: venom, neurosurgery, diagnosis. 59Phospholipases in snake venoms and their effects on nerve and muscle. Harris, J.B. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 31(1-2):79-102 (1985). NAL call number: RM1 P477 Descriptors: drug therapy, central nervous system, neurotoxicity. 60The anticoagulant effect of Bothrops castelnaudi snake venom (Castelnaud's pit viper). Kamiguti, A.S.; Sousa e Silva, M.C.C.; Morena, P. and Nahas, L. Toxicon 23(3):383-391 (1985). NAL call number: 391.8 T66 Descriptors: blood clotting, cardiovascular disease, diagnosis. 61Parthenogenetic reptiles: New subjects for laboratory research. Cole, C.J. and Townsend, C.R. Experientia 33:285-289 (1977). NAL call number: 475 Ex7 Descriptors: model, lizards, snakes, turtles, reproduction, review. 62Animal model of human disease. Malignant tumors. Spang Thomsen, M. and Visfeldt, J. American Journal of Pathology 84(1):193-196 (1976). NAL call number: 448.8 AM39 Descriptors: immunology, grafting, cancer. 63The effect of diazepam on different patterns of epileptic electrographic activities in the turtle brain. Servit, Z. and Strejckova, A. Physiologia Bohemoslovaca 23(1):29-36 (1974). (ISSN# 0014-1291) Descriptors: seizure, penicillin, psychotropic drugs. REPTILE CARE AND USE 64Effects of handling and restraint in the ball python (Python regius) and the blue-tongued skink (Tiliqua scincoides). (Abstract) Kreger, M.D. and Mench, J.A. Journal of Animal Science 70(1):173 (1992). NAL call number: 49 J82 Descriptors: behavior, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, chronic stress, captivity. 65Medicine and diseases of reptiles. Schaeffer, D.O. In: The Care and Use of Amphibians, Reptiles, and Fish in Research Schaeffer, D.O.; Kleinow, K. and Krulisch, L. (eds.), Scientist Center for Animal Welfare, Bethesda, MD; 1992 (in press), 5 pp. NAL call number: in press Descriptors: virus, bacteria, nematodes. 66The Physiological and Behavioral Effects of Handling and Restraint in the ball python (Python regius) and the blue-tongued skink (Tiliqua scincoides) (Thesis) Kreger, M.D. University of Maryland, College Park, MD; 1992. Descriptors: stress, photoperiod, radioimmunoassay, corticosterone, immunosuppression, activity. 67Regarding reptiles. Kreger, M.D. Science and Animal Care 3(3):1,4 (1992). NAL call number: IPSG2719 Descriptors: welfare, guidelines, policy. 68Biomedical and Surgical Aspects of Captive Reptile Husbandry Frye, F.L. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL; 2 vol., 1991, 637 pp. NAL call number: SF997.5.R4F78 1991 Descriptors: physiology, pathology, prevention, anatomy, post-operative care, anesthesia. 69Cage design and configuration for arboreal reptiles. Mason, R.T.; Hoyt, Jr., R.F.; Pannell, L.K.; Wellner, E.F. and Demeter, B. Laboratory Animal Science 41(1):84-86 (1991). NAL call number: 410.9P94 Descriptors: policy, biophysics, housing, environment. 70Energy requirements for maintenance and growth of wild mammals, birds and reptiles in captivity. Kirkwood, J.K. The Journal of Nutrition 121(Suppl.11):S29-34 (1991). NAL call number: 389.8 J82 Descriptors: obesity, anorexia, feeding neonates. 71Husbandry and clinical evaluation of Iguana iguana. Anderson, N.L. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 13(8):1265-1272 (1991). NAL call number: SF601 C66 Descriptors: husbandry, exam, diagnosis, treatment, thermoregulation, dietary needs. 72Medical management of reptile patients. Jenkins, J.R. The Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 13(6):980-983, 988 (1991). NAL call number: SF601.C66 Descriptors: pathology, preventative medicine. 73A Practical Guide for Feeding Captive Reptiles Frye, F.L. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL; 1991, 171 pp. NAL call number: SF515.F79 1991 Descriptors: health, nutrition, diet. 74Prescribing for reptiles. Debuf, Y.M. (ed.), In: The Veterinary Formulary: Handbook of Medicines Used in Veterinary Practice The Pharmaceutical Press, London, England; 1991, pp. 43-45. NAL call number: SF916.5 V37 1991 Descriptors: antibiotics, dosages, parasites. 75Reciprocal changes in corticosterone and testosterone levels following acute and chronic handling stress in the tree lizard, Urosaurus ornatus. Moore, M.C.; Thompson, C.W. and Marler, C.A. General and Comparative Endocrinology 81(2):217-226 (1991). NAL call number: 444.8 G28 Descriptors: handling, captivity. 76Recommendations for the care of amphibians and reptiles in academic institutions. Pough, F.H. ILAR News National Academy Press, Washington, DC; 33(4):S1-S21 (1991). NAL call number: QL55 A1I43 Descriptors: breeding, housing, marking, care, photoperiod, thermoregulation. 77A review of anesthesia and chemical restraint in reptiles. Bennett, R.A. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 22(3):282-303 (1991). NAL call number: SF601 J6 Descriptors: pre-anesthetics, local, injectable, hypothermia, inhalants, electro anesthesia. 78The Snakes of Thailand and Their Husbandry Cox, M.J. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL; 1991, 526 pp. NAL call number: SF515.5 S64C68 1991 Descriptors: housing, breeding, feeding. 79A technique to anesthetize turtles with ether. Bello, A.A. and Bello- Klein, A. Physiology and Behavior 50(4):847-848 (1991). NAL call number: QP1.P4 Descriptors: cannula, pump, ether. 80Husbandry and Preventative Medicine Practices that Increase Reproductive Efficiency of Breeding Colonies of Alligators Cardeilhac, P. Florida Dept. of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Tallahassee, FL; 1990, 47 pp. NAL call number: QL666 C929C37 Descriptors: housing, diet, propagation. 81Growth rate and plasma corticosterone levels in juvenile alligators maintained at different stocking densities. Elsey, R.M.; Joanen, T.; McNease, L. and Lance, V. Journal of Experimental Zoology 255(1):30- 36 (1990). NAL call number: 410 J825 Descriptors: stress, juveniles, crowding. 82A Step-by-step Book About Iguanas Harris, J.C., T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, NJ; 1990, 64 pp. NAL call number: SF459.I38H37 Descriptors: housing, breeding, feeding, nutrition, maintenance. 83Stress in reptiles. Lance, V.A. In: Progress in Comparative Endocrinology: Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposia on Comparative Endocrinology held in Malaga, Spain, May 14-20, 1989 August, E.; Scanes, C.G. and Stetson, M.H. (eds.), Wiley-Liss, Inc., New York, NY; 1990, pp. 461-466. NAL call number: QP187 A1I52 1989 Descriptors: handling, crowding, physiology. 84Alligator Aquaculture in the South Rollason, S. Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service, Baton Rouge, LA; videocassette (18 min.), 1989. NAL call number: Videocassette no. 966 Descriptors: care of hatchlings, incubation, transport, feed. 85Ketamine as an anesthetic for some squamate reptiles. Font, E. and Schwartz, J.M. Life Sciences 2:484-486 (1989). NAL call number: 442.8 L62 Descriptors: colubrids, iguanids, chloroform. 86Reptilian surgery part I. Basic principles. Bennett, R.A. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 11(1):10-21 (1989). NAL call number: SF601 C66 Descriptors: skin wounds, aseptic techniques, anatomical variation, anesthetics. 87Reptilian surgery part II. Management of surgical diseases. Bennett, R.A. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian Princeton Jct., NJ; 11(2):122-133. NAL call number: SF601 C66 Descriptors: bacterial infections, wound healing, celiotomy, gastrointestinal abnormalities, treatments. 88Evaluation of the reptile patient. Jacobson, E.R. Contemporary Issues in Small Animal Practice 9:1-18 (1988). NAL call number: SF601.C64 Descriptors: behavior, maintenance, care. 89Hospital care of the reptile patient. Jarchow, J.L. Contemporary Issues in Small Animal Practice 9:19-34 (1988). NAL call number: SF601.C64 Descriptors: post-operative care, maintenance, analgesia, anaesthesia. 90Husbandry and Preventative Medicine Practices That Increase Reproductive Efficiency of Breeding Colonies of Alligators Cardeilhac, P. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Tallahassee, FL; 1988. NAL call number: SF459.A4C3 Descriptors: reproduction, maintenance, pathology. 91Keeping and Breeding Snakes Mattison, C. Sterling Publishing Co., New York, NY; 1988, 183 pp. NAL call number: SF515.5 S64M38 Descriptors: husbandry, maintenance, environment, feeding, diseases. 92Practical Methodology Reptiles Mader, D.R. University of California at Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA; 1988, 2 videocassettes, VHS, 35 minutes. NAL call number: Videocassette no.414 Descriptors: euthanasia, handling, care. 93Use of chemotherapeutics in reptile medicine. Jacobson, E.R. Contemporary Issues in Small Animal Practice 9:35-48 (1988). NAL call number: SF601.C64 Descriptors: methods, pathology, treatment. 94Handbook on the Maintenance of Reptiles in Captivity Welch, K.R.G. Krieger Publishing Co., Malabar, FL; 1987, 156 pp. NAL call number: QL665 W4 1987 Descriptors: care, husbandry, feeding. 95Snakes & Lizards: Their Care and Breeding in Captivity Coborn, J. Newton Abbott Publishing, English, 1987, 208 pp. NAL call number: SF515.5 L58C63 1987 Descriptors: husbandry, environment, maintenance. 96The UFAW Handbook of the Care and Management of Laboratory Animals Poole, T.B. Bath Press, Avon, Great Britain, 1987, pp. 716- 752. NAL call number: QL55.U5 1987 Descriptors: reptiles, amphibia, fish, environment. 97Anesthetic and sedative drug dosage - amphibians and reptiles. Canadian Council on Animal Care. Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa, Ontario, 1984, Vol. 1, pp. 99. NAL call number: SSF406 C36 Descriptors: primary agent, dose, route. 98Antimicrobial drug dosage - reptiles, fish. Canadian Council on Animal Care. Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa, Ontario, 1984, Vol. 1, pp. 102. NAL call number: SF406 C36 Descriptors: penicillin G, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, streptomycin. 99Diseases of Amphibians and Reptiles Hoff, G.L.; Frye, F.L. and Jacobson, E.R. Plenum Press, New York, NY; 1984, 784 pp. NAL call number: SF997.5 A45D57 Descriptors: pathology, medicine, prevention, diagnosis. 100Reptiles. Canadian Council on Animal Care. In: Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals Ottawa, Canada, Vol. 2, 1984, pp. 19-28. NAL call number: SF406 C36 Descriptors: housing, nutrition, health care, restraint. 101Diseases of the Reptilia Cooper, J.E. and Jackson, O.F. Academic Press, New York, NY; 1981, 2 volumes. NAL call number: SF997.5 R4D57 Descriptors: pathology, parasitology, prevention, epidemiology, treatment. 102Investigatory behavior in snakes, II: Cage cleaning and the induction of defecation in snakes. Chiszar, D.; Wellborn, S.; Wand, M.A.; Scudder, K.M. and Smith, H.M. Animal Learning and Behavior 8:505- 510 (1980). Descriptors: housing, maintenance, substrate, captivity. 103Reproductive Biology and Diseases of Captive Reptiles Murphy, J.B. and Collins, J.T. (eds.), Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Oxford, OH; 1980, 277 pp. NAL call number: QL669.3 R4 Descriptors: Congresses, pathology, herpetology, seasonality, territoriality. 104Temperature and light requirements of captive reptiles. Regal, P.J. In: Reproductive Biology and Diseases of Captive Reptiles Murphy, J.B. and Collins, J.T. (eds.), Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, 1980, pp. 79-91. NAL call number: QL669.3 R4 Descriptors: ectothermy, maintenance, thermoregulation. 105Establishment and maintenance of colonies of parthenogenetic whiptail lizards. Townsend, C.R. International Zoo Yearbook 19:80-86 (1979). NAL call number: QL76 I5 Descriptors: housing, feeding, temperature. 106Laboratory maintenance. Campbell, H.W. and Busack, S.D. In: Turtles: Perspectives and Research Harless, M. and Morlock, H. (eds.), Wiley Publishing, New York, NY: 1979, pp. 109-125. Descriptors: care, husbandry, nutrition. 107A Review of Marking Techniques for Amphibians and Reptiles Ferner, J.W. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Miscellaneous Pubs., Herpetological Circular No. 9, 1979. NAL call number: QL60.5 F4 Descriptors: identification, methodology. 108Reptiles: Bacterial Diseases of Captive Reptiles Frye, F.L. Health Sciences Learning Resources Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; 1975, 55 slides, 1 sound cassette. NAL call number: Slide no.222 Descriptors: handling, pathology, medicine, microorganisms, herpetology. 109Reptilian Disease Recognition and Treatment Dobbs, J.S. Curtis Books, Hollywood, FL; 1973, 42 pp. NAL call number: SF997.5 R4D6 Descriptors: pathology, diagnosis, prevention. 110The Temperature and Water Relations of Reptiles Cloudsley-Thompson, J.L. Merrow Publishing Co., Watford, Herts, England, 1971, 159 pp. NAL call number: QL669 C63 Descriptors: ectothermy, maintenance, physiology, rhythmicity. AMPHIBIANS AMPHIBIANS AS BIOMEDICAL MODELS 111An assay system for developmental toxicity using embryos and larvae of Xenopus laevis. Sakamoto, M.K.; Mima, S. and Tanimura, T. Alternatives to Animal Testing and Experimentation Japanese Society of Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; 1(3):172-178 (March 1992). NAL call number: not at NAL Descriptors: embryology, abnormalities, chemical testing, teratogenesis. 112Amphibian Cytogenetics and Evolution Green, D.M. and Sessions, S.K. (eds.), Academic Press, San Diego, CA; 1991, 456 pp. NAL call number: QL668.5.A56 1991 Descriptors: phylogeny, evolution, cytotaxonomy, DNA sequences, chromosome heteromorphism, meiosis, chromosomes, sex determination, nomenclature, classification, polyploidy. 113Evaluation of the frog embryo teratogenesis assay: Xenopus (FETAX) as a model system for mixture toxicity hazard assessment. Dawson, D.A. and Wilke, T.S. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 10(7):941-948 (1991). NAL call number: QH545.A1E58 Descriptors: small-clawed frog, malformation, lethality. 114Genes encoding receptors for insulin and insulin-like growth factor I are expressed in Xenopus oocytes and embryos. Scavo, L.; Shuldiner, A.R.; Serrano, J.; Dashner, R.; Roth, J. and dePablo, F. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 88(14):6214-6218 (1991). NAL call number: 500 N21P Descriptors: receptors, embryology, proteins. 115A minimal cascade model for the mitotic oscillator involving cyclin and CDC2 kinase. (Abstract) Goldbeter, A. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America 88(20):9107-9111 (1991). NAL call number: 500 N21P Descriptors: mitosis, oscillation, cell cycle. 116A model for compound action potentials and currents in a nerve bundle III: A comparison of the conduction velocity distributions calculated from compound action currents and potentials. Wijesinghe, R.S.; Gielen, F.L.H. and Widswo, Jr., J.P. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 19(1):97-121 (1991). NAL call number: TA164 J6 Descriptors: frog sciatic nerves, CVD variation, neurophysiology. 117Somatostatin inhibits pepsinogen secretion via a cyclic AMP- independent pathway. Fong, J.C.; Hong, S.J. and Wang, F.F. Regulatory Peptides 32(3):351-360 (1991). NAL call number: QP572 P4C66 Descriptors: model, hypothalamic releasing hormones. 118Transgenic Xenopus laevis tadpoles: A transient in vivo model system for the manipulation of lens function and lens development. Brakenhoff, R.H.; Ruuls, R.C.; Jacobs, E.H.M.; Schoemakers, J.G.G. and Lubsen, N.H. Nucleic Acids Research 19(6):1279-1284 (1991). NAL call number: QD341.A2N8 Descriptors: CAT reporter gene, promoter, small-clawed frog. 119Two nonallelic insulin genes in Xenopus laevis are expressed differentially during neurulation in prepancreatic embryos. Shuldiner, A.R.; dePablo, F.; Moore, C.A. and Roth, J. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 88(17):7679-7683 (1991). (ISSN #0027-8424) NAL call number: 500 N21P Descriptors: physiology, embryogenesis, transcription. 120Amphibian model system for problems in behavioral neuroendocrinology. Moore, F.L. Journal of Experimental Zoology Suppl.4:157-158 (1990). NAL call number: 410 J825 Descriptors: rough-skinned newt, non-mammalian alternatives. 121Characterization of human phagocytic cell receptors for C5A and platelet activating factor expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Murphy, P.M.; Gallin, E.K. and Tiffany, H.L. Journal of Immunology 145(7):2227- 2234 (1990). NAL call number: 448.8 J8232 Descriptors: immunology, inflammation, anaphylotoxins. 122Chromosomes of amphibian oocytes as a model for gene expression: Significance of lampbrush loops. Angelier, N.; Bonnanfant-Jais, M.L.; Herberts, C.; Lautredou, N.; Moreau, N.; N'Da, E.; Penrad-Mobayed, M.; Rodriquez-Martin, M.L. and Sorrouille, P. International Journal of Development Biology 34(1):69-80 (1990). Descriptors: NP matrix, RNA synthesis, immunology. 123The frog spinal cord: A model to study methanethiol-central nervous system interaction. De Santis, A.; Loguericio, C. and Nardi, G. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. C: Comparative Pharmacology and Toxicology 96C(1):115-118 (1990). NAL call number: QP901.C6 Descriptors: neurophysiology, interneurons. 124Observations on cardiac ultrastructure of the adult Japanese newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster. Pfeiffer, C.J.; Asashima, M.; Cho, C.H. and Shimada, K. Journal of Submicroscopic Cytology 22(1):17-26 (1990). NAL call number: QH573 J62 Descriptors: endocrine cells, prolonged in vitro study, myocardium, microscopy. 125Amphibian models in endocrine research. Norris, D.O. In: Nonmammalian Animal Models for Biomedical Research Woodhead, A.D. (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; 1989, pp. 279-288. NAL call number: QL55 N66 Descriptors: applications, biomedical applications, differentiation. 126Amphibians: A rich source of biological diversity. Pough, F.H. In: Nonmammalian Animal Models for Biomedical Research Woodhead, A.D. (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; 1989, pp. 245-278. NAL call number: QL55 N66 Descriptors: reproduction, temperature regulation. 127Amphibian sympathetic ganglia as a model system for investigating regeneration in the vertebrate peripheral nervous system. Kelly, M.E.M.; Traynor, P. and Smith, P.A. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A: Comparative Physiology 93A(1):133-140 (1989). NAL call number: QP1.C6 Descriptors: axotomy, nerve growth factor. 128The egg of Xenopus laevis: A model system for studying cell activation. Charbonneau, M. and Grandin, N. Cell Differentiation and Development: The Official Journal of the International Society of Developmental Biologists 28(2):71-94 (1989). NAL call number: QH607 A1C4 Descriptors: embryology, egg plasma membrane. 129Is the supply of axoplasmic proteins a burden for the cell body? Morphometry of sensory neurons and amino acid incorporation into their cell bodies. von Bernhadti, R. and Alvarez, J. Brain Research 478(2):301-308 (1989). Descriptors: neuroanatomy, axoplasm, amino acids. 130Distribution and characterization of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the crested newt. Perroteau, I.; Danger, J.M.; Biffo, S.; Pelletier, G.; Vaudry, H. and Fasolo, A. The Journal of Comparative Neurology 275(3):309-325 (1988). NAL call number: QP351 J68 Descriptors: Salamandridae, cytology, nerve fibers, mapping. 131Influence of prostaglandins on electrical and mechanical activities of gastric muscles of Bufo marinus. Shonnard, P.; Ary, T. and Sanders, K.M. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. C: Comparative Pharmacology and Toxicology 90(2):325-333 (1988). NAL call number: QP901 C6 Descriptors: Bufonidae, acetylcholine, indomethacin, contractions, membrane potential, physiology, pharmacology. 132Opioid antinociception in amphibians. Stevens, C.W. Brain Research Bulletin 21(6):959-962 (1988). Descriptors: rana pipiens, antinociception, endogenous opioid, endorphiris, pain. 133Xenopus egg extracts: A model system for chromatin replication. Almouzni, G. and Mechali, M. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: International Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics 951(2-3):443-450 (1988). NAL call number: 381 B522 Descriptors: gene, DNA replication, nucleosomes. 134Xenopus laevis in developmental and molecular biology. Dawid, I.B. and Sargent, T.D. Science 240:1443-1448 (1988). NAL call number: 470 SCI2 Descriptors: polarity determination, cytoplasmic localization, embryonic induction, expression system. 135Amphibian skin as a model in studies on epidermal homeostasis. Budtz, P.E. In: Skin Models Marks, R. and Plewig, G. (eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1986, pp. 58-72. NAL call number: RL79.S55 Descriptors: in vivo, epidermis, influx, efflux, toads, axolotl. 136The breeding of Xenopus laevis on a large scale in the laboratory. Davys, J.S. Animal Technology: Journal of the Institute of Animal Technicians Sussex; the Institute of Animal Technology 37(3):217-233 (1986). NAL call number: QL55 I55 Descriptors: African clawed frog, housing, laboratory rearing, husbandry. 137New amphibian models for the study of 1 methyl-4-phenyl-1 2 3 6- tetrahydropyridine. Barbeau, A.; Dallaire, L.; Buu, N.T.; Veilleux, F; Boyer, H.; De Lanney, L.E.; Irwin, I.; Langston, E.B. and Langston, J.W. Life Sciences 36(11):1125-1134 (1985). NAL call number: 442.8 L62 Descriptors: Parkinson's disease, toxicity, nucleic acids. 138Frog dissection. Newby, L. Frog Cross Educational Software, Ruston, LA; 1984, 2 computer discs. NAL call number: QA76.8 A662N4 Descriptors: computer simulation, education. 139In vivo sister chromatid exchanges in amphibia: A convenient model for mutagenicity bioassay. Chakrabarti, S.; Banerjee, S.N. and Chakrabarti, A. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 22(7):347-349 (1984). NAL call number: 442.8 IN2 Descriptors: genes, alternatives. 140Differential activation and blockade of excitatory amino acid receptors in the mammalian and amphibian central nervous system. Davies, J.; Evans, R.H.; Jones, A.W.; Smith, D.A.S. and Watkins, J.C. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C: Comparative Pharmacology 72(1):211-224 (1982). NAL call number: QP901.C6 Descriptors: in vitro, in vivo, spinal cords, neurons, NMDA receptors, antagonist, quisqualate, kainate polysynaptic, monosynaptic. 141The use of amphibians in biomedical research. Nace, G.W. In: Animal Models for Biomedical Research III. Symposium National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC; 1974, pp. 103-124. NAL call number: QL53 S9 1970 Descriptors: experimentation, breeding, review. AMPHIBIAN CARE AND USE 142Alternatives to the use of mammals for pain research. Stevens, C.W. Life Science 50(13):901-912 (1992). NAL call number: 442.8 L62 Descriptors: amphibia, pharmacology, physiology, biochemistry. 143Creature comforters. University of Calgary. Future Health/Perspectives Sante Westmount, Quebec, Canada, Summer 1992, pp. 14-16. Descriptors: improved housing, frogs. 144Intracelomic use of tricaine methane sulfonate for anesthesia of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) and leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). Letcher, J. Zoo Biology Wiley-Liss, Inc., New York, NY; 11:243-251 (1992). NAL call number: QL77.5 Z6 Descriptors: MS-222, anurans, intracelomic injection. 145Laboratory care and breeding of the African clawed frog. Dawson, D.A.; Schultz, T.W. and Shroeder, E.C. Lab Animal University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN; 21(4):31-36 (April 1992). NAL call number: QL55 A1L33 Descriptors: housing, water quality, breeding, parasite treatment, embryo handling, tadpole care, Xenopus, reproduction. 146Managing a bullfrog research colony. Culley, D.D. In: The Care and Use of Amphibians, Reptiles, and Fish in Research Schaeffer, D.O.; Kleinow, K.M. and Krulisch, L. (eds.), Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, Bethesda, MD; 1992 (in press), 25 pp. NAL call number: in press Descriptors: water quality, housing, diet, health. 147A new method for feeding captive frogs (Xenopus laevis). Sackin, N. and Sackin, H. Lab Animal 20(8):44-46 (1991). NAL call number: QL55 A1L33 Descriptors: African clawed frogs, diet. 148A man and his frogs. Zasloff, M. The Washington Post February 16, 1988. Descriptors: magainin, antibiotic, cancer. 149An economical, balanced diet for Xenopus. Able, D.J. ILAR News 30(3):20-21 (1988). NAL call number: QL55 A1I43 Descriptors: Xenopus laevis, South African clawed frog, hormones, guidelines, formulation, ingredients. 150Rearing and Breeding Amphibia in the Laboratory and Terrarium (German) Herrmann, H.J. Naturhistoriches Museum, 1988, 64 pp. NAL call number: SF407 A45H3 Descriptors: husbandry, feeding, environment. 151The I.U. Axolotl Colony's short guide to the care and feeding of axolotls. An overview of the methods used at the Indiana University Axolotl Colony. Duhon, S. ILAR News Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council, Washington, DC; 30(3):18-20 (1988). NAL call number: QL55 A1I43 Descriptors: water quality, housing. 152Amphibians. Stewart, K.W. Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa, Canada, Vol. 2, 1984, pp. 11-17. NAL call number: SF406 C36 Descriptors: housing, nutrition, health care, restraint, thermoregulatory needs. 153Anesthetic and sedative drug dosage - amphibians and reptiles. Canadian Council on Animal Care. Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa, Canada, 1980, Vol. 1, pp. 99. NAL call number: SF406 C36 Descriptors: agent, dose, route. 154Xenopus laevis: Rearing and Breeding the African Clawed Frog Etheridge, A.L. and Richter, S.M.A. NASCO, Fort Atkinson, WI; 1978, 14 pp. NAL call number: QL668 E265E8 Descriptors: feeding, frogs, tadpoles, housing, disease. 155Amphibians: Medicine and Husbandry Ringler, D.H. Health Sciences Learning Resources Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; 1975, 64 slides, 23 min. sound cassette. NAL call number: Slide no. 226 Descriptors: environment, health, maintenance, maintenance. 156Amphibians. Guidelines for the Breeding, Care, and Management of Laboratory Animals Nace, G.W. (ed.), Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC; 1974, pp. 153. NAL call number: SF407 A45N37 Descriptors: husbandry, health, nutrition, anesthesia, analgesia, euthanasia, disease. GENERAL FISH AND CEPHALOPODS 157Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Fisheries Seaman, Jr., W. and Sprague, L.M. (eds.), Academic Press, San Diego, CA; 1991, 285 pp. Descriptors: taxonomy, niche, habitat, community. 158Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates Thorpe, J.H. and Covich, A.P. (eds.), Academic Press, San Diego, CA; 1991, 911 pp. NAL call number: QL151 E36 Descriptors: protazoa, porifera, flatworms, mollusca. 159Marine life and medical research. IIFAR Sighted Report 5(1):1-2 (1991). NAL call number: HV4701 I55 Descriptors: diabetes, squid, cancer, epilepsy, leukemia, monkfish, trout, cardiology, biochemistry, embryology. 160Marine animals and medical research. MBL Science 4(1):2-4 (1990). Descriptors: models, fish, invertebrates, squid, epilepsy, diabetes, fertility, leukemia, muscle, Alzheimer's, birth defects, cancer, Marine Biology Laboratory, neurobiology, crustaceans. 161Biomedical applications of marine animals. Smith, A.C. In: Nonmammalian Animal Models for Biomedical Research Woodhead, A.D. (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; 1989, pp. 149-159. NAL call number: QL55 N66 Descriptors: human disease, pathology, marine products, evolution, marine biology. 162Marine models in biomedical research: A report from the Marine Life Resources Workshop at Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, North Carolina, May 1988. Duke University Marine Laboratory. Biological Bulletin 176:337-348 (1989). NAL call number: 442.8 B52 Descriptors: models, workshop, nonmammalian, funding, fish, recommendations, cephalopods, molluscs, aquaculture, resources, toxicology, carcinogens. 163Marine models in biomedical research. The Collecting Net Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA; 7(1):1-3 (1989). Descriptors: Beaufort Symposium, benefits, summary, invertebrates, nonmammalian, vertebrates. 164Marine (and freshwater) models in biomedical research. Marine Life Resources Workshop Beaufort, NC, May 1988. Anonymous. The Biological Bulletin Marine Biology Laboratory (Informational Bulletin Marine Biological Laboratory) Woods Hole, MA; 176(3):337-348 (1989). Descriptors: pharmacology, test organisms, marine organisms. 165Funduscopic morphology of selected marine animals as photographed in vivo. Grover, D.A. and Zigmen, S. Canadian Journal of Zoology 62:563-566 (1984). NAL call number: 470 C16D Descriptors: ophthalmoscopy, histopathology aid, eye photography. 166Fish collections in the United States and Canada. Collette, B.B. and Lachner, E.A. Copeia 1976:618. (ISSN 0045-8511) FISH FISH AS BIOMEDICAL MODELS 167Arterial response to mechanical injury: Balloon catheter de- endothelialization. Ferns, G.A.A.; Stewart, A.L. and Anggard, E.E. Atherosclerosis 92(2-3):89-104 (1992). NAL call number: RC692 A8 Descriptors: fish, techniques. 168Acute toxicity of pentachlorophenol (PCP) on goldfish (Carassius auratus) under laboratory conditions. Fernandez-Casalderrey, A. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry 31/32:395-400 (1991). NAL call number: QD241 T6 Descriptors: pollution, toxicant, degradation, environment. 169Fish as human disease models. Contie, V.L. Reporter 15(11):1-4 (1991). NAL call number: IPSG1655 Descriptors: carcinogens, Wilson's Disease, environmental toxicity, medaka, copper metabolism, lysosomes, liver, neurology. 170Using white perch (Morone americana) to study abnormal hepatic copper metabolism. Bunton, T.E. and Frazier, J.M. Lab Animal 19(5):48-50 (1990). NAL call number: QL55 A1L33 Descriptors: toxicology, model, heavy metals, liver. 171Aging and calcium metabolism. Fujita, I. Advances in Second Messenger and Phosphoprotein Research 24:542-547 (1990). NAL call number: QP801 N82A3 Descriptors: arteriosclerosis, metabolism, calcitonin, diabetes, concentration gradient, deficiency. 172Effect of low-temperature culture and L3T4 antibody on the survival of pancreatic islets xenograft (fish to mouse). Morsiani, E. and Lacy, P.E. European Surgical Research 22(2):78-85 (1990). Descriptors: catfish, diabetes, transplantation, organ culture, monoclonal antibodies. 173Fish hepatocytes accumulate herpes: A potential source of error in studies of intracellular pH regulation. Walsh, P.J. Journal of Experimental Biology 148:495-499 (1990). NAL call number: 442.8 B77 Descriptors: techniques, physiological techniques, physiological solution, Good's Buffer accumulation, in vitro, toadfish, temperature. 174Light elements: Caviar emptor. Stone, J. Discover August 1990, pp. 32-35. NAL call number: Q1 D57 Descriptors: fish eggs, antimetabolic, embryonic diapause, development, killifish, growth, AIDS, environment toxins, hatchery. 175Purification of prosomatostatin-converting enzymes. Mackin, R.B.; Noe, B.D. and Spiess, J. Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental 39(9 Suppl.2):30-32 (1990). NAL call number: 448.8 M56 Descriptors: metabolism, Islets of Langerhans, peptide, chromatography. 176The use of an aquatic bioassay in carcinogenicity testing. Bunton, T.E. Lab Animal 19(5):46-47 (July/Aug. 1990). NAL call number: QL55 A1L33 Descriptors: environmental pollution, health risk, rainbow trout, guppy, zebra fish, medaka, advantages to use. 177Using white perch (Morone americana) to study abnormal hepatic copper metabolism. Bunton, T.E., and Frazier, J.M. Lab Animal 19(5):48-50 (July/Aug. 1990). NAL call number: QL55 A1L33 Descriptors: Wilson's disease, heavy metal, liver disease, copper storage, copper excretion. 178Elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays) as animal models for biomedical research. Luer, C.A. In: Nonmammalian Animal Models for Biomedical Research Woodhead, A.D. (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; 1989, pp. 121-148 NAL call number: QL55 N66 Descriptors: carcinogenesis, embryology, cardiology, kidney function. 179Electric organ discharge and electrosensory reafference in the little skate, Raja erinacea. New, J.G. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory General scientific meeting of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA; August 14-16, 1989. 177(2):324 (1989). Descriptors: nervous system, axons, sensory. 180Evolution of urea synthesis in vertebrates. The piscine connection. Mommsen, T.P. and Walsh, P.J. Science 243(4887):72-75 (1989). NAL call number: 470 Sci2 Descriptors: toad fish, osmolyte, CPS I, CPS III, mitochondrial arginase. 181Fish as model systems. Powers, D.A. Science 246:352-358 (1989). NAL call number: Q1 A3S3 Descriptors: research, neurobiology, endocrinology, toxicology. 182Freshwater fish in research on radiation biology. Shirma, A. In: Nonmammalian Animal Models for Biomedical Research Woodhead, A.D. (ed.), Boca Raton, FL; 1989 pp. 215-223. NAL call number: QL55 N66 Descriptors: pisces, gnathostomata, teleostomi, Oryzias latipes, poeciliaformosa, medaka, genetics, mutations, multiple receptor tester. 183Genetics of melanomas in Xiphophorus fishes. Vielkind, J.R. and Kallman, K.D. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD; 1(1):69-77 (1989). NAL call number: SH171 J68 Descriptors: tumorigenesis, cancer heterogeneity, pigment cell development. 184The goldfish visual pathway: Intermediate filament proteins in nerve growth and development. Schechter, N.; Jones, P.S.; Quitschke, W. and Tesser, P. In: Nonmammalian Animal Models for Biomedical Research Woodhead, A.D. (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; 1989, pp. 225-244. NAL call number: QL55 N66 Descriptors: classification, structure, synthesis, localization, nerve injury. 185In vitro metabolism of the pro-carcinogen aflatoxin B1 by liver preparations of the calf, nurse shark and clearnose skate. Bodine, A.B. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. C: Comparative Pharmacology and Toxicology 94(2):447-453 (1989). NAL call number: QP901 C6 Descriptors: comparative biochemistry, comparative physiology, pharmacology, toxicology. 186Nervous control of ventilation and heart rate in elasmobranch fish, a model for the study of the central neural mechanisms mediating cardiorespiratory interactions in mammals. Taylor, E.W. In: Nonmammalian Animal Models for Biomedical Research Woodhead, A.D. (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; 1989, pp. 161-183. NAL call number: QL55 N66 Descriptors: chemoreceptor responses, vagal supply, cardiorespiratory. 187Properties of detached nerve terminals from skate electric organ: A combined biochemical, morphological, and physiological study. Dowdall, M.; Pappas, G. and Kriebel, M. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory General scientific meeting of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA; August 14-16, 1989. 177(2):322 (1989). Descriptors: comparative medicine, receptors, anatomy. 188Regulation of insulin release from pancreatic islet cells by norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y. Milgram, S.L.; McDonald, J.K. and Noe, B.D. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory General scientific meeting of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA; August 14-16, 1989. 177(2):324-325 (1989). Descriptors: nephrology, kidney, insulin regulation. 189Use of small fish in biomedical research, with special reference in inbred strains of medaka. Hyodo-Taguchi, Y. and Egami, N. In: Nonmammalian Models for Biomedical Research Woodhead, A.D. (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1989, pp. 185-214. NAL call number: QL55 N66 Descriptors: nonmammalian, models, pisces, gnathostomota, Oryzias latipes, carcinogenesis, neural regeneration. 190Control of testis function in fish: In vitro studies of gonadotropic regulation in the trout (Salmo gairdneri). Le Gac, F. and Loir, M. Reproduction Nutrition Development 28(4B):1031-1046 (1988). Descriptors: hormone, gonad, In vitro, chemical regulation. 191Fish Acute Toxicity Syndromes: Application to the development of mechanism-specific QSARS (Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships). Bradbury, S.P. Government Reports Announcements & Index (GRA&I) 1988, issue 19. NAL call number: 157.8 B47 Descriptors: hazardous chemicals, alternative, fish acute toxicity syndrome, rainbow trout, narcotics, phosphorylation, inhibitors, seizure. 192Modification of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) after 6-OHDA induced catecholamine depletion in the CNS of goldfishes. McElligott, J.G.; Weiser, M. and Baker, R. The Biological Bulletin Marine Biological Lab, General Scientific Meeting of the Marine Biological Lab. (Woods Hole, MA, USA) August 22-24, 1988. Vol. 175, 1988, pp. 307-308. Descriptors: sight response, chemical induced, nervous system. 193On the shores of medical research. University of Washington School of Medicine. Medicine Northwest 4(1):22-27 (1988). Descriptors: steelhead, fish, cardiovascular disease, reproduction, growth, movement, behavior, carcinogens, tumors, parasites. 194Recent applications of fish cell culture to biomedical research. Hightower, L.E. and Renfro, J.L. Journal of Experimental Zoology 248(3):290-302 (1988). NAL call number: 410 J825 Descriptors: immune system, cancer, cytology, neoplasm, ion transport, cellular stress response, tissue culture, teleost, epithelial, in vitro, toxicology, heat shock, thermo tolerance. 195Simultaneous assessment of prohormone transport and processing in four separate islet cell types: A combined autoradiographic and biochemical study. Noe, B.D.; Amherdt, M.; Perrelet, A. and Orci, L. Pancreas 3(6):700-713 (1988). (ISSN 0885-3177) Descriptors: diabetes, cell culture, anglerfish, transport, metabolism, protein, precursors, proinsulin, pharmakinetics. 196Advantages of using aquatic animals for biomedical research on reproductive toxicology. Mottet, N.K. and Landolt, M.L. Environmental Health Perspectives Mechanisms of Pollutant Action in Aquatic Organisms, Research Triangle Park, NC; vol. 71., 1987, pp. 69- 75. NAL call number: RA565 A1E54 Descriptors: gametes, mechanisms, aquatic animals, microtubules, toxicants, toxicology, animal models, trout, sea urchins, flagella, morphology. 197Guidelines For Use of Fishes in Field Research American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH); American Fisheries Society (AFS) and American Institute of Fisheries Research Biologists (AIFRB). Lawrence, KS; 1987, 12 pp. NAL call number: QL618.5 G85 Descriptors: euthanasia, anesthesia, analgesia, sampling capture, IACUC, restraint, radiotelemetry, radioisotopes, housing, maintenance, release. 198Using fish as models in biomedical research. May, E.B.; Bennett, R.D.; Lipsky, M.M. and Reimschuessel, R. Lab Animal 16(4):23-28 (1987). NAL call number: QL55 A1L33 Descriptors: cephalaspidomorphi, chondrichthyes, osteichthyes, salmondiae, design, water quality, aquarium, construction. 199Ionic regulation in fish: The influence of acclimation temperature on plasma composition and apparent set points. Burton, R.F. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A: Comparative Physiology 85(1):23-28 (1986). NAL call number: QP1.C6 Descriptors: circulatory fluid, blood, plasma, osmotic composition, osmotic relations, temperature relationships, thermal acclimation, plasma ionic concentration, environmental factors, physical environment. 200Spermatogenesis and spermatology of some teleost fish species. Billard, R. Reproduction Nutrition and Development 26(4):877-920 (1986). Descriptors: endocrine system, hormones, cyclical functions, seasonal functions, environmental factors, physical environment, light, photoperiod, gametes, sperm, structural complexity, production and yield, testicular structure, lobule organization, endocrine regulation. 201Establishment of inbred strains of medaka Oryzias latipes and the usefulness of the strains for biomedical research. Hyodo-Taguchi, Y. and Egami, N. Zoological Science 2(3):305-316 (1985). NAL call number: QL1 Z68 Descriptors: nonmammalian, models, pisces, gnathostomata, Oryzias latipes. 202White perch horizontal cells in culture: Methods, morphology and process growth. Dowling, J.E. and Pak, M.W. Brain Research 360(1- 2):331-338 (1985). Desciptors: nerve cells, cell culture, fish. 203Debate: Mouse versus minnow: The future of fish in carcinogenicity testing. Dawe, C.J. and Couch, J.A. NCI Monographs U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Vol. 65, 1984, pp. 223-227. NAL call number: RC261 A1N37 Descriptors: evolutionary theory, branchial cysts, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland. 204Serological alterations in carcinogen-exposed teleosts: Procedures for preparation and analysis of samples from small fish. Meador, C.B.; Middlebrooks, R.L. and Martin, B.J. (eds.), NCI Monographs U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Vol. 65, 1984. NAL call number: RC261 A1N37 Descriptors: oncology, cancer, hematology. 205The use of fish in biomedical research. Wolke, R. Comparative Pathology Bulletin 16(4):1,5-6 (1984). NAL call number: QL55 A1C66 Descriptors: laboratory rearing, medical research, disease, physiology, pathology, anatomy, immunology, melanin, carcinogens, biochemistry. 206Effects of anaesthesia and surgery on levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline in blood plasma of the eel (Anguilla anguilla L.). LeBras, Y.M. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. C: Comparative Pharmacology 72C(1):141-144 (1982). NAL call number: QP901.C6 Descriptors: levels, baseline, trauma, post-operative, sampling. 207The fishy side. Couch, J.A. NCI Monographs U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Vol. 65, 1984, pp. 229-235. NAL call number: RC261 A1N37 Descriptors: trifluralin, aflatoxin, sensitivity, non-neoplastic lesions. 208Ichthyotoxins from the oyster toadfish Opsanus tau. Nair, M.S.R. and Leong, I. Toxicon 20(5):933-935 (1982). NAL call number: 391.8 T66 Descriptors: toxicology, neurology, effects. 209In vitro study on the interactive effects of heavy metals on catalase activity of Sarotherodon mossambicus (Peters) (Fish, sublethal metal stress, toxicity). Singh, S.M. and Sivalingam, P.M. Journal of Fish Biology 20(6):683-699 (1982). NAL call number: QL614.J68 Descriptors: metal stress, antagonistic, synergistic, bioaccumulation, mortality, cellular, pollution, liver enzyme catalase, toxicity. 210Neuropharmacology of adreneregic neurons in teleost fish. Holmgren, S. and Nilsson, S. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. C: Comparative Pharmacology 722c(1):289-302 (1982). NAL call number: QP901.C6 Descriptors: similarities, neurotransmission, parasympathetic, sympathetic, transmittors, adrenoceptors, catacholamines. 211Proposal from a plan of study of stress in fish caused by abnormal environmental factors (Ecophysiology, Ecotoxicology). [Proposition d'un pln pour l'etude du "stress" provoque chez le poisson par des facteurs anormaux de l'environnement.] Peres, G. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Veterinaries et de Medicine Comparee de Lyon 84(6):353-355 (1982). NAL call number: 41.9 L99 Descriptors: stress, pH, heavy metals, osmotic stress, environmental stress. 212Effects of low oxygen and pollution on the respiratory systems of fish (Hypoxia, respiratory physiology, stress). Hughes, G.M. In: Stress and Fish Pickering, A.D. (ed.), Academic Press, London, England, 1981, pp. 121-146. NAL call number: QL615.S7 Descriptors: responses, hypoxia, heavy metals, pollution. 213Reproduction in fish experiencing acid and metal stress. Peterson, R.H.; Daye, P.G.; Lacroix, G.L. and Garside, E.T. Acid Rain/Fisheries: Proceedings of an International Symposium on Acidic Precipitation and Fishery Impacts in Northeastern North America, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; August 2-5, 1981 Johnson, R.E. (ed.), American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD; 1982, pp. 177-196. NAL call number: SH174.I5 1981 Descriptors: acidification, reproduction, recruitment failure, populations, low pH, pH toxicity, mortality, larvae, teleost, embryo. 214Animal models and systems for risk evaluation of low-level carcinogenic contaminants in water. Kraybill, H.F. In: Water Chlorination Environmental Impact and Health Effects Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI; Volume 3, 1980, pp. 973-982. Descriptors: fish, alternative, toxicity, water monitor, bioassay, drinking water. 215Biological monitoring of chlorine-induced ventilatory changes in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Miller, W.R.; Gruber, D.; Cairns, J.; Hendricks, A.C. and Hoehn, R.C. In: Water Chlorination Environmental Impact and Health Effects Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI; Volume 3, 1980, pp. 589-597. Descriptors: toxicity, water quality, pollution, chlorine, respiration rates. 216Comparison of the toxicities of monochloramine and dichloramine to rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, under various time conditions. Thomas, P.; Bartos, J.M. and Brooks, A.S. In: Water Chlorination Environmental Impact and Health Effects Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI; Volume 3, 1980, pp. 581-588. Descriptors: toxicity, disinfectant, anti-fouling, chlorine. 217Effects on carp embryos (Cyprinus carpio) and Daphnia pulex of chlorinated organic compounds produced during control of fouling organisms. Trabalka, J.R.; Tsai, S.C.; Mattice, J.S. and Burch, M.B. In: Water Chlorination Environmental Impact and Health Effects Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI; Volume 3, 1980, pp. 599-606. Descriptors: human health, environmental quality, toxicity, chlorine, trihalomethanes, THM's 218A sister chromatid exchange assay for detecting genetic damage to marine fish exposed to mutagens and carcinogens. Maddock, M.B. and Kelly, J.J. In: Water Chlorination Environmental Impact and Health Effects Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI; Volume 3, 1980, pp. 835-844. Descriptors: chlorination, pollutant, toxicity, cytogenetic damage. 219Pollution-associated diseases and abnormalities of fish and shellfish: A review. Sindermann, C.J. Fishery Bulletin National Marine Fisheries Service, Washington, DC; 76(4):717-749 (1979). NAL call number: 157.5 B87 Descriptors: fin erosion, ulcers, environmental stress, toxicology. 220The use of otoliths for age determination. Williams, T. and Bedford, B.C. International Symposium on the Ageing of Fish, The University of Reading, England, July 19-20, 1973 Unwin Brothers Ltd., The Gresham Press, Old Woking, Surrey, England; 1974, 234 pp. Descriptors: aging, ear, calcareous concretion. 221Fish as biomedical research models. Klontz, G.W. In: Animal Models for Biomedical Research Proceeding, Vol. 4, 1970 National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC; 1971, pp. 27-30. NAL call number: QL53 S9 1970 Descriptors: chordates, pisces, vertebrates, laboratory animal, nonhuman vertebrates. 222Retinal tapetum lucidum: A novel reflecting system in the eye of teleosts. Arnott, H.J. and Maciolek, N.J. Science 169:478-480 (1970). NAL call number: 470 Sci2 Descriptors: bony fishes, pigment epithelial cells, lipid particles, dim- light vision. FISH CARE AND USE 223Common disorders of marine fish. Whitaker, B.R. The Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 13(6):961-966 (1991). NAL call number: SF601 C66 Descriptors: fish disease, anesthetics, drug therapy, stress, bacteria, parasites, diagnosis. 224Laboratory management and husbandry of the Japanese medaka. Grady, A.W.; Greer, I.E. and McLaughlin, R.M. Lab Animal 20(3):22- 28 (1991). NAL call number: QL55.A1L33 Descriptors: ricefish, biology, husbandry, environmental conditions, reproduction, spawning, diet, cleaning, health, hatching, rearing, oviparous, development, toxicity. 225Non-invasive ventilation monitoring in fish. Gehrke, P.C. ACCART News 4(4):10-11 (1991). NAL call number: SF405.5 A3 Descriptors: cannulation, buccal cavity, electrodes, visual monitoring, anaesthesia. 226Prescribing for fish. The Veterinary Formulary: Handbook of Medicines Used in Veterinary Practice Debuf, Y.M. (ed.), The Pharmaceutical Press, London, 1991, pp. 29-34. NAL call number: SF916.5.V37 1991 Descriptors: anesthesia, analgesia, euthanasia, antibiotic, infection, preparations, dosages. 227Stress--it's role in fish disease. Francis-Floyd, R. Circular - Florida Cooperative Extension Service Vol. 919, 1991, 4 pp. NAL call number: 275.29 F66C Descriptors: resistance, prevention, infection. 228Acute correlated changes in plasma T sub(4) and glucose in physically disturbed cannulated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Himick, B.A. and Eales, J.G. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A: Comparative Physiology 97A(2):165-167 (1990). NAL call number: QP1.C6 Descriptors: fish physiology, blood, biological stress, biochemical composition, Salmo gairdneri, Oncorhynchus mykiss. 229Animal protection aspects on killing of fish. [Tierschutzaspekte bei der Toetung von Fischen]. Bernoth, E.M. and Wormuth, H.J. Deutsche Tieraerztliche Wochenschrift Institut fuer Veterinaermedizin, Germany, 97(4):154-157 (1990). Descriptors: animal welfare, euthanasia, pain, humane death. 230Fish diseases and diagnostic services. Beem, M. OSU Current Report Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Extension Service, Vol. 9204, November 1990, 4 pp. NAL call number: S451 O5O8 Descriptors: eitiology, handling, nutrition, management, water quality, stress, natural defenses, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pesticides. 231Fishes. American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. In: Laboratory Animal Technician Stark, D.M. and Ostrow, M.E. (eds.), Cordova, TN; Training Manual Series, Vol. 2, 1990, pp. 87-90. NAL call number: SF77.L25 Descriptors: behavior, husbandry, diet, handling. 232An introduction to fish hematology. Campbell, T. and Murru, F. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 12(4):525-533 (1990). NAL call number: SF601 C66 Descriptors: piscine hemogram, leukocytes, blood collection, hematologic evaluation, diagnostic tool. 233Laboratory culture of jacksmelt, Atherinopsis californiensis, and topsmelt, Atherinops affinis (Pisces: Atherinidae), with a description of larvae. Middaugh, D.P.; Hemmer, M.J.; Shenker, J.M. and Takita, T. California Fish and Game Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, FL; 76(1):4-13 (1990). Descriptors: aquaculture, husbandry, water chemistry, facility design. 234Phenotypic plasticity in the sailfin molly, Poecilia latipinna (Pisces: Poeciliidae). II. Laboratory experiment. Trexler, J.C.; Travis, J. and Trexler, M. Evolution 44(1):157-167 (1990). NAL call number: QH301 B543 J.13, H.1 Descriptors: genetics, variation, selection. 235Relationship between ECG, EEG and SPS responses during arousal in the goldfish (Carassius auratus). Quick, I.A. and Laming, P.R. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A: Comparative Physiology 95A(3):459-471 (1990) NAL call number: QP1 C6 Descriptors: restraint, environmental stimuli, brady cardia, forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, physiology, habituation. 236Clinical studies of fish blood: Importance of sample collection and measurement techniques. Heming, T.A. American Journal of Veterinary Research American Veterinary Medical Association, Chicago, IL; 50(1):93-97 (1989). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3A Descriptors: effects, blood gas tensions, pH, hematology, plasma values, rainbow trout. 237Current and power determinations for electrically anesthetized fish. Lolz, M.L. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 51(3):168-169 (1989). NAL call number: 157.5 P94 Descriptors: zero resistance, ammeter, electrical measurements, direct current, power level. 238Efficacy of benzocaine as an anesthetic for salmonid fishes. Gilderhus, P.A. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 9(2):150-153 (1989). NAL call number: SH219 N66 Descriptors: effective concentrations, water temperature, water hardness, handling, recovery, water quality, fish size. 239Heart frequency as stress indicator in fishes. [Hjertefrekvensen som indikator paa stress hos fisk]. Aarstad, I.; Knudsen, F. and Enger, P.S. Norsk Fiskeoppdrett (Norwegian) 14(6):50-51 (1989). Descriptors: heart rate, behavior, distress. 240Multiple-tank aquarium system with recirculating water for laboratory studies of freshwater fishes. Rottman, R.W. and Capton, D.E. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 51(4):238-243 (1989). NAL call number: 157.5 P94 Descriptors: water level, filters, green swordtails, mosquitofish, ammonia concentration, nitrate concentration. 241Plasma catecholamine concentrations in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) at rest and after anesthesia and surgery. Gingerich, W.H. and Drottar, K.R. General and Comparative Endocrinology 73(3):390- 397 (1989). NAL call number: 444.8 G28 Descriptors: hormones, serological studies, biological stress, steroids, blood, fish physiology, Salmo gairdneri. 242Some observations on the narcotizing ability of electric currents on the common carp Cyprinus carpio. Barham, W.T.; Schoonbee, H.J. and Visser, J.G.J. The Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa 56(3):215-218 (1989). NAL call number: 41.8 ON1 Descriptors: alternating current, electronarcosis, convulsive spasms, hemorrhaging, carp, anesthesia. 243The use of electronarcosis as anaesthetic in the cichlid, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters). 3. The effects of changing physical and electrical parameters on the narcotizing ability of half-wave rectified currents. Barham, W.T.; Schoonbee, H.J. and Visser, J.G.J. The Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 56(1):66-71 (1989). NAL call number: 41.8 ON1 Descriptors: freshwater fish, electric current, narcosis, South Africa, physiology. 244Cage culture: Handling and feeding caged fish. Masser, M.P. SRAC Publication Vol. 164, 1988, 4 pp. NAL call number: SH151 S62 Descriptors: fish culture, food, growth, stress. 245Effect of stocking density on the growth and stress-response in brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis. Vijayan, M.M. and Leatherland, J.F. Aquaculture 75(1):159-170 (1988). NAL call number: SH1 A6 Descriptors: plasma protein levels, liver glycogen content, hepatosomatic index, splensomatic index, stocking density, cortisol, feed consumption. 246Fish Vaccination Ellis, A.E. (ed.), Academic Press, San Diego, CA; 1988, 255 pp. NAL call number: SH171 F59 Descriptors: diseases, prevention, inoculation, control. 247The Manual of Fish Health Andrews, C.; Exell, A. and Carrington, N. Tetra Press, Morris Plains, NJ; 1988, 208 pp. NAL call number: SH171 A52 Descriptors: fish biology, water chemistry, disease prevention, symptom recognition, treatment. 248Physiologic mechanisms governing the cardiovascular compensation to gravity in bluefish. Ogilvy, C.S.; Fox, S.H. and DuBois, A.B. The Biological Bulletin Marine Biological Lab, Woods Hole, General Scientific Meeting of the Marine Biological Lab. (Woods Hole, MA) August 22-24, 1988. Vol. 175, 1988, p. 308. Descriptors: heart, hemodynamics, aqueous environment. 249Stress in cultivated fish: Possible causes, biological reactions, preventative measures. [Le stress chez les poissons d'elevage. Origines possible, reactions, elements de prevention]. Bry, C. Recueil de Medecine Veterinaire (French) 164(10):863-869 (1988). Descriptors: observation, minimization, fish culture, metabolic changes. 250A method to minimize stress during fish transport. Winkler, P. The Progressive Fish-Culturist Southwest Harbor, ME; 49(2):154-155 (1987). NAL call number: 157.5 P94 Descriptors: thermal tolerance, mosquito fish, anaerobic respiration. 251Aspects of disease and parasite problems in cultured salmonids in Canada, with emphasis on the Pacific region, and regulatory measures for their control. Margolis, L. and Evelyn, T.P.T. Parasites and Diseases in Natural Waters and Aquaculture in Nordic Countries Stenmark, A. and Malmberg, G. (eds.), Symposium Stockholm, Sweden, December 2-4, 1986, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, 1987, pp. 4-19. Descriptors: parasitology, symptoms, treatments, etiology. 252Fish. In: The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory Animals Poole, T.B. Bath Press, Avon, Great Britain, 1987, pp. 784-847. NAL call number: QL55.U5 1987 Descriptors: fish, reptiles, amphibia, environment. 253Fish and natural protection. [Fisch und Naturechutz]. Reichenbach- Klinke, H.H. Tieraerztliche Praxis Muenchen University, Germany 15(1):99-106 (1987). Descriptors: toxins, coloration, morphology, behavior. 254Fish blood osmolality, gill histology and oocyte atresia as early warning acid stress indicators. McCormick, J.H.; Stokes, G.N.; Jensen, K.M. and Leino, R.L. Ecophysiology and Acid Stress in Aquatic Organisms Witters, H. and Vanderborght, O. (eds.), International Symposium, organized by the Belgian Royal Zoological Society, Antwerpen, Belgium, January 13-16, 1987, pp. 309-319. Descriptors: pH, osmosis, prevention, egg damage. 255Recirculation anaesthesia for laboratory fish. Brown, L.A. Laboratory Animals 21(3):210-215 (1987). NAL call number: QL55.A1L3 Descriptors: tricaine methanesulphonate, surgery, water quality, ammonia, catfish, equipment design. 256Using fish as models in biomedical research. May, E.B.; Bennett, R.D.; Lipsky, M.M. and Reimschuessel, R. Lab Animal 16(4):23-28 (1987). NAL call number: QL55 A1L33 Descriptors: cephalaspidomorphi, chondrichthyes, osteichthyes, salmondiae, cycle, design, filtration, water quality, construction. 257Anesthesia for fish. Sedgwick, C.J. The Veterinary Clinic of North America: Food Animal Practice W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA; 2(3):737-742 (1986). NAL call number: SF601.V535 Descriptors: handling, examination, diagnostic sampling, transport, sedation, techniques, biology. 258Disease resistance of fish (also include immune system). [Sjukdomsresistens hos fisk]. Lillehaug, A. Norsk Veterinaertidsskrift (Norwegian) 98(11):855-861 (1986). NAL call number: 41.8 N81 Descriptors: immunity, disease prevention, disease control. 259Immediate influence of tank scrubbing on some blood parameters of cultured European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L.: Effect of stress. [Influence immediate du brossage des bacs sur certains parametres sanguins de loup d'elevage, Dicentrarchus labrax L.: Effet de stress]. Hadj Kacem, N.; Aldrin, J.F. and Romestand, B. Aquaculture (French) 59(1):53-59 (1986). NAL call number: SH1 A6 Descriptors: distress, tank cleaning, blood chemistry. 260Propanidid, a new stressless anesthetic to improve fish propagation. Jeney, Z.; Jeney, G.; Olah, J.; Siwicki, A. and Danko, I. Aquaculture of Cyprinids [Papers of the International Colloquium on the Aquaculture of carps and related species held at Evry (France), September 2-5, 1985], 1986, (poster summary), pp. 167. NAL call number: SH167 C3C6 Descriptors: 3-4/4-methoxyphenyl/propil acetate, MS-222 comparison, handling, stress, adrenalin, noradrenalin, blood glucose, transaminases. 261Evolution of the renin-angiotensin system and its role in control of cardiovascular function in fishes. Nishimura, H. Evolutionary Biology of Primitive Fishes Foreman, R.E.; Gorbman, A.; Dodd, J.M. and Olsson, R. (eds.), Plenum Press, New York, NY; 1985, pp. 275-293. NAL call number: QH301.N32 V103 1985 Descriptors: protein enzyme, juxtaglomerular cells, renal lymph, venin substrate, L-globulin, octapeptide angiotensin, hydromineral homeostasis, teleost, tetrapods. 262Hagfish insulin: Evolution of insulin. Emdin, S.O.; Steiner, D.F.; Chan, S.J. and Falkmer, S. Evolutionary Biology of Primitive Fishes Foreman, R.E.; Gorbman, A.; Dodd, J.M. and Olsson, R. (eds.), Plenum Press, New York, NY; 1985, pp. 363-378. NAL call number: QH301.N32 V103 1985 Descriptors: regulation, carbohydrate transport, amino acid transport, biosynthesis, lipids, nutrition, receptors-effectors, anabolic needs. 263Niacin requirement for optimum growth, deed conversion and protection of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri from ultraviolet-B irradiation. Poston, H.A. and Wolfe, M.J. Journal of Fish Diseases 8(5):451-460 (1985). NAL call number: SH171 A1J68 Descriptors: niacinamide, dermatopathy, UV, depigment, fin erosion, desquamation, sunburn. 264Principal Diseases of Farm Raised Catfish Meyer, F.P. (ed.), Auburn University, Alabama Agricultural Experimental Station, Auburn, AL; 1985. Descriptors: disease prevention, fish culture, physiology. 265Regulation of blood and body fluids in primitive fish groups. NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Evolutionary Biology of Primitive Fishes, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada, April 14-17, 1985. Faenge, R. Evolutionary Biology of Primitive Fishes Foreman, R.E.; Gorbman, A.; Dodd, J.M. and Olsson, R. (eds.), Plenum Press, New York, NY; 1985, pp. 253-274. NAL call number: QH302 N32 V103 1985 Descriptors: ichthyology, non-teleostean fishes, tetrapods, hagfishes, lampreys, agnathans, teleosts, composition, lymph, water balance. 266Adaptation to thermal stress in the freshwater eurythermal teleost Sarotherodon mossambicus: Lactate dehydrogenase activity (Fish). Radhakrishnaiah, K. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Animal Sciences) 93(2):115-119 (1984). NAL call number: QL1.I48 Descriptors: LDH activity, osmoregulation, enzyme activity, size, dependence, metabolism. 267Anaesthetic and Sedative Techniques for Fish Ross, L.G. and Ross, B. University of Stirling, Institute of Aquaculture, Scotland, 1984, 35 pp. NAL call number: SH156.9.R6 1984 Descriptors: physiology, anesthesia, welfare, pain, stress, procedures. 268ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts United Nations Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Bethesda, MD; Vol. 1 No. 1, 1984. NAL call number: SH135 A8 Descriptors: fish culture, data base, bibliographies. 269Disease in marine aquaculture. Sinderman, C.J. Helgol„nder Meeresuntersuchungen Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Hamburg, Germany, 37:505-532 (1984). NAL call number: QH91 A1H4 Descriptors: pathogen control, prevention, fish culture, pH, housing, stress. 270Fish. Canadian Council on Animal Care. Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa, Ontario, 1984, Vol. 2, pp. 1-10. NAL call number: SF406 C36 Descriptors: housing, feeding, anesthesia, analgesia, euthanasia, disease. 271Nutritional requirements of experimental fish. Dupress, H.K. (ed.), NCI Monographs U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; 1984. NAL call number: R261 A1N37 Descriptors: analysis, nutritional breakdown, captive fish. 272Principal bacterial diseases of cultured marine fish. Fryer, J.L. and Rohovec, J.S. Helgol„nder Meeresuntersuchungen Biologische Helgoland, Hamburg, Germany, 37:533-545 (1984). NAL call number: QH91 A1H4 Descriptors: gram negative bacteria, gram positive bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, etiological agents, pathogen control. 273Physiological responses of experimental fish to stressful conditions. Gratzek, J.B. and Reinert, R. NCI Monographs U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Vol. 65, 1984. NAL call number: RC261 A1N37 Descriptors: glucocorticoids, adrenal, husbandry, housing. 274Tables of sample size requirements for detection of fish infected by pathogens: Three confidence levels for different infection prevalence and various population sizes. Simon, R.C. and Schill, W.B. Journal of Fish Diseases 7(6):515-520 (1984). NAL call number: SH171 A1J68 Descriptors: carriers, sublethal infections, detection methods. 275The adaptation to salinity: Response of fish gill mitochondria to salinity stress (Tilipia mossambica, Sarotherodon mossambicus). Suresh, N. and Jayaraman, J. Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes 15(6):363-377 (1983). NAL call number: QH511.A1J68 Descriptors: freshwater fish, response, ion-osmotic shock, phosphorylate, transhydrogenase, salinity adaption, calcium uptake. 276Etomidate as an anesthetic for fish: Its toxicity and efficacy (Ictalurus punctatus, Notemigonus crysoleucas, Lepomis macrochirus). Limsuwan, C.; Grizzle, J.M. and Plumb, J.A. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 112(4):544-550 (1983). NAL call number: 414.9 AM3 Descriptors: channel catfish, golden skinners, LC50, induction, recovery, water hardness, pH, opercular movement, survival, exposure time. 277Experimental anesthesia of three species of freshwater fish with etomidate (Notemigonus crysoleucas, Morone saxatilis, Ictalurus punctatus). Plumb, J.A.; Schwedler, T.E. and Limsuwan, C. The Progressive Fish Culturist United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 45(1):30-33 (1983). NAL call number: 157.5 P94 Descriptors: ethyl-1-methylbenzye-imidazole-5-carboxylate, non- barbiturate, hypnotic agent, golden skins, channel catfish, sedation. 278The Influence of Stress Factors on the Physiological Status of Cultured Fish. [Die Einwirkung von Stressoren auf den Physiologischen Zustand von Nutzfischen] Blum, V. and Borchard, B. West Germany, 1983, 73 pp. NAL call number: SH171.B5 Descriptors: physiology, pH, housing, nutrition, aquaculture. 279Possibility of applying anesthesia by carbon dioxide in the transportation of live fish. Takeda, T. and Itazawa, Y. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 49(5):725-731 (1983). NAL call number: 414.9 J274 Descriptors: sedation, transport, handling, sodium bicarbonate, sulphuric acid, suitability, safety, labor intensive, effectiveness. 280The role of the pituitary-interrenal axis during osmotic stress in the teleost fish (Sarotherodon mossambicus, Cyprinus carpio). Gupta, O.P. and Hanke, W. Zoologische Jahrbucher: Abteilung fur Allgemeine Zoologie und Physiologie der Tiere 87(1):79-91 (1983). NAL call number: 410 Z751Z Descriptors: plasma cortisol, urea stress, mannitol stress, response, intoxication, pituitary-interrenal axis, hypophysectomized, acclimation. 281Sustained anesthesia with 2-phenoxyethanol in yearling rainbow trout (fish, Salmo gairdneri). Takashima, F.; Zhaoming, W.; Kasai, H. and Asakawa, O. Journal of the Tokyo University of Fisheries 69(2):737-742 (1983). NAL call number: 414.9 T57 Descriptors: long-term, appearance, behavior, cortisol levels, agitation, stress, transport. 282Etomidate: Effective dosages for a new fish anesthetic. Amend, D.F.; Goven, B.A. and Elliot, D.G. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 111(3):337-341 (1982). NAL call number: 414.9 AM3 Descriptors: dose response, immobilizing fish, paraffin embedding techniques, hematoxylin, eosin, acid-shiff stains, black tetra. 283Hepatic microsomes from freshwater fish, II. Reduction of benzo(a)pyrene metabolism by the fish anesthetics quinaldine sulfate and tricaine (Brook trout, {Salvelinus fontinalis}). Fabacher, D.L. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. C: Comparative Pharmacology 73(2):285-288 (1982). NAL call number: QP901.C6 Descriptors: brook trout, decapitation, in vitro, spectral analysis. 284Levels of CO2 (carbon dioxide) in arterial blood of carp under carbon dioxide anesthesia (Transportation of live fish). Mitsuda, H.; Ueno, S.; Mizuno, H.; Ueda, T.; Fujikawa, H.; Nohara, T. and Fukada, C. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 28(1):35-39 (1982). NAL call number: 389.8 J825 Descriptors: transport, PaO2, PaCO2, pH, electrocardiogram, opercular rate, Cyprinus carpio. 285Physiological effects of acid stress on fish. Leivestad, H. In: Acid Rain/Fisheries: Proceedings of an International Symposium on Acidic Precipitation and Fishery Impacts in Northeastern North America, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; August 2-5, 1981, Johnson, R.E. (ed.), American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD; 1982, pp. 157-164. NAL call number: SH174.I5 Descriptors: necrotic gill damage, mortality, oogenesis, pH toxicity. 286Respiration of carp under anesthesia induced by mixed bubbling of carbon dioxide and oxygen (Cyprinus carpio, means for live transport of fish). Itazawa, Y. and Takeda, T. Bulletin - Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 48(4):489-493 (1982). NAL call number: 414.9 J274 Descriptors: transportation, anesthetic, reduced stress, CO2. 287Use and efficacy of methomidate as an anesthetic on ten Mediterranean fish species. [Utilisation et efficacite du metomidate comme anesthesiant sur dix especes de poissons mediterraneens]. Escoubet, P. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Veterinaries et de Medicine Comparee de Lyon 84(6):357-362 (1982). NAL call number: 41.9 L99 Descriptors: anesthesia, effects, transport, handling, care. 288Use of adenylate concentrations and adenylate energy charge as indicators of hypoxic stress in estuarine fish. Vetter, R.D. and Hodson, R.E. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences [Journal Canadien des Sciences Halieutiques et Aquatiques] 39(4):535-541 (1982). NAL call number: 442.9 C16J Descriptors: ATP concentrations, stoichiometric, stress assessment. 289Adrenergic responses to stress in fish (mortality, osmoregulatory disturbances). Mazeaud, M.M. and Mazeaud, F. Stress and Fish Academic Press, London, England, 1981, pp. 49-75. NAL call number: QL615.S7 Descriptors: catacholamines, stress actions, physiologic parameters. 290Aquarium Systems Hawkins, A.D. (ed.), Academic Press, New York, NY; 1981, 452 pp. NAL call number: SF457 A67 Descriptors: laboratory animals, fish culture, shellfish culture. 291Aspects of water quality producing stress in intensive fish culture (physiological disturbances). Smart, G.R. Stress and Fish Academic Press, London, England, 1981, pp. 277-293. NAL call number: QL615.S7 Descriptors: dissolved oxygen, rainbow trout, salmonid farming, nephrocalcinosis. 292Effects of stress on osmotic and ionic regulation in fish. Eddy, F.B. In: Stress and Fish Pickering, A.D. (ed.), Academic Press, London, England, 1981, pp. 77-102. NAL call number: QL615.S7 Descriptors: regulation, endocrinology, effects, pollution, temperature, anaesthesia, handling. 293Introduction: The concept of biological stress (fish). Pickering, A.D. In: Stress and Fish Pickering, A.D. (ed.), Academic Press, London, England, 1981, pp. 1-9. NAL call number: QL615.S7 Descriptors: terminology, stress responses, relevance. 294Non-antibody molecules and the defence mechanisms of fish (metabolism, stress). Fletcher, T.C. In: Stress and Fish Pickering, A.D. (ed.), Academic Press, London, England, 1981, pp. 171-183. NAL call number: QL615.S7 Descriptors: skin, mucous, blood, fever. 295Physiological stress in captive fish. Wardle, C.S. In: Aquarium Systems Hawkins, A.D. (ed.), Academic Press, New York, NY; 1981, pp. 403- 414. NAL call number: SF457.A67 Descriptors: osmoregulation, physiology, hypoxia, pH, housing, handling. 296The pituitary-interrenal axis as an indicator of stress in fish. Donaldson, E.M. In: Stress and Fish Pickering, A.D. (ed.), Academic Press, London, England, 1981, pp. 11-47. NAL call number: QL615.S7 Descriptors: hypothalamus, pituitary, interrenal, hypothalamic-pituitary- interrenalaxis, HPI axis, stress evaluation response. 297The Seawater Manual: Fundamentals of Water Chemistry for Marine Aquarists Mowka, E.J. Aquarium Systems, Inc., Mentor, OH; 1981, 43 pp. NAL call number: in process Descriptors: water quality, salinity, health, marine fishes. 298Some aspects of thermal stress on freshwater teleosts. Elliott, J.M. In: Stress and Fish Pickering, A.D. (ed.), Academic Press, London, England, 1981, pp. 209-245. NAL call number: QL615.S7 Descriptors: thermal limits, tolerance, resistance, body temperature, thermoregulation. 299Stress and compensation in teleostean fishes: Responses to social and physical factors. Schreck, C.B. In: Stress and Fish Pickering, A.D. (ed.), Academic Press, London, England, 1981, pp. 295-321. NAL call number: QL615.S7 Descriptors: components, stress conceptualization, stress control. 300Stress and the modulation of defence mechanisms in fish (physiological systems). Ellis, A.E. In: Stress and Fish Pickering, A.D. (ed.), Academic Press, London, England, 1981, pp. 147-169. NAL call number: QL615.S7 Descriptors: hormones, immunosuppressive factors, macrophages, temperature, antibiotics. 301Stress, environment and reproduction in teleost fish. Billard, R.; Bry, C. and Gillet, C. In: Stress and Fish Pickering, A.D. (ed.), Academic Press, London, England, 1981, pp. 185-208. NAL call number: QL615.S7 Descriptors: photoperiod, water quality, synergism, mechanisms. 302Vivisection, anaesthetics and minor surgery. Tytler, P. and Hawkins, A.D. In: Aquarium Systems Hawkins, A.D. (ed.), University Stirling, Glasgow, UK; 1981, pp. 247-278. NAL call number: SF457 A67 Descriptors: surgical technique, humane care and use, animal rights. 303Anesthetic and sedative drug dosage - fish and crustaceans. In: Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa, Ontario, 1980, Vol. 1, pp. 100. NAL call number: SF406 C36 Descriptors: housing, stress, handling, analgesia, guidelines. 304Anesthetics for Fish = Bedoevningsmedel Foer Fisk Johansson, N. NOAA, Washington, DC; 16 leaves, 1980. NAL call number: TRANSL 26797 Descriptors: selection, methods, guidelines, suitability, technique. 305Antimicrobial drug dosage - reptile, fish. In: Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa, Ontario, 1980, Vol. 1, pp. 102. NAL call number: SF406 C36 Descriptors: dosages, antifungal, antibacterial, recommendations, guidelines. 306The aquatic environment in health and disease. Leibovitz, L. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association The Association, Ithaca, NY; 176(9):824-826 (1980). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 Descriptors: maintenance, water quality, diagnosis, temperature, hemostasis, growth. 307Fish reproduction and stress. Gerking, S.D. Environmental Physiology of Fishes 35:569-587 (1980). NAL call number: QH301.N32 Descriptors: spawning periodicity, fathead minnow, thermal limit, oogenesis. 308Carbonic acid anesthesia for aquatic organisms. Post, G. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 41(3):142-144 (1979). NAL call number: 157.5 P94 Descriptors: sedation, quantity calculation, method of induction, benefits. 309Culture of algae for larval fish and shellfish rearing. Helm, M.M.; Laing, I.; Jones, E.; Baynes, S.M.; Emerson, L. and Scott, A.P. Fisheries Research Technical Report No. 53 Fisheries and Food Ministry of Agriculture Directorate of Fisheries Research (ed.), Lowestoft, Suffolk, Great Britain; 1979. NAL call number: SH255 F47 Descriptors: fishfood, fish culture, nutrition, larval development. 310Sedation of warm-water fish species in aquaculture research. Ross, L.G. and Geddes, J.A. Aquaculture 16:183-186 (1979). NAL call number: SH1 A6 Descriptors: anesthesia, benzocaine, dosages, temperature, recommendations, recovery. 311The leukocytes of fish: A review. Ellis, A.E. Journal of Fish Biology 11:453-491 (1977). NAL call number: QL614 J68 Descriptors: thrombocytes, lymphocytes, immunity, monocytes, macrophages, morphology, mastcells, eosinophils. 312Rapid start-up of a biological filter in a closed aquaculture system. Carmignani, G.M. and Bennett, J.P. Aquaculture 11:85-88 (1977). NAL call number: SH1 A6 Descriptors: nitrifying bacteria, activation time, equilibrium. 313The immune response in fish: A review. Corbel, M.J. Journal of Fish Biology 7:539-563 (1975). NAL call number: QL614 J68 Descriptors: cell-mediated immunity, humoral antibody system. 314Fishes: Guidelines for the Breeding, Care, and Management of Laboratory Animals: A Report Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources (U.S.), National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC; 1974, 85 pp. NAL call number: SF407 F5N37 Descriptors: lab animal, standards, use, handling, growth, maintenance. 315Routine hematological methods for use with fish blood. Blaxhall, P.C. and Daisley, K.W. Journal of Fish Biology 5:771-781 (1973). NAL call number: QL614 J68 Descriptors: normal values, blood sampling. 316The hematological assessment of the health of freshwater fish. A review of selected literature. Blaxhall, P.C. Journal of Fish Biology 4:493-604 (1972). NAL call number: QL614 J68 Descriptors: hematology, normal values, blood sampling. 317A small unit closed system for catfish. Lomax, K.M. and Harman, O.R. Bulletin - University of Delaware, Agricultural Experiment Station University of Delaware, Newark, DE; Vol. 394, 1971, 6 pp. NAL call number: 100 D37S Descriptors: design, growth, development, disease, flexibility. 318Differential blood cell counts of 50 species of fishes from the Red Sea. Saunders, D.C. Copeia 1968(3):491-498 (1968). Descriptors: normal values. 319Erythrocyte counts and hemoglobin content in nine species of marine teleosts. Eisler, R. Chesapeake Science Maryland Department of Research and Education, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomon, MD; 6(2):119-120 (1965). NAL call number: 409.6 C42 Descriptors: mean length, erythrocyte number, hemoglobin content 320A technique for age determination in the skate, Raja eglanteria. Daiber, F.C. Copeia 1960(3):258-260 (1960). Descriptors: aging, sexing, physical observations. CEPHALOPODS CEPHALOPODS AS BIOMEDICAL MODELS 321Deoxyglucose labelling of functional activity in the cephalopod central nervous system. Novicki, A.; Messenger, J.B.; Budelmann, B.U.; Terrell, M.L. and Kadekaro, M. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Series B: Biological Sciences 249:77-82 (1992). NAL call number: 501 L84B Descriptors: radioautography, brain activity, physiology, brain functional organization. 322Hearing in crustacea. Budelmann, B.U. In: The Evolutionary Biology of Hearing Webster, D.B.; Fay, R.R. and Popper, A.N. (eds.), Spinger- Verlag, New York, NY; 1992, pp. 131-139. Descriptors: auditory, anatomy and physiology, receptor systems, sound production, sound reception. 323Hearing in nonarthropod invertebrates. Budelmann, B.U. In: The Evolutionary Biology of Hearing Webster, D.B.; Fay, R.R. and Popper, A.N. (eds.), Springer-Verlag, New York, NY; 1992, pp. 141-155. Descriptors: superficial receptor systems, internal statocyst receptor systems, evolution, underwater sound, auditory anatomy. 324Observational learning in Octopus vulgaris. Fiorito, G. and Scotto, P. Science 256:545-547 (1992). NAL call number: Q1 A3S3 Descriptors: behavior, conditioned, untrained, task selection. 325Peripheral and central nervous responses evoked by small water movements in a cephalopod. Bleckmann, H.; Budelmann, B.U. and Bullock, T.H. Journal of Comparative Physiology. A: Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology 168:247-257 (1991). NAL call number: QP33 J68 Descriptors: lateral line, mechanoreception, epidermal lines, microphonic potential, cephalopods, Sepia officinalis. 326Sensory evoked potentials in unanesthetized unrestrained cuttlefish: A new preparation for brain physiology in cephalopods. Bullock, T.H. and Budelmann, B.U. Journal of Comparative Physiology. A: Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology 168:141-150 (1991). NAL call number: QP33 J68 Descriptors: techniques, visual evoked potentials, event related potentials, microelectrode monitoring without anesthetic or restraint. 327Structure, function, biological significance of the cuttlefish "lateral lines". Budelmann, B.U.; Riese, U. and Bleckmann, H. The Cuttlefish Boucaud-Camou, E. (ed.), 1991, pp. 201-209. Descriptors: convergent evolution, prey detection, Sepia, epidermal lines. 328Comparative Morphology and Function of Dermal Structures in Oceanic Squids (Cephalopoda) Roper, C.F.E. and Lu, C.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC; 1990, 40 pp. NAL call number: QL21 U5S6 no.493 Descriptors: dermis, anatomy, classification, structure, processes. 329Squid as Experimental Animals Gilbert, D.L.; Adelman, Jr., W.J. and Arnold, J.M. (eds.), Plenum Press, New York, NY; 1990, 516 pp. NAL call number: QL430.2 S66 Descriptors: laboratory animals, welfare, nervous system, mollusks, cytology. 330The statocysts of squid. Budelmann, B.U. In: Squid as Experimental Animals Gilbert, D.L.; Adelman, W.J. and Arnold, J.M. (eds.), Plenum Press, New York, NY; 1990, pp. 421-439. NAL call number: QL430.2 S66 Descriptors: movement, linear gravity, angular accelerations, morphology, gravity receptor systems, octopods, decapods. 331Hydrodynamic receptor systems in invertebrates. Budelmann, B.U. In: The Mechanosensory Lateral Line: Neurobiology and Evolution Coombs, S.; G”rner, P. and Mnz, H. (eds.), Springer-Verlag, New York, NY; 989, pp. 607-631. Descriptors: ciliated sensory cells, angular acceleration receptor systems, similarities to vertebrates. 332Non-associative learning in the squid Lolliguncula brevis (Mollusca, Cephalopoda). Long, T.M.; Hanlon, R.T.; Maat, A. and Pinsker, H.M. Marine Behavioral Physiology 16:1-9 (1989). Descriptors: behavior, anatomy, physiology. 333Toxic exposure to ethylene dibromide and mercury chloride: Effects on laboratory-reared octopuses. Adams, P.; Hanlon, R.T. and Forsythe, J.W. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 10(6):519-523 (1989). Descriptors: toxicity, behavior, disease, stress. 334A lateral line analogue in cephalopods: Water waves generate microphonic potentials in the epidermal head lines of Sepia and Lolliguncula. Budelmann, B.U. and Bleckman, H. Journal of Comparative Physiology. A: Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology 164:1-5(1988). NAL call number: QP33 J68 Descriptors: convergent evolution, ciliated cells, mechanoreception. 335Morphological diversity of equilibrium receptor systems in aquatic invertebrates. Budelmann, B.U. In: Sensory Biology of Aquatic Animals Atema, J.; Fay, R.R.; Popper, A.N. and Tavolga, W.N. (eds.), Springer Verlag Pub., New York, NY; 1988, pp. 757-782. Descriptors: gravity receptor systems, cell organelles, cuticular sensory hairs, hair cells, kinocilia, physiology, angular, receptor system. 336The angular acceleration receptor system of Octopus vulgaris: Morphometry, ultrastructure, and neuronal and synaptic organization. Budelmann, B.U.; Sachse, M. and Staudigl, M. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London; Series B: Biological Sciences 315:305-343 (1987). Descriptors: crista/cupula system, receptor hair cells. 337Evidence for acetylcholine as neurotransmitter in the statocyst of Octopus vulgaris. Auerbach, B. and Budelmann, B.U. Cell and Tissue Research 243:429-436 (1986). NAL call number: QH581 A1Z4 Descriptors: statocyst receptor systems, efferent fibre system, ACh, sensory and receptor epithelia. 338Neural control of cephalopod behavior. Boyle, P.R. In: The Mollusca, Vol. 9. Neurobiology and Behavior Willows, A.O.D. (ed.), Academic Press, Orlando, FL; 1986, pp. 1-99. Desciptors: axons, camouflage, predator/prey relationship. 339Advances in the laboratory culture of octopuses for biomedical research. Hanlon, R.T. and Forsythe, J.W. Laboratory Animal Science 35(1):33-40 (1985). NAL call number: 410.9 P94 Descriptors: Octopus bimaculoides, growth, behavior, management. 340The response of the Octopus angular acceleration receptor system to sinusoidal stimulation. Williamson, R. and Budelmann, B.U. Journal of Comparative Physiology. A: Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology 156:403-412 (1985). NAL call number: QP33 J68 Descriptors: crista/cupula, electrophysiological, functional response, statocysts, semi circular canal system. 341The Squid Axon Baker, P.F. (ed.), Academic Press, Orlando, FL; 1984, 593 pp. NAL call number: QH506 C8 v.22 Descriptors: nervous system, cytology, membranes, transport. 342The statocyst-oculomotor system of Octopus vulgaris: Eye muscles, eye muscle nerves, statocysts nerves, and the oculomotor centre in the central nervous system. Budelmann, B.U. and Young, J.Z. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London; Series B: Biological Sciences 306:159-189 (1984). Descriptors: anatomy, stimulation, extraocular, chromatophores. 343Histochemical evidence for catecholamines as neurotransmitters in the statocyst of Octopus vulgaris. Budelmann, B.U. and Bonn, U. Cell and Tissue Research 227:475-483 (1982). NAL call number: QH581 A1Z4 Descriptors: formaldehyde-induced flourescence, neural plexus, statocyst receptor system, efferent fibre system, physiology. 344Lolliguncula brevis - a new squid species for the neuroscience laboratory. Hulet, W.H.; Hanlon, R.T. and Hixon, R.F. Trends in Neurosciences 3(4):4-5 (1980). NAL call number: RC321 T74 Descriptors: culture, case, handling, neurobiology. 345Hair cell polarization in the gravity receptor systems of the statocysts of the cephalopods Sepia officinalis and Loligo vulgaris. Budelmann, B.U. Brain Research 160:261-270 (1979). Descriptors: sensory epithelia, decapods, receptor cell, physiology. 346Octopus: Physiology and Behaviour of an Advanced Invertebrate Wells, M.J. Halsted Press, New York, NY; 1978, 417 pp. NAL call number: QL430.3 O2W44 Descriptors: mollusks, anatomy, models of learning. 347The Biology of Cephalopods: the Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the Zoological Society of London on April 10-11, 1975 Messenger, J.B. and Nixon, M. (eds.), Zoological Society of London, Academic Press, London, England; 1977, 615 pp. NAL call number: QL430 B5 Descriptors: anatomy, physiology, function, structure, zoology, evolution, bioluminescence, nerve fibers, giant axon, optic testing, neuronal calcium metabolism. 348Gravity receptor function in cephalopods with particular reference to Sepia officinalis. Budelmann, B.U. Fortschritte der Zoologie 23:84-96 (1975). NAL call number: 410 F77 Descriptors: statocyst structure and function, cuttlefish, gravity receptor systems, nautiloids, octopus. 349Invertebrate Learning Corning, W.C.; Dyal, J.A. and Willows, A.O.D. Plenum Press, New York, NY; 1973-1975, 3 volumes. NAL call number: QL364.2 I59 Descriptors: psychology, behavior, octopus, squid. 350The Anatomy of the Nervous System of Octopus Vulgaris Young, J.Z. Clarendon Press, Oxford, England, 1971, 690 pp. NAL call number: QL430.3 O2Y6 Descriptors: axons, invertebrates, physiology, behavior. CEPHALOPOD CARE AND USE 351"Larval" and Juvenile Cephalopods: A Manual for Their Identification Sweeney, M.J. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC; 1992, 282 pp. NAL call number: QL21 U5S6 no.513 Descriptors: octopus, squid, larvae, classification, zoology. 352Culture of Cephalopods at the Marine Biomedical Institute. Moon, M.A. Reporter 15(11):13-14 (1991). NAL call number: IPSG1655 Descriptors: aquaculture, squids, neurology, octopus, diet, maintenance. 353Design and economic analyses of airlift versus electrical pump driven recirculating aquaculture systems. Turk, P.E. and Lee, P.G. In: Engineering Aspects of Intensive Aquaculture Proceedings from the Aquaculture Symposium at Cornell University, Northeast Regional Aquaculture Engineering Service, Ithaca, NY; 49:271-283 (1991). Descriptors: offspring, egg incubation, water quality, operating costs. 354Pilot large-scale culture of Sepia in biomedical research. Forsythe, J.W.; Hanlon, R.T. and DeRusha, R. In: The Cuttlefish: Acta I. International Symposium Cuttlefish Sepia Boucaud-Camou, E. (ed.), Centre de Publications de l'Universite de Caen, France; 1991, pp. 313- 323. Descriptors: Sepia, cuttlefish, mariculture, reproduction, neurobiology. 355Squid and cuttlefish mariculture: An updated perspective. Hanlon, R.T.; Turk, P.E. and Lee. P.G. Journal of Cephalopod Biology 2(1):31- 40 (1991). Descriptors: maricuture, nutritin, water quality. 356The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Cephalopods in the Laboratory Boyle, P.R. Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, Potters Bar, Herts, England; 1991, 63 pp. NAL call number: SF407 M37B68 Descriptors: handling, use, animal welfare, general biology, husbandry. 357Diseases caused by microorganisms. Hanlon, R.T. and Forsythe, J.W. In: Diseases of Marine Animals, Vol. III: Cephalopoda to Urochordata Kinne, O. (ed.), Biologisch, Hamburg, W. Germany; 1990, pp. 23-46. Descriptors: wound healing, haemoglutinin, immune response, octopus, squid, cuttlefish. 358Diseases of mollusca: Cephalopoda. Hanlon, R.T. and Forsythe, J.W. In: Diseases of Marine Animals, Vol. III: Cephalopoda to Urochordata Kinne, O. (ed.), Biologisch, Hamburg, W. Germany; 1990, pp. 21-22. Descriptors: skin, origin, treatment, pathology. 359A formulary for treating cephalopod mollusc diseases. Forsythe, J.W.; Hanlon, R.T. and Lee, P.G. In: Pathology in Marine Science Perkins, F.O. and Cheng, T.C. (eds.), Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA; 1990, pp. 51-63 NAL call number: SH171 I56 Descriptors: treatment, skin diseases, bacteria, parasites, therapeutic agents, safe concentrations, method of application. 360Maintenance, rearing and culture of Teuthoid and Sepioid squids. Hanlon, R.T. In: Squid as Experimental Animals Gilbert, D.; Adelman, H. and Arnold, J. (eds.), Plenum Press, New York, NY; 1990, pp. 35- 62. NAL call number: L430.2 S66 Descriptors: transport, maintenance, Loligo, Sepia rearing, culture. 361Structural abnormalities and neoplasia. Hanlon, R.T. and Forsythe, J.W. In: Diseases of Marine Animals, Vol. III: Cephalopoda to Urochordata Kinne, O. (ed.), Biologisch, Hamburg, W. Germany; 1990, pp. 203-204. Descriptors: oddities, bifurcations, sysfunction, eye abnormalities. 362Alternative diets for maintaining and rearing cephalopods in captivity. DeRusha, R.H.; Forsythe, J.; DiMarco, F.P. and Hanlon, R.T. Laboratory Animal Science 39(4):306-312 (1989). NAL call number: 410.9 P94 Descriptors: polychaete worms, marine crabs, brine shrimp, crayfish, Octopus maya, Octopus bimaculoides, growth rates, cuttlefish, juveniles. 363Design and function of closed seawater systems for culturing loliginid squids. Yang, W.T.; Hanlon, R.T.; Lee, P.G. and Turk, P.E. Aquacultural Engineering 8:47-65 (1989). NAL call number: SH1 A6 Descriptors: housing, care, husbandry, growth rate, recirculatory systems, bioloads, water quality, behavior, physiology, maintenance, rearing. 364Laboratory culture and estimated life span of the Eastern Atlantic squid Loligo forbesi (Mollusca: Cephalopoda). Hanlon, R.T.; Yang, W.T.; Turk, P.E.; Lee, P.G. and Hixon, R.F. Aquaculture Fish. Manag. 20:15-33 (1989). Descriptors: eggs, hatching, feeding, growth, survival, behavior, sexual maturation, survivability. 365Advances in the laboratory culture of octopuses for biomedical research. Hanlon, R.T. and Forsythe, J.W. Laboratory Animal Science 35(1):33-40 (1985). NAL call number: 410.9 P94 Descriptors: octopus-bimaculoides, behavior, growth, management, culture, mortality, reproduction. 366Laboratory maintenance and culture of octopuses and loliginid squids. Hanlon, R.T. and Hixon, R.F. In: Culture of Marine Invertebrates: Selected Readings Berg, Jr., C.J. (ed.), Hutchinson Ross Publishing Co., Stroudsburg, PA; 1983, pp. 44-61. NAL call number: QL362.8 C84 Descriptors: capture, maintenance, care, requirements, culture, housing, tank design. 367Survival, growth, and behavior of the loliginid squids Loligo plei, Loligo pealei, and Lollinguncula brevis (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in closed sea water systems. Hanlon, R.T.; Hixon, R.F. and Hulet, W.H. Biological Bulletin 165(3):637-685 (1983). NAL call number: 442.8 B52 Descriptors: recirculation systems, survival rates, growth rates, health, aggression, transport, feeding, behavior. 368Marine Invertebrate: Laboratory Animal Management Committee on Marine Invertebrates - Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Assembly of Life Sciences, and National Research Council. National Academy Press, Washington, DC; 1981, 382 pp. NAL call number: SF407 M37M37 Descriptors: normal values, fish, squid, care, suppliers, permit organizations. 369Methods for the aquarium maintenance of the common octopus of British waters, Eledone cirrhosa. Boyle, P.R. Laboratory Animals Laboratory Animals, Ltd., London 15:327-331 (1981). NAL call number: QL55 A1L3 Descriptors: salinity, pH, temperature, growth rates, feeding, breeding, maturation, life span, survival, transport, handling, anaesthesia 370A closed marine culture system for rearing Octopus joubini and other large-egged benthic octopods. Forsythe, J.W. and Hanlon, R.T. Laboratory Animals 14:137-142 (1980). NAL call number: QL55 A1L3 Descriptors: water conditioning, water quality, pH, nitrate levels, hatchlings, feeding, disinfection, absorption. 371Laboratory maintenance of wild-caught loliginid squids. Hanlon, R.T.; Hixon, R.F. and Hulet, W.H. In: Fisheries and Marine Service Technical Report 833 Balch, N.; Amaratunga, T. and O'Dor, R.K. (eds.), Dalhousie Univeristy, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; 1978, pp. 20.1- 20.14. Descriptors: distribution, stress, capture, physical conditions, care maintenance, growth, tank systems, raceway system, circular system. AUTHOR LISTING Aarstad, I. 239 Able, D.J. 149 Adams, P. 333 Aldrin, J.F. 259 Almouzni, G. 133 Alvarez, J. 129 Amend, D.F. 282 American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 231 American Fisheries Society 183 American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists 38, 197 Amherdt, M. 195 Anderson, N.L. 71 Andrews, C. 247 Angelier, N. 122 Anggard, E.E. 167 Arena, P.C. 16 Arnott, H.J. 222 Ary, T. 131 Asakawa, O. 281 Asashima, M. 124 Assembly of Life Sciences 368 Auerbach, B. 337 Bailey, J.R. 27 Baker, R. 192 Banerjee, S.N. 139 Bantle, J.A. 6 Barbeau, A. 137 Barham, W.T. 242, 243 Bartos, J.M. 216 Baynes, S.M. 309 Beem, M. 230 Bello, A.A. 79 Bello-Klein, A. 79 Bennett, J.P. 312 Bennett, R.A. 77, 86, 87 Bennett, R.D. 198, 256 Bernoth, E.M. 229 Biffo, S. 130 Billard, R. 200, 301 Bitensky, M.W. 20 Blaxhall, P.C. 315, 316 Bleckman, H. 325, 327, 334 Blum, V. 278 Bodine, A.B. 185 Bonn, U. 347 Bonnanfant-Jais, M.L. 122 Borchard, B. 278 Boyer, H. 137 Boyle, P.R. 338, 356, 369 Bradbury, S.P. 191 Brakenhoff, R.H. 118 Brooks, A.S. 216 Brown, L.A. 255 Bry, C. 249 Budelmann, B.U. 321, 322, 323, 325, 326, 327, 330, 331, 334, 335, 336, 337, 340, 342, 343, 345, 348 Bullock, T.H. 325, 326 Bunton, T.E. 170, 176, 177 Burch, M.B. 217 Burghardt, G.M. 53 Burton, R.F. 199 Busack, S.D. 106 Bush, M. 34 Buu, N.T. 137 Cadenas, I.D. 48 Cairns, J. 215 Callard, I.P. 52 Campbell, H.W. 106 Campbell, T. 232 Capton, D.E. 240 Canadian Council on Animal Care 28, 97, 98, 100, 152, 153, 270, 303, 305 Cardeilhac, P. 80, 90 Carmignani, G.M. 312 Carrington, N. 247 Chakrabarti, A. 139 Chakrabarti, S. 139 Chan, S.J. 262 Charbonneau, M. 128 Chiszar, D. 102 Cho, C.H. 124 Cline, H.T. 5 Cloudsley-Thompson, J.L. 110 Coborn, J. 95 Collette, B.B. 166 Contie, V.L. 169 Cooper, J.E. 19, 30, 35, 101 Corbel, M.J. 313 Corning, W.C. 353 Couch, J.A. 203, 207 Cox, M.J. 78 Crews, D. 53 Culley, D.D. 146 Czajka, A.F. 45 Daiber, F.C. 320 Daisley, K.W. 315 Dallaire, L. 137 Danger, J.M. 130 Danko, I. 260 Davies, J. 140 Davys, J.S. 136 Dawe, C.J. 203 Dawid, I.B. 134 Dawson, D.A. 113, 145 Daye, P.G. 212 De Lanney, L.E. 137 Demeter, B. 36, 69 dePablo, F. 114, 119 DeRusha, R.H. 354, 362 De Santis, A. 123 DeVries, H.R. 18 DiMarco, F.P. 362 Dobbs, J.S. 109 Donaldson, E.M. 296 Dowdall, M. 187 Dowling, J.E. 202 Dresser, R. 18 Drottar, K.R. 241 DuBois, A.B. 248 Duhon, S. 151 Duke University Marine Laboratory 162 Dumont, J.N. 6 Duncan, C.J. 26 Dyal, J.A. 349 Eales, J.G. 228 Eddy, F.B. 292 Egami, N. 189, 201 Eisler, R. 319 Elliot, D.G. 282 Elliott, J.M. 298 Ellis, A.E. 300, 311 Elsey, R.M. 81 Emdin, S.O. 262 Emerson, L. 309 Enger, P.S. 239 Escoubet, P. 287 Etches, R.J. 50 Etheridge, A.L. 154 Evans, R.H. 140 Evelyn, T.P.T. 251 Ewbank, R. 35 Exell, A. 247 Fabacher, D.L. 283 Faenge, R. 265 Falkmer, S. 262 Fasolo, A. 130 Fernandez-Casalderrey, A. 168 Ferner, J.W. 40, 107 Ferns, G.A.A. 167 Finch, R.A. 6 Fiorito, G. 324 Fletcher, T.C. 294 Fong, J.C. 117 Font, E. 53, 85 Forsythe, J.W. 333, 339, 354, 357, 358, 359, 361, 362, 365, 370 Fox, S.H. 248 Francis-Floyd, R. 227 Frazier, J.M. 170, 177 Frye, F.L. 68, 73, 99, 108 Fryer, J.L. 272 Fujikawa, H. 284 Fujita, I. 171 Fukada, C. 284 Gallin, E.K. 121 Garside, E.T. 212 Geddes, J.A. 310 Gehrke, P.C. 225 Gerking, S.D. 307 Gielen, F.L.H. 116 Gilderhus, P.A. 238 Gillet, C. 301 Gingerich, W.H. 241 Goldbeter, A. 115 Goven, B.A. 282 Grady, A.W. 224 Grandin, N. 128 Gratzek, J.B. 273 Greenberg, N. 53 Greer, I.E. 224 Grizzle, J.M. 276 Grover, D.A. 165 Gruber, D. 215 Gupta, O.P. 280 Guttman, H.N. 7, 8 Hadj Kacem, N. 259 Haggvlad, J. 56 Halliday, T.R. 39 Hanke, S.E. 51 Hanke, W. 280 Hanlon, R.T. 332, 333, 339, 344, 354, 355, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 370, 371 Harman, O.R. 317 Harris, J.B. 58, 59 Harris, J.C. 82 Hawkins, A.D. 302 Heilbronn, E. 56 Helm, M.M. 309 Heming, T.A. 236 Hemmer, M.J. 233 Hendricks, A.C. 215 Herberts, C. 122 Herrmann, H.J. 150 Hightower, L.W. 194 Himick, B.A. 228 Hixon, R.F. 344, 364, 366, 367, 371 Hodson, R.E. 288 Hoehn, R.C. 215 Hoff, G.L. 99 Holmgren, S. 210 Hong, S.J. 117 Hoyt, Jr., R.F. 69 Hughes, G.M. 213 Hulet, W.H. 344, 367, 371 Hyodo-Taguchi, Y. 189, 201 Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources 4, 29, 314, 368 International Air Transport Association 3 Irwin, I. 137 Itazawa, Y. 279, 286 Jackson, O.F. 101 Jacobs, E.H.M. 118 Jacobson, E.R. 88, 93, 99 Jarchow, J.L. 89 Jayaraman, J. 275 Jeney, G. 260 Jeney, Z. 260 Jenkins, J.R. 72 Jensen, K.M. 254 Jiang, M.S. 56 Joanen, T. 81 Johansson, N. 304 Johnson, M.A. 58 Jones, A.W. 140 Jones, E. 309 Jones, P.S. 184 Jones, R.E. 53 Kadekaro, M. 321 Kallman, K.D. 183 Kamiguti, A.S. 60 Kasai, H. 281 Kelly, J.J. 218 Kelly, M.E.M. 127 Kirkwood, J.K. 9, 70 Kleinzeller, A. 17 Klontz, G.W. 221 Knudsen, F. 239 Kouyoumdjian, J.A. 58 Kraybill, H.F. 214 Kreger, M.D. 64, 66, 67 Kriebel, M. 187 Lachner, E.A. 166 Lacroix, G.L. 212 Lacy, P.E. 172 Laing, I. 309 Laming, P.R. 235 Lance, V. 81 Lance, V.A. 83 Landolt, M.L. 196 Langston, E.B. 137 Langston, J.W. 137 Lautredou, N. 122 Leatherland, J.F. 245 LeBras, Y.M. 206 Lee, P.G. 353, 359, 363, 364 Le Gac, F. 190 Leibovitz, L. 306 Leino, R.L. 254 Leivestad, H. 285 Leong, I. 208 Letcher, J. 144 Leutscher, A. 41 Lillehaug, A. 258 Limsuwan, C. 276, 277 Linder, G. 6 Lipsky, M.M. 198, 256 Loguericio, C. 123 Loir, M. 190 Lolz, M.L. 237 Lomax, K.M. 317 Long, T.M. 332 Lu, C.C. 328 Lubsen, N.H. 118 Luer, C.A. 178 Maat, A. 332 Maciolek, N.J. 222 Mackay, R.S. 31 Mackin, R.B. 175 Mader, D.R. 92 Maddock, M.B. 218 Margolis, L. 251 Mason, R.T. 69 Masser, M.P. 244 Mattice, J.S. 217 Mattison, C. 91 May, E.B. 198, 256 Mazeaud, F. 289 Mazeaud, M.M. 289 McCormick, J.H. 254 McCourt, R. 15 McDonald, J.K. 188 McElligott, J.G. 192 McLaughlin, R.M. 224 McNease, L. 81 Mechali, M. 133 Mench, J.A. 64 Messenger, J.B. 321 Middaugh, D.P. 233 Milgram, S.L. 188 Miller, W.R. 215 Mima, S. 111 Mitsuda, H. 284 Mizuno, H. 284 Mommsen, T.P. 180 Monsein, D.L. 12 Moon, M.A. 352 Moore, C.A. 119 Moore, F.L. 120 Moreau, N. 122 Morena, P. 60 Moroitz, H.J. 25 Morsiani, E. 172 Mottet, N.K. 196 Mowka, Jr., E.J. 297 Murphy, P.M. 121 Murru, F. 232 Nace, G.W. 141 Nair, M.S.R. 208 N'Da, E. 122 Nahas, L. 60 Nardi, G. 123 National Research Council 368 New, J.G. 179 Newby, L. 138 Nickerson, M.A. 45 Nilsson, S. 210 Nishimura, H. 27, 261 Noe, B.D. 175, 188, 195 Nohara, T. 284 Norris, D.O. 125 Novicki, A. 321 Ogilvy, C.S. 248 Olah, J. 260 Orci, L. 195 Pak, M.W. 202 Pannell, L.K. 69 Pappas, G. 187 Pelletier, G. 130 Pence, D.B. 51 Penrad-Mobayed, M. 122 Peres, G. 211 Perez, L. 52 Perkins, K. 57 Perrelet, A. 195 Perroteau, I. 130 Peterson, R.H. 212 Petitte, J.N. 50 Pfeiffer, C.J. 124 Phillips, J.A. 49 Pickering, A.D. 293 Pinsker, H.M. 332 Pisani, G.R. 37 Platt, C. 35 Plumb, J.A. 276, 277 Poole, T.B. 24, 96, 252 Post, G. 308 Poston, H.A. 263 Pough, F.H. 33, 76, 126 Powers, D.A. 181 Quick, I.A. 235 Quitschke, W. 184 Radhakrishnaiah, K. 266 Regal, P.J. 104 Reichenbach-Klinke, H.H. 253 Reimschuessel, R. 198, 256 Reinert, R. 273 Reischl, E. 54 Renfro, J.L. 194 Richardson, K.C. 16 Richter, S.M.A. 154 Riese, U. 327 Riley, D. 52 Ringler, D.H. 155 Rodriquez-Martin, M.L. 122 Rohovec, J.S. 272 Rollason, S. 84 Romestand, B. 259 Roper, C.F.E. 328 Ross, B. 267 Ross, L.G. 267, 310 Roth, J. 114 Rottman, R.W. 240 Rudge, M.F. 26 Ruuls, R.C. 118 Rydqvist, B. 56 Sachse, M. 336 Sackin, H. 147 Sackin, N. 147 Sakamoto, M.K. 111 Sanders, K.M. 131 Sargent, T.D. 134 Saunders, D.C. 318 Scavo, L. 114 Schaeffer, D.O. 65 Schechter, N. 184 Schill, W.B. 274 Schoemakers, J.G.G. 118 Schoonbee, H.J. 242, 243 Schreck, C.B. 299 Schultz, T.W. 145 Schwartz, J.M. 85 Schwedler, T.E. 277 Scott, A.P. 309 Scotto, P. 324 Scudder, K.M. 102 Sedgwick, C.J. 257 Serrano, J. 114 Servit, Z. 63 Shenker, J.M. 233 Shimada, K. 124 Shirma, A. 182 Shonnard, P. 131 Shroeder, E.C. 145 Shuldiner, A.R. 114, 119 Simon, R.C. 274 Sinderman, C.J. 215, 269 Singh, S.M. 209 Sivalingam, P.M. 209 Siwicki, A. 260 Smart, G.R. 291 Smith, A.C. 161 Smith, D.A.S. 140 Smith, H.M. 102 Smith, P.A. 127 Sneyd, J. 48 Soll, M.D. 21 Sorrouille, P. 122 Sousa e Silva, M.C.C. 60 Spang Thomsen, M. 62 Spiess, J. 175 Staudigl, M. 336 Steiner, D.F. 262 Stevens, C.W. 1, 132, 142 Stewart, A.L. 167 Stewart, K.W. 152 Stokes, G.N. 254 Stone, J. 174 Strejckova, A. 63 Suresh, N. 275 Sweeney, M.J. 351 Takashima, F. 281 Takeda, T. 279, 286 Takita, T. 233 Tanimura, T. 111 Taylor, E.W. 186 Terrell, M.L. 325 Tesser, P. 184 Thomas, P. 216 Tiffany, H.L. 121 Torbet, J. 55 Townsend, C.R. 61, 105 Trabalka, J.R. 217 Tran, R.M. 51 Tranchina, D. 48 Travis, J. 234 Traynor, P. 127 Trexler, J.C. 234 Trexler, M. 234 Tsai, S.C. 217 Turk, P.E. 353, 355, 363, 364 Tytler, P. 302 Ueda, T. 284 Ueno, S. 284 University of Washington School of Medicine 193 University of Calgary 143 Vaudry, H. 130 Vaughan, G. 53 Veilleux, F. 137 Vetter, R.D. 288 Vielkind, J.R. 183 Vijayan, M.M. 245 Visfeldt, J. 62 Visser, J.G.J. 242, 243 von Bernhadti, R. 129 Wake, D.B. 42 Walsh, P.J. 173, 180 Wand, M.A. 102 Wang, F.F. 117 Wardle, C.S. 295 Warwick, C. 35 Watkins, J.C. 140 Weiser, M. 192 Welch, K.R.G. 94 Wellborn, S. 102 Wellner, E.F. 69 Wells, M.J. 346 Whitaker, B.R. 223 Widswo, Jr., J.P. 116 Wijesinghe, R.S. 116 Wilke, T.S. 113 Williams, T. 220 Williamson, R. 340 Willows, A.O.D. 349 Winkler, P. 250 Wolfe, M.J. 263 Wolke, R. 205 Wormuth, H.J. 229 Yang, W.T. 363, 364 Young, J.Z. 342, 350 Zasloff, M. 148 Zhaoming, W. 281 Zhou, H. 56 Zigmen, S. 165 Zwart, P. 19 INFORMATION RESOURCES American Federation of Herpetoculturists (AFH) P.O. Box 1131 Lakeside, CA 92040-0905 Specializes in information and issues concerning the breeding and natural history of reptiles and amphibians. Publications: Vivarium. American Fisheries Society (AFS) 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 110 Bethesda, MD 20814 Phone: (301) 897-8616 Publications: AFS Membership Directory and Handbook, annual. Fisheries: Bulletin of the American Fisheries Society, bimonthly. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, quarterly. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, quarterly. Progressive Fish-Culturist, quarterly. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, bimonthly. American Institute of Fisheries Research Biologists (AIFRB) Attn: Dr. Joseph W. Rachlin Lehman College of CUNY Department of Biological Sciences Bedford Park Blvd., W. Bronx, NY 10468 Phone: (212) 960-8239 Publications: Briefs, bimonthly newsletter. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (Herpetology) (ASIH) Department of Zoology Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901-6501 Phone: (618) 453-4113 Scientists, educators, students, and others interested in the study of reptiles, amphibians, and fishes. Committees: Common Names of Fishes; Environmental Quality; Herpetological and Ichthyological Resources; Program Excellence; Zoological Nomenclature. Affiliated With: International Union of Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Publications: Copeia, quarterly. Also, leaflets on career opportunities. Animal Welfare Information Center National Agricultural Library 10301 Baltimore Blvd., Room 205 Beltsville, MD 20705 Phone: (301) 504-6212 Part of the United States Department of Agriculture that can provide information, literature searches, workshops, and referrals related to animals used in biomedical research and exhibition. Publications: Animal Welfare Information Center Newsletter - quarterly. Animal welfare-related bibliographies and information publications. Aquarium Systems Academic Press New York, NY Publications: Aquarium Systems - NAL call number: SF457 A67 Aquatic Research Institute (ARI) 2242 Davis Ct. Hayward, CA 94545 Phone: (415) 785-2216 Publications: Aquaculture, quarterly. Aquatica, periodic. Special Reports, Periodic. ASFA (Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts) Aquaculture Abstracts United Nations Department of International Economic and Social Affairs Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, Italy and Cambridge Scientific Abstracts Bethesda, MD Publications: ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts - NAL call number: SH135 A8 Association of Amphibian and Reptilian Veterinarians Gladys Porter Zoo 500 Ringgold Street Brownsville, TX 78520 ATT: Michelle Frahm, D.V.M. Biological Models and Materials Research Program National Center for Research Resources U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health 5333 Westbard Avenue Westwood Building, Room 10A15 Bethesda, MD 20892 Phone: (301) 402-0630 Carolina Biological Supply Company 2700 York Road Burlington, NC 27215 Phone: (919) 584-0381 Supplier of various species of fish, amphibians and reptiles. Chicago Herpetological Society 2001 North Clark Street Chicago, IL 60614 Publishes periodic bulletins. Funding source for research on reptiles and amphibians. Department of Food Science & Technology College of Agricultural Sciences Oregon State University Attn: Dr. George S. Bailey Corvallis, OR 97331 Phone: (503) 737-3164 Fax: (503) 737-1877 NIEHS-funded Marine and Freshwater Biomedical Sciences Center specializing in metabolic toxicology. Duke University Marine Laboratory Pivers Island Attn: Dr. Joseph Bonaventura Beaufort, NC 28516 Phone: (919) 728-2111 Fax: (919) 728-2514 NIEHS-funded Marine and Freshwater Biomedical Sciences Center specializing in biochemical toxicology Fisheries Review Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fort Collins, CO Publications: Fisheries Review, periodical - NAL call number: Z5973 A3S6 Fund for Replacement of Animals in Biomedical Research Eastgate House 34 Stoney Street Nottingham NG1 1NB England Phone: 011 44 602 584740 Publications: Alternatives to Laboratory Animals Gulf Specimen Company P.O. Box 237 Panacea, FL 32346 Phone: (904) 984-5297 Supplier of various marine and freshwater species. Herpetocultural Library Advanced Vivarium Systems P.O. Box 76 Lakeside, CA 92040 Publications: Booklets covering care and maintenance of tree frogs, and care and breeding of select reptile and amphibian species. Herpetologists' League (Herpetology) (HL) Texas Natural Heritage Program Texas Park and Wildlife Department 4200 Smith School Road Austin, TX 78744 Phone: (512) 448-4311 Fax: (512) 389-4394 Persons interested in the study of amphibians and reptiles. Publications: Herpetologica, NAL call number: QL640 H4, quarterly. Herpetological Monographs, annual. Index to Herpetologica. Institute of Aquaculture University of Stirling Stirling, Scotland Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources National Academy of Sciences 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20418 Phone: (202) 334-2590 Publications: ILAR News, quarterly newsletter. Animals for Research: A Directory of Sources (suppliers). International Zoo Yearbook Zoological Society of London London, England 1959-present Publications: International Zoo Yearbook - NAL call number: QL76.I5 Contains sections on care, breeding, and exhibition of zoo and aquarium animals. Lacerta Nederlandse Vereniging voor Herpetoloogie en Terrariumkunde Utrecht, The Netherlands 1941-present Publications: Lacerta - NAL call number: QL640 L3 Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole, MA 02543 Phone: (508) 548-3705 Publications: Biological Bulletin Maintains extensive materials on the use of marine animals in biomedical research. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) P.O. Box 12233 Attn: Dr. Thorsten Ejellstedt Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Phone: (919) 541-0131 A source of funding for centers for marine and freshwater biomedical sciences. National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Department of Invertebrates Attn:Dr. Clyde Roper Mr. Mike Sweeney Washington, DC 20560 Phone: (202) 786-2076 Fax: (202) 357-3043 Northeast Marine Environmental Institution, Inc. P.O. Box 666 Monument Beach, MA 02553 Phone: (508) 759-4055 Northern California Herpetological Society P.O. Box 1363 Davis, CA 95617-1363 Pacific Bio-Marine Laboratories, Inc. P.O. Box 536 Venice, CA 90291 Phone: (213) 822-5757 Reptile & Amphibian Magazine RD3, Box 3709 Pottsville, PA 17901 1989-present Publications: Published quarterly. Articles on husbandry methods, advertisements from equipment and animal suppliers. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science University of Miami Attn: Dr. Daniel G. Baden 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, FL 33149 Phone: (305) 361-4738 (Center No.) (305) 361-4691 (Dr. Baden's Office) Fax: (305) 361-4600 NIEHS-funded Marine and Freshwater Biomedical Sciences Center specializing in seafood borne toxins and biochemical toxicology. Salamandra Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Herpetologie und Terrarienkunde Frankfurt am Main, Germany 1965-present Publications: Salamandra - NAL call number: QL640.S3 Scientists Center for Animal Welfare 4805 St. Elmo Avenue Bethesda, MD 20814 Phone: (301) 654-6390 Fax: (301) 654-3993 Purpose: conferences, publications, educational materials on animal welfare topics. Publications: Quarterly newsletter, conference proceedings. Publisher of The Care and Use of Amphibians, Reptiles, and Fish in Research. Sea Life Supply 740 Tioga Avenue Sand City, CA 93955 Phone: (408) 394-0828 Supplier of various marine and freshwater species. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (Herpetology) (SSAR) c/o Dr. Douglas Taylor Miami University Department of Zoology Oxford, OH 45056 Phone: (513) 529-4901 Purposes are education, conservation, and research. Publications: Herpetological Circulars, annual. Herpetological Review - NAL call number: QL640 H47, quarterly. Journal of Herpetology - NAL call number: QL640 J6, quarterly. Also, publishes books, reprints, and brochures. Universities Federation for Animal Welfare 8 Hamilton Close, South Mimms Potters Bar, Herts EN6 3QD Telephone: 0707 58202 Publications: The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory Animals - NAL call number: QL55.U5 1987 The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Cephalopods in the Laboratory - NAL call number: SF407 M37B68 University of Texas Marine Biomedical Institute Cephalopod Biology Program Att: Dr. Roger T. Hanlon UTMB Galveston, TX 77555-0863 Phone: (409) 772-2133 Fax: (409) 772-6993 University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Department of Chemistry Attn: Dr. David Petering P.O. Box 413 3210 N. Cramer Street Milwaukee, WI 53201 Phone: (414) 229-5853 Fax: (414) 229-5530 NIEHS-funded Marine and Freshwater Biomedical Sciences Center specializing in biochemical toxicology. Winkler Enterprises 722 S. Ellery Dr. San Pedro, CA 90732 Phone: (213) 548-5070 Specializing in live octopuses. Yale University Attn: Dr. James L. Boyer Chief, Digestive Diseases Box 3333 New Haven, CT 065100 Phone: (203) 785-4138 Fax: (203) 785-72273 NIEHS-funded Marine and Freshwater Biomedical Sciences Center specializing in membrane toxicology.