ISSN: 1052-5378 United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library 10301 Baltimore Blvd. Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351 Housing, Husbandry, and Welfare of Sheep and Goats January 1985 - April 1994 QB 94-36 Quick Bibliography Series Bibliographies in the Quick Bibliography Series of the National Agricultural Library, are intended primarily for current awareness, and as the title of the series implies, are not indepth exhaustive bibliographies on any given subject. However, the citations are a substantial resource for recent investigations on a given topic. They also serve the purpose of bringing the literature of agriculture to the interested user who, in many cases, could not access it by any other means. The bibliographies are derived from computerized on-line searches of the AGRICOLA data base. Timeliness of topic and evidence of extensive interest are the selection criteria. 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Housing, Husbandry, and Welfare of Sheep and Goats January 1985 - April 1994 Quick Bibliography Series: QB 94-36 425 citations from AGRICOLA D'Anna Berry Animal Welfare Information Center June 1994 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record: Berry, D'Anna Housing, husbandry, and welfare of sheep and goats. (Quick bibliography series ; 94-36) 1. Sheep--Bibliography. 2. Goats--Bibliography. I. Title. aZ5071.N3 no.94-36 Photocopy Warning: NOTICE WARNING CONCERNING COPYRIGHT RESTRICTIONS The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specific conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be "used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research." 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To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250, or call (202) 720-7327 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD). USDA is an equal employment opportunity employer. AGRICOLA Citations in this bibliography were entered in the AGRICOLA database between January 1979 and the present. SAMPLE CITATIONS Citations in this bibliography are from the National Agricultural Library's AGRICOLA database. An explanation of sample journal article, book, and audiovisual citations appears below. JOURNAL ARTICLE: Citation # NAL Call No. Article title. Author. Place of publication: Publisher. Journal Title. Date. Volume (Issue). Pages. (NAL Call Number). Example: 1 NAL Call No.: DNAL 389.8.SCH6 Morrison, S.B. Denver, Colo.: American School Food Service Association. School foodservice journal. Sept 1987. v. 41 (8). p.48-50. ill. BOOK: Citation # NAL Call Number Title. Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date. Information on pagination, indices, or bibliographies. Example: 1 NAL Call No.: DNAL RM218.K36 1987 Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition. Kane, June Kozak. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1987. Includes index. xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm. Bibliography: p. 126. AUDIOVISUAL: Citation # NAL Call Number Title. Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date. Supplemental information such as funding. Media format (i.e., videocassette): Description (sound, color, size). Example: 1 NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N AV All aboard the nutri-train. Mayo, Cynthia. Richmond, Va.: Richmond Public Schools, 1981. NET funded. Activity packet prepared by Cynthia Mayo. 1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. + activity packet. Housing, Husbandry, and Welfare of Sheep and Goats SEARCH STRATEGY Set Items Description === ===== ============ S1 42150 SHEEP OR OVIN? OR EWE?? OR RAM?? OR WETHER? OR GOAT?? OR LAMB?? S2 4607 S1 AND SH=(L100 OR L300 OR N100) S3 230027 (HOUS? OR FACILIT? OR STRUCT? OR PEN?? OR CRATE?? OR CONFINE? OR CORRAL? OR HANDL? OR TRANSPORTATION OR BEHAVIOR? OR BEHAVIOR? OR BARN?? OR FENCE OR FENCING OR STRESS? OR DISTRESS OR DIET?/TI OR NUTRIT?/TI) S4 6084 (WELFARE OR WELL(N)BEING OR HUMANE) S5 921 S2 AND S3 S6 30 S2 AND S4 S7 941 S5 OR S6 S8 935 S7 NOT SH=L001 S9 322 S8 AND PY=1985:1990 S10 117 S8 AND PY=1991:1994 S11 439 S9 OR S10 S14 436 RD (unique items) Housing, Husbandry, and Welfare of Sheep and Goats 1 NAL Call. No.: 49 N62 Effects of forced feeding on physiological responses in goats: ruminating behaviors Oshiro, S. Tokyo : Nihon Chikusan Gakkai; 1985 Apr. Nihon Chikusan Gakkai ho; Japanese journal of zootechnical science v. 56 (4): p. 312-317; 1985 Apr. Includes 13 references. Language: Japanese Descriptors: Goats; Force feeding; Physiological functions; Rumination; Animal behavior 2 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Activity patterns and companion preferences of domestic goat kids. Lickliter, R.E. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Dec. Applied animal behaviour science v. 19 (1/2): p. 137-145. ill; 1987 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Kids; Animal behavior; Maternal behavior; Activity 3 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Agonistic and sex-mimicking behaviors as related to rank proximity in rams (Ovis aries). Zenchak, J.J.; Schein, M.W. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1988 May. Applied animal behaviour science v. 19 (3/4): p. 291-296; 1988 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Rams; Agonistic behavior; Mating; Behavior; Sexual behavior; Mimicry 4 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 An analysis of factors influencing spatial distribution in flocks of grazing sheep. Arnold, G.W.; Maller, R.A. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1985 Jul. Applied animal behaviour science v. 14 (2): p. 173-189; 1985 Jul. Includes 7 references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Sheep breeds; Behavior; Distribution; Flocks; Grazing behavior; Social interaction 5 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52 Analysis of parlour design parameters for goat milking. Mottram, T.T.; Smith, D.L.O.; Godwin, R.J. New York : Elsevier; 1991 Oct. Small ruminant research v. 6 (1/2): p. 1-13; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Uk; Saanen; Milking parlors; Barriers; Dimensions; Design 6 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 An analysis of the variation in wool production between commercial properties from a survey of a wheat- sheep shire in New South Wales. Denney, G.D.; Ridings, H.I.; Thornberry, K.J. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1990. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 30 (3): p. 329-336. maps; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New South Wales; Wool production; Australian merino; Animal husbandry; Environmental factors; Fleece weight; Herd structure; Stocking rate; Strains; Analysis of variance 7 NAL Call. No.: SF385.A5 1987 Angora Goat Seminar September 26, 1987, Sheep/Goat Research Barn, St. Paul Campus, University of Minnesota. Angora Goat Seminar 1987 : University of Minnesota. St. Paul? : The University, 1987?; 1987. 22 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Cover title. Language: English Descriptors: Angora goat 8 NAL Call. No.: KE3668.C3 Animal disease and protection act R.S., c. A-13. Animal disease and protection regulations : C.R.C., c. 296. Goat skin and goat hair importation prohibition order : SOR/82-1044 = Loi sur les maladies et la protection des animaux : S.R., c. A-13. Reglement sur les maladies et la protection des animaux : C.R.C., c. 296. Ordonnance interdisant l'importation de peau ou de pelage de chevre : DORS/82-1044.. Loi sur les maladies et la protection des animaux Animal disease and protection regulations Goat skin and goat hair importation prohibition order Reglement sur les maladies et la protection des animaux Ordonnance interdisant l'importation de peau ou de pelage de chevre Canada Ottawa : Minister of Supply and Services Canada,; 1987. 117 p. ; 27 cm. Cover title. English and French in parallel columns. January 1987. Language: English; French Descriptors: Veterinary hygiene; Law and legislation; Canada; Animal industry; Law and legislation; Canada; Foreign trade regulation; Canada; Animal welfare 9 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V6456 Animal husbandry review. Ewer, T.K. London : Scientechnica; 1988. The Veterinary annual v. 28: p. 1-22. ill; 1988. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy cows; Sheep; Pigs; Animal husbandry; Animal feeding; Diets; Concentrates; Hay; Silage; Forage; Animal breeding; Pig housing 10 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 Assessment of completely pelleted diets for performance testing of rams. Walton, J.S.; McBride, B.W.; Martineau, N.A.; Burgess, T.D. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1986 Sep. Canadian journal of animal science v. 66 (3): p. 817-820; 1986 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ontario; Rams; Performance testing; Pelleted feeds; Growth rate; Animal health; Rumen; Feeding behavior 11 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 An attempt to bond weaned 3-month-old beef heifers to yearling ewes. Anderson, D.M.; Hulet, C.V.; Smith, J.N.; Shupe, W.L.; Murray, L.W. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 Jul. Applied animal behaviour science v. 34 (1/2): p. 181-188; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Heifers; Attachment behavior; Ewes 12 NAL Call. No.: S671.A33 Australian shearing sheds--a national survey of performance. Hamilton, G.R.; Stanton, J.H.; Freeman, R.B. Victoria : Agricultural Engineering Society; 1988. Agricultural engineering Australia v. 17 (2): p. 4-10; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Sheep; Shearing; Surveys; Sheds; Design; Operation 13 NAL Call. No.: SF428.6.C38 Australian sheep dogs training & handling : including a complete guide to commands. Cavanagh, Rod Whittlesea, Vic., Australia : R. Cavanagh,; 1990. 111 p., [32] p. of plates : ill. (some col.), maps ; 23 cm. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep dogs 14 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Aversion of sheep for handling treatments: paired-choice studies. Rushen, J. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1986 Dec. Applied animal behaviour science v. 16 (4): p. 363-370; 1986 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Wethers; Animal behavior; Learning ability 15 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Behavior associated with parturition in the domestic goat. Lickliter, R.E. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1985 Mar. Applied animal behaviour science v. 13 (4): p. 335-345. ill; 1985 Mar. Includes 22 references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Kids; Behavior; Parturition 16 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Behavior of parturient ewes in group-lambing pens with and without cubicles. Gonyou, H.W.; Stookey, J.M. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1985 Jul. Applied animal behaviour science v. 14 (2): p. 163-171; 1985 Jul. Includes 14 references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Parturition; Behavior; Pens; Cubicles 17 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Behavioral methods to answer questions about sheep. Gonyou, H.W. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Oct. Journal of animal science v. 69 (10): p. 4155-4160; 1991 Oct. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Animal behavior; Methodology; Maternal behavior; Site selection Abstract: Animal behavior has been defined as the interaction of an animal with its environment. During this interaction the animal must make decisions, based on its evaluation of the environment and its needs, of whether or not the environment is adequate or appropriate for specific behaviors. The environment includes both physical and biotic components, so sheep adjust their behavior in response to such diverse characteristics as the thermal conditions of their environment, the flora present, or the characteristics of other sheep. Although an animal's subjective experiences may not lend themselves to direct evaluation, we may be able to address these questions indirectly by using behavior as an indicator of the animal's decisions. This paper reviews research on the use of space, maternal and neonatal recognition, sexual behavior, and aversiveness. The majority of methods involve preference or acceptance tests. Assumptions, which often affect how tests are conducted and results interpreted, should be made only after the alternatives are carefully considered. 18 NAL Call. No.: SF1.S68 Behavioral responses and raising the productivity of dairy sheep. Lankin, V.S.; Nedelchev, D. New York, N.Y. : Allerton Press; 1989. Soviet agricultural biology : Part 2 : Animal biology (2): p. 10-16; 1989. Translated from: Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya, (2), 1989, p. 84-88. AGL. Includes references. Language: English; Russian Descriptors: Sheep; Feeding behavior; Aggressive behavior; Milk production; Milk yield; Breeding value; Body weight; Wool production; Sheep breeds; Pleven blackhead 19 NAL Call. No.: 410 B77 Behaviour and seasonal variation in heart rate in domestic sheep, Ovis aries. Baldock, N.M.; Sibly, R.M.; Penning, P.D. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1988 Feb. Animal behaviour v. 36: p. 35-43; 1988 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Animal behavior; Heart rate; Recording; Seasonal variation 20 NAL Call. No.: SF1.L5 Behaviour at parturition and lamb survival of Booroola Merino sheep. Owens, J.L.; Bindon, B.M.; Edey, T.N.; Piper, L.R. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1985 Dec. Livestock production science v. 13 (4): p. 359-372. ill; 1985 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New South Wales; Sheep breeds; Parturition; Lamb production; Survival; Animal behavior 21 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Behaviour of ewes at parturition toward amniotic fluids from sheep, cows and goats. Arnould, C.; Piketty, V.; Levy, F. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 32 (2/3): p. 191-196; 1991 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambing; Amniotic fluid; Cows; Goats; Animal behavior 22 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Behaviour of parturient Australian bush goats. I. Doe behaviour and kid vigour. Allan, C.J.; Holst, P.J.; Hinch, G.N. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Oct. Applied animal behaviour science v. 32 (1): p. 55-64; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Female animals; Kids; Reproductive behavior; Vigor; Protein supplements; Mortality; Maternal behavior; Protein intake 23 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Behaviour of parturient Australian bush goats. II. Spatial relationships and activity patterns. Allan, C.J.; Hinch, G.N.; Holst, P.J. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Oct. Applied animal behaviour science v. 32 (1): p. 65-74; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Kids; Goats; Dams (mothers); Newborn animals; Spatial distribution; Animal behavior; Activity; Protein supplements; Protein intake 24 NAL Call. No.: SF375.L95 1992 The behaviour of sheep biological principles and implications for production. Lynch, J. J.; Hinch, G. N.; Adams, D. B. C.A.B. International, CSIRO (Australia) Wallingford, UK : C.A.B. International ; East Melbourne, Vic. : CSIRO Australia,; 1992. x, 237 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. 211-226) and indexes. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Reproduction; Behavior, Animal; Animal Welfare 25 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 Behaviour of the ewe and lamb at lambing and its relationship to lamb mortality. Arnold, G.W.; Morgan, P.D. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 97-118; 1985. Includes 28 references. Language: English Descriptors: Western australia; Ewes; Lambs; Animal behavior; Lambing; Relationships; Mortality 26 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Behavioural and hormonal responses to acute surgical stress in sheep. Fell, L.R.; Shutt, D.A. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1989 Apr. Applied animal behaviour science v. 22 (3/4): p. 283-294; 1989 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Stress; Lucilia cuprina; Surgery; Animal behavior; Group behavior; Hormone secretion; Mule's operation 27 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Behavioural and physiological effects in sheep of a chronic stressor and a parasite challenge. Fell, L.R.; Lynch, J.J.; Adams, D.B.; Hinch, G.N.; Munro, R.K.; Davies, H.I. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1991. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 42 (8): p. 1335-1346; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Australian merino; Ewes; Sheep; Haemonchus contortus; Animal behavior; Blood plasma; Hydrocortisone; Hematology; Immunity; Stress; Animal physiology; Feedlots 28 NAL Call. No.: SF83.G3S3 Heft 28 Betriebszweigkontrolle in der Schafhaltung Schleswig-Holsteins [Production control in sheep rearing in Schleswig-Holstein]. Heine, Dietrich, Kiel : Selbstverlag des Institutes fur Tierzucht und Tierhaltung der Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel,; 1986. 127 p. ; 21 cm.. (Schriftenreihe des Institutes fur Tierzucht und Tierhaltung der Christian-Albrechts- Universitat zu Kiel, Heft 28). English summary. Includes vita. Bibliography: p. 108-116. Language: German 29 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Body temperatures and respiratory rates of free-ranging Merino sheep in and out of shade during summer. Johnson, K.G. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1991. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 42 (8): p. 1347-1357; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Western australia; Australian merino; Wethers; Shade; Shelter; Body temperature regulation; Behavior; Respiration rate; Summer 30 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Bonding of goats to sheep and cattle for protection from predators. Hulet, C.V.; Anderson, D.M.; Smith, J.N.; Shupe, W.L.; Taylor, C.A. Jr; Murray, L.W. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1989 Apr. Applied animal behaviour science v. 22 (3/4): p. 261-267; 1989 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Sheep; Cattle; Bonds; Group behavior; Protection; Predators 31 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Bonding of Spanish kid goats to cattle and sheep. Hulet, C.V.; Anderson, D.M.; Smith, W.L.; Murray L.W. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Apr. Applied animal behaviour science v. 30 (1/2): p. 97-103; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Kids; Heifers; Lambs; Animal behavior; Attachment behavior; Age differences 32 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822 Breed and sex differences in skeletal dimensions of sheep in the first year of life. Searle, T.W.; Graham, N.M.; Donnelly, J.B.; Margan, D.E. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1989 Dec. The Journal of agricultural science v. 113 (pt.3): p. 349-354; 1989 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New South Wales; Sheep; Corriedale; Dorset horn; Sex differences; Skeletons; Dimensions; Weight; Body measurements 33 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52 Breeding activity of two subtropical Egyptian sheep breeds under accelerated lambing system. Aboul-Naga, A.M.; Mansour, H.; Aboul-Ela, M.B.; Almahdy, H. New York : Elsevier; 1991 Mar. Small ruminant research v. 4 (3): p. 285-292; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Egypt; Sheep; Rahmani; Ossimi; Lambing rate; Estrus; Mating behavior; Breeding season 34 NAL Call. No.: S16.F5J68 Breeding sheep with 4 teats in a flock in Devon, England. Davies, D.A.R. Helsinki : The Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland; 1988. Journal of agricultural science in Finland : Maataloustieteellinen aikakauskirja v. 60 (6): p. 620-621; 1988. Paper presented at the "Symposium on Experiments with Finnsheep and Prolificacy in Sheep," July 1, 1988, Helsinki, Finland. Language: English Descriptors: England; United Kingdom; Sheep breeds; Animal breeding; Crossbreds; Supernumerary teats; Size; Teat number; Milk yield; Lambs; Suckling 35 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Changes in heart rate, plasma cortisol and haematocrit of sheep during a shearing procedure. Hargreaves, A.L.; Hutson, G.D. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Mar. Applied animal behaviour science v. 26 (1/2): p. 91-101; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Stress; Shearing; Heart rate; Hydrocortisone; Blood plasma; Hematocrit; Animal welfare 36 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Changes in maternal-young associations with increasing age of lambs. Hinch, G.N.; Lecrivain, E.; Lynch, J.J.; Elwin, R.L. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Jun. Applied animal behaviour science v. 17 (3/4): p. 305-318; 1987 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Ewes; Merino de l'est; Maternal behavior; Recognition; Attachment behavior 37 NAL Call. No.: 470 SCI2 Changes in the sensory processing of olfactory signals induced by birth in sheep. Kendrick, K.M.; Levy, F.; Keverne, E.B. Washington, D.C. : American Association for the Advancement of Science; 1992 May08. Science v. 256 (5028): p. 833-836; 1992 May08. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Birth; Lambs; Olfactory stimulation; Smell; Maternal behavior; Gamma-aminobutyric acid Abstract: After giving birth, sheep and many other species form a selective bond with their offspring based on the sense of smell. Processing of olfactory signals is altered to allow the animals to perform this selective recognition. Lamb odors have little effect on either neurotransmitter release or electrical activity of neurons in the olfactory bulb before birth. However, after birth there is an increase in the number of mitral cells, the principal cells of the olfactory bulb, that respond to lamb odors, which is associated with increased cholinergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitter release. Selective recognition of lambs is accompanied by increased activity of a subset of mitral cells and release of glutamate and gamma- aminobutyric acid (GABA) from the dendrodendritic synapses between the mitral and granule cells. The relation between the release of each transmitter after birth also suggests an increased efficacy of glutamate-evoked GABA release. 38 NAL Call. No.: SF383.C53 1989 Chevre environnement socio-economique, heredite et selection, physiologie de la reproduction et secretion lactee, nutrition et alimentation, sante, construction et equipements, pratiques d'elevage, produits de l'elevage de la chevre [Goat]. Conseil des productions animales du Quebec Quebec : Gouvernement du Quebec, Ministere de l'agriculture, des pecheries et de l'alimentation,; 1989. 176 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical references. Language: French Descriptors: Goats; Goats 39 NAL Call. No.: 450 J829 Comparative studies of diet selection by sheep and cattle: blanket bog and heather moor. Grant, S.A.; Torvell, L.; Smith, H.K.; Suckling, D.E.; Forbes, T.D.A.; Hodgson, J. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific; 1987 Dec. Journal of ecology v. 75 (4): p. 947-960; 1987 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Cattle; Feed preferences; Calluna vulgaris; Eriophorum vaginatum; Grazing behavior; Botanical composition; Bogs; Moorland 40 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 A comparative study of feeding behavior and digestive function in dairy goats, wool sheep and hair sheep. Quick, T.C.; Dehority, B.A. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1986 Nov. Journal of animal science v. 63 (5): p. 1516-1526; 1986 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Sheep; Feeding behavior; Digestibility; Feed intake; Pelleted feeds; Alfalfa hay; Bromus 41 NAL Call. No.: 410 B77 A comparative systems model of the regulation of maternal motivation in mammals. Pryce, C.R. London : Academic Press; 1992 Mar. Animal behaviour v. 43 (pt.3): p. 417-441; 1992 Mar. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Rats; Macaca mulatta; Maternal behavior; Models; Stimuli; Stimulation; Literature reviews Abstract: A descriptive systems model that represents an integration of the existing evidence for the regulation of maternal motivation in diverse mammals is presented. It attempts to demonstrate a high degree of unity between taxa in terms of the processes involved, and to provide a predictive basis for future studies of the regulation and dysfunction of maternal behaviour in any species, including humans. In accordance with previous systems models, maternal motivation is envisaged as the outcome of interaction between external, in this case, infant stimuli, and the internal state of the (female) organism in terms of the central factors that process such stimuli. In the model these internal factors are referred to collectively as the central state of maternal arousability. The evidence relating to the regulation of maternal behaviour in the rat, Rattus norvegicus, sheep, Ovis aries, and rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta, representing the diverse orders of Rodentia, Artiodactyla and Primates, respectively, is reviewed. In each of these mammals, the most studied in terms of causation of maternal behaviour, maternal arousability is considered to constitute four maternal arousability factors: attraction and anxiety, which both make a positive contribution, aversion and novelty-fear, which both make a negative contribution. Each maternal arousability factor is responsive to specific forms of infant stimuli, while all the sensory systems are involved in the female's total processing of infant stimuli. Two forms of infant stimuli are proposed: passive and active. Passive stimuli are non-behavioural and constitute olfactory/gustatory cues and the majority of visual cues; active infant stimuli constitute infant facial expressions, and tactile and auditory cues. It is proposed that the central state of maternal arousability is determined by (1) central levels of the hormones that also control the onset of birth and lactation, (2) genital stimulation that occurs at birth and induces cent 42 NAL Call. No.: SF371.R47 A comparison of a whole grain diet with pelleted high energy diets containing alfalfa meal or peanut hulls for finishing lambs. Umberger, S.H.; McClure, W.H.; Webb, K.E. Jr; Notter, D.R. Englewood, Colo. : Sheep Industry Development Program; 1990. Sheep research journal v. 6 (2): p. 1-4; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Lamb fattening; Alfalfa meal; Peanut husks; Pelleted feeds; Maize; Diet; Liveweight gain; Slaughter weight; Feed intake; Carcass composition; Production costs; Feed conversion efficiency 43 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 A comparison of food selection and foraging behavior in juvenile and adult goats. Provenza, F.D.; Malechek, J.C. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1986 Aug. Applied animal behaviour science v. 16 (1): p. 49-61; 1986 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Foraging; Feed preferences; Age; Nutritional requirements; Rangelands 44 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312 A comparison of the effects of electroimmobilisation and, or, shearing procedures on ovine plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin/beta-lipoprotein and cortisol. Jephcott, E.H.; McMillen, I.C.; Rushen, J.P.; Thorburn, G.D. London : British Veterinary Association; 1987 Jul. Research in veterinary science v. 43 (1): p. 97-100; 1987 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Fleecing; Immobilization; Electrical treatment; Endorphins; Cortisol; Lipoproteins; Stress; Restraint of animals 45 NAL Call. No.: QL1.J68 Competitive resource sharing by seaweed-eating sheep Ovis aries (Mammalia: Artiodactyla). Paterson, I.W. London : The Zoological Society of London; 1987 Aug. Journal of zoology v. 212 (pt.4): p. 585-595; 1987 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Scottish highlands and Islands; Sheep; Feeding behavior; Males; Females; Seaweeds; Geographical distribution; Seasonal variation; Alaria; Laminaria 46 NAL Call. No.: 49 F84 Le comportement alimentaire du cabri creole eleve en stabulation libre de la naissance au sevrage [Feeding behaviour of Creole kids kept in loose housing conditions from birth to weaning]. Levy, F.; Alexandre, G. Paris : Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; 1985. Annales de zootechnie v. 34 (2): p. 181-191; 1985. Includes references. Language: French Descriptors: Guadeloupe; Kids; Goat breeds; Goat keeping; Feeding behavior; Loose housing; Preweaning period 47 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312 Concussive methods of pre-slaughter stunning in sheep: assessment of brain function using cortical evoked responses. Daly, C.C.; Gregory, N.G.; Wotton, S.B.; Whittington, P.E. London : British Veterinary Association; 1986 Nov. Research in veterinary science v. 41 (3): p. 349-352; 1986 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Stunning; Consciousness; Cerebral cortex; Responses; Electrodes; Animal welfare 48 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312 Concussive methods of pre-slaughter stunning in sheep: effects of captive bolt stunning in the poll position on brain function. Daly, C.C.; Whittington, P.E. London : British Veterinary Association; 1986 Nov. Research in veterinary science v. 41 (3): p. 353-355; 1986 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Stunning; Head; Brain; Responses; Animal welfare 49 NAL Call. No.: 470 AM36 Conditioned flavor aversion: a mechanism for goats to avoid condensed tannins in blackbrush. Provenza, F.D.; Burritt, E.A.; Clausen, T.P.; Bryant, J.P.; Reichardt, P.B.; Distel, R.A. Chicago, Ill. : University of Chicago Press; 1990 Dec. The American naturalist v. 136 (6): p. 810-828; 1990 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Goats; Feeding behavior; Coleogyne ramosissima; Tannins; Antifeedants; Learning ability 50 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Confinement of lambs (Ovis aries) in metabolism stalls increased adrenal function, thyroxine and motivation for movement. Bowers, C.L.; Friend, T.H.; Grissom, K.K.; Lay, D.C. Jr Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1993 Apr. Applied animal behaviour science v. 36 (2/3): p. 149-158; 1993 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Stress; Sheep housing 51 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T Conservation of grass silage in stack silos and utilization by sheep and dairy cows. Savoie, P.; Fortin, J.M.; Wauthy, J.M. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1986 Nov. Transactions of the ASAE - American Society of Agricultural Engineers v. 29 (6): p. 1784-1789. ill; 1986 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Quebec; Ontario; Grasses; Silage making; Silos; Silage fermentation; Temperatures; Dairy cows; Sheep; Feed intake; Milk production 52 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Consumption of solid feed by lambs during their transition from pre-ruminant to full ruminant function. Faichney, G.J. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 Jul. Applied animal behaviour science v. 34 (1/2): p. 85-91; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Feeding behavior; Voluntary intake; Feed intake; Young animals; Age; Creep feeding 53 NAL Call. No.: S31.T84 Copper levels in select tissue of goats fed different broiler litter diets. Solaiman, S.G.; Qureshi, M.A.; Williams, C.S.; Maloney, M.A. Tuskegee, Ala. : Sch. of Agric. & Home Econ., Tuskegee Univ., George Wash. Carver Agric. Exp. Stn; 1992. Tuskegee horizons v. 3 (1): p. 19; 1992. Language: English Descriptors: Alabama; Goats; Poultry manure; Copper; Goat feeding; Goat meat 54 NAL Call. No.: QL751.B4 Copulatory tactics in relation to sperm competition in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep. Hogg, J.T. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1988. Behavioral ecology and sociobiology v. 22 (1): p. 49-59; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ovis canadensis; Mating behavior; Copulation 55 NAL Call. No.: 410 B77 Correlation of flehmen by male sheep with female behaviour and oestrus. Bland, K.P.; Jubilan, B.M. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1987 Jun. Animal behaviour v. 35 (pt.3): p. 735-738; 1987 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rams; Ewes; Estrus; Sexual behavior; Animal behavior; Urine 56 NAL Call. No.: QH431.A1G43 Correlations between domestic behavior and productivity characters in sheep. Stakan, G.A. New York, N.Y. : Consultants Bureau; 1987 Dec. Soviet genetics v. 23 (6): p. 776-780; 1987 Dec. Translated from: Genetika, v. 23 (6), 1987, p. 1113-1119. (QH431.A1G4). Includes references. Language: English; Russian Descriptors: Sheep; Animal behavior; Reproductive traits; Milk production; Inheritance 57 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Dairy variations in suckling behaviour and relationship between suckling intensity and lactation anestrus in Texel ewes. Mandiki, S.N.M.; Fossion, M.; Paquay, R. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1989 Jun. Applied animal behaviour science v. 23 (3): p. 247-255; 1989 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambs; Suckling; Feeding frequency; Duration; Estrus; Return interval; Anestrus; Diurnal variation 58 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Design of loading facilities and holding pens. Grandin, T. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (1/2): p. 187-201; 1990 Nov. In the special issue: Transport and pre-slaughter handling / edited by Graham Perry. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Pigs; Sheep; Pens; Loading; Floors; Lighting; Slopes; Chutes; Transport of animals; Structural design 59 NAL Call. No.: SF379.B2 Design of shearing sheds and sheep yards. Barber, A. A.; Freeman, R. B. Melbourne : Inkata Press,; 1986. viii, 212 p. : ill., plans ; 31 cm. Includes index. Bibliography: p. 208-209. Language: English Descriptors: Shearing sheds; Australia; Farm buildings; Australia; Sheep-shearing; Australia; Sheep; Australia; Housing 60 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 IN22 Determination of foot steps, and influence of physical environment on grazing distance travelled by sheep and goats. Swain, N.; Maitra, D.N.; Singh, M.; Acharya, R.M. New Delhi : Indian Council of Agricultural Research; 1986 May. The Indian journal of animal sciences v. 56 (5): p. 614-616; 1986 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Goats; Grazing behavior; Distance travelled; Physical environment 61 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Development and use of a method for quantifying female sexual behaviour in ewes. Fabre-Nys, C.; Venier, G. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Jun. Applied animal behaviour science v. 17 (3/4): p. 289-304; 1987 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Sexual behavior; Hormonal control; Estrous behavior 62 NAL Call. No.: QL751.D53 The Dictionary of ethology and animal learning. Harre, Rom; Lamb, Roger Oxford : Blackwell Reference,; 1986. ix, 171 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. "Based on material from Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychology, first published 1983."--T.p. verso. Includes bibliographies and index. Language: English Descriptors: Animal behavior; Dictionaries 63 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Diet selection of bonded and non-bonded free-ranging sheep and cattle. Anderson, D.M.; Hulet, C.V.; Hamadeh, S.K.; Smith, J.N.; Murray, L.W. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 May. Applied animal behaviour science v. 26 (3): p. 231-242; 1990 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Heifers; Free range husbandry; Feeding preferences; Mixed grazing; Attachment behavior; Feed intake 64 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Dietary calcium and phsophorus repletion of lambs. Ternouth, J.H.; Sevilla, C.C. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1990. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 41 (2): p. 413-420; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Lambs; Corriedale; Diet studies; Digestibility trials; Dry matter; Feed intake; Feed supplements; Calcium; Phosphorus; Nutrient deficiencies; Nutrition physiology; Liveweight gains 65 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Dietary selection by goats and sheep in a deciduous woodland of northeastern Brazil. Pfister, J.A.; Malechek, J.C. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1986 Jan. Journal of range management v. 39 (1): p. 24-28; 1986 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Brazil; Woodlands; Semiarid zones; Deciduous seasonal forests; Goats; Sheep; Diet studies; Grazing behavior; Dry conditions; Adaptability 66 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52 Diets and weight responses of Spanish goats used to control Gambel oak. Riggs, R.A.; Urness, P.J.; Hall, T.A. New York : Elsevier; 1988 Sep. Small ruminant research v. 1 (3): p. 259-271. ill; 1988 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Utah; Goats; Meat type; Feeding habits; Quercus gambelii; Biological control; Feed intake; Liveweight; Defoliation 67 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Differences in the sexual "attractiveness" of oestrous ewes to rams. Tilbrook, A.J.; Lindsay, D.R. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Apr. Applied animal behaviour science v. 17 (1/2): p. 129-138; 1987 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rams; Ewes; Estrus; Sexual behavior 68 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Differentiation of sexual behavior in cattle, sheep and swine. Ford, J.J.; D'Occhio, M.J. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1989 Jul. Journal of animal science v. 67 (7): p. 1816-1823; 1989 Jul. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Sheep; Pigs; Sexual behavior; Sex differentiation 69 NAL Call. No.: SF371.5.D57 Directory of current research on sheep and goats. King, J. W. B. Wallingford, UK: C.A.B. International,; 1988. 271 p.; 21 cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Research; Directories; Goats; Research; Directories; Animal welfare 70 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AU72 Diseases of anseriformes associated with intranuclear inclusion bodies in epithelial cells. Reece, R.L.; Barr, D.A.; Badman, R.T.; Hill, J.; McOrist, S. Brunswick, Victoria : Australian Veterinary Association; 1987 Sep. Australian veterinary journal v. 64 (9): p. 291-292; 1987 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambs; Feed supplements; Feeding behavior; Learning 71 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Distribution of field birth-sites of lambing ewes. Alexander, G.; Stevens, D.; Bradley, L.R. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1990. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 30 (6): p. 759-767. ill., maps; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New South Wales; Uk; Ewes; Australian merino; Environmental factors; Lambing; Mortality; Paddocks; Reproductive behavior; Site factors; Topography 72 NAL Call. No.: 447.8 AM3 Dopamine modulation of prolactin and vasopressin but not behavior on satiation of sheep. Bell, F.R.; Lightman, S.L.; Simmonds, A. Bethesda, Md. : American Physiological Society; 1991 Jun. American journal of physiology v. 260 (6,pt.2): p. R1194-R1199; 1991 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Drinking; Drinking behavior; Satiety; Prolactin; Vasopressin; Hormone secretion; Hormone receptors; Dopamine; Bromocriptine; Antagonists; Inhibition Abstract: We have investigated the rapid changes in plasma prolactin and arginine vasopressin (AVP) associated with water satiation in ruminants. Sheep deprived of water for 72 h were allowed voluntary access to ad libitum water. Each sheep drank approximately 5 liters in a single draft. This was performed in a head-down position, which was maintained for approximately 2-3 min and ceased rapidly with an abrupt movement to the upright position. During dehydration, plasma sodium, osmolality, and AVP all increased significantly, but prolactin was unaffected. On rehydration, AVP fell to basal levels within 5 min, but prolactin increased as a short pulse, after which it rapidly fell again. Plasma sodium and osmolality returned to predehydration levels within 6 h of satiation. A possible role of dopaminergic mechanisms in these responses was investigated by the administration of the dopamine agonist bromocriptine or the antagonist metoclopramide. Neither of these agents had any observable effects on the drinking behavior of the sheep during water satiation. During metoclopramide treatment, dehydration was associated with a marked fall in prolactin, and on rehydration there was a prompt and very marked increase in prolactin level. There was also an exaggerated increase of AVP during dehydration and a decrease on rehydration. Bromocriptine had relatively little effect on prolactin responses but prevented the drinking-associated inhibition of AVP, demonstrating an unexpected dissociation between AVP secretion and the stereotyped drinking response. 73 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 N76 nr.218 Drenerende gulv for sau [Housing and facilities for sheep]. Boe, Knut As : NLH,; 1985. 27 p. : ill. ; 30 cm.. (IBT-rapport ; nr. 218). Summary in English. Bibliography: p. 26-27. Language: Norwegian 74 NAL Call. No.: SF371.S43 Dynamic sheep management: past to future technologies. Chalmers, L. Sacramento, Calif. : Spilman Press; 1987. Sheep and goat handbook v. 5: p. 214-221. ill; 1987. Language: English Descriptors: Montana; Sheep management; Range management; Lamb production; Facilities; Technology; Light; Temperatures 75 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 AU72 Early disturbance of Merino ewes from the birth site increases lamb separations and mortality. Putu, I.G.; Poindron, P.; Lindsay, D.R. Sydney : Pergamon Press; 1988. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production v. 17: p. 298-301; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambing; Lambs; Twins; Maternal behavior; Mortality; Separation 76 NAL Call. No.: QL1.J68 Early growth and sucking behaviour of Soay sheep in a fluctuating population. Robertson, A.; Hiraiwa- Hasegawa, M.; Albon, S.D.; Clutton-Brock, T.H. London : The Zoological Society of London; 1992 Aug. Journal of zoology v. 227 (pt.4): p. 661-671; 1992 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Scotland; Sheep; Lambs; Growth rate; Sucking; Population density 77 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Early post-natal behaviour in lambs of ten breeds. Slee, J.; Springbett, A. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1986 Jun. Applied animal behaviour science v. 15 (3): p. 229-240; 1986 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Sheep breeds; Newborn animals; Animal behavior; Sucking; Udders; Recognition; Hypothermia; Birth weight; Body temperature; Climatic factors 78 NAL Call. No.: 23 Au792 Effect of age and parity on maternal behaviour in single-bearing Merino ewes. Alexander, G.; Bradley, L.R.; Stevens, D. East Melbourne, Vic. Australia : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, c1985-; 1993. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 33 (6): p. 721-728; 1993. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambing; Multiple births; Age; Maternal behavior; Mortality; Parturition complications 79 NAL Call. No.: 340.8 IN8 Effect of air temperature and humidity on ingestive behaviour of sheep. Paranhos da Costa, M.J.R.; Silva, R.G. da; Souza, R.C. de Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992. International journal of biometeorology v. 36 (4): p. 218-222; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Shearing; Feeding behavior; Ingestion; Heat stress; Air temperature; Humidity Abstract: Thirty-two Polwarth ewes, of ages up to 1 year, were observed in a climatic chamber (24 to 45 degrees C) for eight periods of 5 h each. The observations were made through a window in the chamber wall. All animals were observed four times, then shorn and observed four times again. The animals were given weighed quantities of water and feed consisting of commercial concentrate plus Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay. The water and feed remaining after 5 h of observation were weighed. The following traits were analysed: time eating hay (TEH), time dating concentrate (TEC), time drinking water (TDW), weight of hay eaten (WHE), weight of concentrate eaten (WCE), volume of ingested water (VIW), ruminating time standing up (RTS), ruminating time lying down (RTL), idling time standing up (ITS), and idling time lying down (ITL). Shearing had a significant effect for all traits except ITS. Shearing resulted in higher values for all traits except for ITS and ITL. Ingestion of hay (TEH and WHE) decreased with increased air temperature and humidity, while the ingestion of concentrate (TEC) and WHE) and water (TDW and VIW) increased. Rumination decreased with increased air temperature and humidity, and was higher in shorn than in unshorn sheep. 80 NAL Call. No.: 472 N21 Effect of animal husbandry on herbivore-carrying capacity at a regional scale. Oesterheld, M.; Sala, O.E.; McNaughton, S.J. London : Macmillan Magazines Ltd; 1992 Mar19. Nature v. 356 (6366): p. 234-236; 1992 Mar19. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: South America; Range management; Cattle; Sheep; Animal husbandry; Grazing effects Abstract: All significant properties of the herbivore trophic level, including biomass, consumption and productivity, are significantly correlated with primary productivity across a broad range of terrestrial ecosystems. Here we show that livestock biomass in South American agricultural ecosystems across a 25-fold gradient of primary productivity exhibited a relationship with a slope essentially identical to unmanaged ecosystems, but with a substantially greater y-intercept. Therefore the biomass of herbivores supported per unit of primary productivity is about an order of magnitude greater in agricultural than in natural ecosystems, for a given level of primary production. We also present evidence of an increase in livestock body size with primary productivity, a pattern previously characterized in natural ecosystems. To our knowledge this is the first quantitative documentation at a regional scale of the impact of animal husbandry practices, such as herding, stock selection and veterinary care, on the biomass and size-structure of livestock herds compared with native herbivores. 81 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 AU72 Effect of bovine somatotropin administration during late pregnancy and early lactation on Merino ewes given low or high planes of nutrition during pregnancy. Dixon, R.M.; Watson, M.J.; Thomas, R.; Reid, C.J.; Egan, A.R. Sydney : Pergamon Press; 1990. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production v. 18: p. 468; 1990. Meeting held on July 8-12, 1990, Adelaide, South Australia. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Plane of nutrition; Somatotropin; Pregnancy 82 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 Effect of changing the teaser ewe on the sexual activity of the ram. Thiery, J.C.; Signoret, J.P. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 31-34; 1985. Includes 10 references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Teasing; Rams; Sexual behavior 83 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effect of cohabitation with white-faced ewes on estrous activity of Hampshire and Suffolk ewes exposed to rams in June. Nugent, R.A. III; Notter, D.R. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1990 Jun. Journal of animal science v. 68 (6): p. 1513-1519; 1990 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Suffolk; Hampshire down; Rams; Ovulation; Estrus; Environmental factors; Summer; Anestrus; Mating behavior; Progesterone; Breed differences 84 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55 The effect of different housing systems and feeding regimes on the performance and rectal temperature of sheep. Boe, K.; Nedkvitne, J.J.; Austbo, D. East Lothian, Scotland : Durrant; 1991 Dec. Animal production v. 53 (pt.3): p. 332-337; 1991 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Norway; Ewes; Sheep housing; Body temperature; Environmental temperature; Lambing rate; Feed intake; Liveweight gain; Shearing; Birth weight; Weaning weight 85 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 Effect of differential rearing on the behavioral and adrenocortical response of lambs to a novel environment. Moberg, G.P.; Wood, V.A. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 403-413; 1985. Includes 13 references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Behavior; Adrenal cortex hormones; Responses to environment; Rearing techniques 86 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312 Effect of electroimmobilisation on ovine plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin/beta-lipotrophin, cortisol and prolactin. Jephcott, E.H.; McMillen, I.C.; Rushen, J.; Hargreaves, A.; Thorburn, G.D. London : British Veterinary Association; 1986 Nov. Research in veterinary science v. 41 (3): p. 371-377; 1986 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Immobilization; Blood plasma; Endorphins; Lipotropin; Cortisol; Prolactin; Stress; Restraint of animals 87 NAL Call. No.: SF55.A78A7 The effect of frequent feeding on eating and rumination behaviour in sheep fed only roughage diet. Fujihara, T.; Harumoto, T. Suweon, Korea : Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies; 1989 Sep. Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences v. 2 (3): p. 516-517; 1989 Sep. Paper presented at the "VII International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology: Physiological Aspects of Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants", August 28-September 1, 1989, Sendai, Japan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep rumination; Feeding frequency 88 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The effect of gentling on heart rate, flight distance and aversion of sheep to a handling procedure. Hargreaves, A.L.; Hutson, G.D. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 May. Applied animal behaviour science v. 26 (3): p. 243-252; 1990 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Handling; Heart rate; Fearfulness; Man 89 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773 The effect of herbage allowance on intake and performance of ewes suckling twin lambs. Penning, P.D.; Hooper, G.E.; Treacher, T.T. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1986 Sep. Grass and forage science v. 41 (3): p 199-208; 1986 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: England; Ewes; Lambs; Twins; Herbage; Feed intake; Liveweight gains; Growth; Rotational grazing; Grazing behavior; Mastication; Plant height; Pastures 90 NAL Call. No.: QH541.5.D4J6 Effect of housing system, season of year and age on some physiological and haematological parameters and blood constituents of Ossimi sheep. Marai, I.F.M.; Daader, A.H.; Mekkawy, M.Y.; Gabr, H.A.; Ibrahim, H. London : Academic Press; 1992 Apr. Journal of arid environments v. 22 (3): p. 277-285; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Egypt; Sheep; Ossimi; Sheep housing; Body temperature; Skin temperature; Heart rate; Respiration rate; Blood sugar; Blood lipids; Hemoglobin; Triiodothyronine; Summer; Winter; Blood volume 91 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55 The effect of level of nutrition prior to mating on the reproductive performance of ewes of two Welsh breeds in different levels of body condition. Gunn, R.G.; Maxwell, T.J.; Sim, D.A.; Jones, J.R.; James, M.E. East Lothian, Scotland : Durrant; 1991 Feb. Animal production v. 52 (pt.1): p. 157-163; 1991 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Wales; Ewes; Body condition; Reproductive performance; Plane of nutrition; Breed differences; Flushing; Ovulation rate 92 NAL Call. No.: SF55.A78A7 The effect of mechanical processing of hay on the eating and rumination behaviour in sheep. Fujihara, T.; Harumoto, T. Suweon, Korea : Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies; 1991 Mar. Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences v. 4 (1): p. 7-14; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep rumination; Biting rates; Hay; Dactylis glomerata 93 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Effect of month of birth and first summer's nutrition on the productivity of Merino wethers. Marshall, T. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1985. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 25 (4): p. 777-782; 1985. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Western australia; Pastures; Wethers; Sheep; Lambing season; Trifolium subterraneum; Animal nutrition; Growth analysis; Liveweight; Wool production 94 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Effect of naloxone, nalbuphine, progesterone and pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin on the sexual behaviour of ewes. Fuentes, V.O. London : The Association; 1989 Mar18. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 124 (11): p. 274-276; 1989 Mar18. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Sexual behavior; Progesterone; Pmsg; Detoxicants; Estrus; Anestrus; Lactation; Hormone secretion; Seasonal variation 95 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 The effect of nutrition in mid pregnancy and ewe liveweight change on birth weight and management for lamb survival in highly fecund ewes. Fogarty, N.M.; Hall, D.G.; Holst, P.J. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1992. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 32 (1): p. 1-10; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New South Wales; Sheep; Crossbreds; Undernutrition; Fecundity; Lambing; Pregnancy; Birth weight; Lambs; Litter size; Liveweight; Survival 96 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52 Effect of pregnancy and lactation on liveweight, feed intake and feeding behavior in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. Adenuga, M.K.; Tolkamp, B.J.; Ademosun, A.A.; Montsma, G.; Brouwer, B.O. New York : Elsevier; 1991 Mar. Small ruminant research v. 4 (3): p. 245-255; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; West african dwarf; Body weight; Feed intake; Feeding behavior; Pregnancy; Lactation; Rumination; Duration 97 NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6 The effect of previous experiences on livestock behavior during handling. Grandin, T. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1993 Apr. Agri-Practice v. 14 (4): p. 15-20; 1993 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Colorado; Cattle; Sheep; Animal behavior; Veterinary medicine; Handling; Chutes; Hydraulic equipment; Restraint of animals 98 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Effect of previous grazing experience on the grazing behaviour of lambs. Ramos, A.; Tennessen, T. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 Mar. Applied animal behaviour science v. 33 (1): p. 43-52; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Grazing behavior; Age; Weaning; Preweaning period; Feeding preferences; Trifolium repens; Lolium multiflorum 99 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55 The effect of season and the introduction of rams on oestrous activity in Somali, Nandi, Merino, Karakul and New Zealand Romney Marsh ewes in Kenya. Carles, A.B.; Kipngeno, W.A.K. Neston, South Wirral, England : British Society of Animal Production; 1986 Dec. Animal production v. 43 (3): p. 447-457; 1986 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Kenya; Ewes; Rams; Sheep breeds; Estrous cycle; Estrus; Seasonal variation; Estrous behavior; Environmental factors 100 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822 Effect of shearing on oestrus and ovulation in sheep. Parr, R.A.; Davis, I.F.; Tilbrook, A.J. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1989 Dec. The Journal of agricultural science v. 113 (pt.3): p. 411-412; 1989 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Victoria; Ewes; Australian merino; Estrus; Fertility; Ovulation; Shearing; Stress 101 NAL Call. No.: SF371.R47 Effect of sire breed and post-weaning nutrition on growth, feed efficiency and carcass compositional traits of heavyweight lambs. Meyer, H.H.; Busboom, J.R.; Burke, J.M.; Mitchell, L.A.; Warnock, W.D.; Mills, R.R.; Hendrix, W.F. Englewood, Colo. : Sheep Industry Development Program; 1993. Sheep research journal / v. 9 (3): p. 95-100; 1993. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pacific northwest states of U.S.A.; Cabt; Lambs; Sires; Breed differences; Diet; Carcass weight; Carcass yield; Fat percentage 102 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The effect of space allowance and sex on blood catecholamines and cortisol, feed consumption and average daily gain growing lambs. Horton, G.M.J.; Malinowski, K.; Burgher, C.C.; Palatini, D.D. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 32 (2/3): p. 197-204; 1991 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Space requirements; Sex differences; Norepinephrine; Epinephrine; Hydrocortisone; Blood plasma; Feed intake; Liveweight gain; Feed conversion efficiency; Animal welfare 103 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The effect of stocking rate on the grazing behaviour of Corriedale sheep. Birrell, H.A. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Jan. Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (4): p. 321-331; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Stocking rate; Grazing behavior; Grazing time; Seasonal variation; Diurnal activity 104 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 AU72 Effect of time of year and prior feeding experience on feeding behaviour of sheep as if for live export. McDonald, C.L.; Gittins, S.P.; Rowe, J.B. Sydney : Pergamon Press; 1988. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production v. 17: p. 226-229; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Feeding behavior; Grain; Feed intake; Pelleted feeds; Exports; Conditioning 105 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Effect of trailing to water on temporal behavior and ingestion of herded sheep in Morocco. El Aich, A.; El Asraoui, M.; Rittenhouse, L.R. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Aug. Applied animal behaviour science v. 31 (3/4): p. 251-257; 1991 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Morocco; Sheep; Water intake; Flocks; Temporal variation; Feed intake; Grazing behavior; Locomotion 106 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Effect of training ram hoggets on their adult sexual behaviour. Srivastava, R.S.; Mathur, A.K.; Kalra, D.B. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1989 Apr. Applied animal behaviour science v. 22 (3/4): p. 295-302; 1989 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rams; Training (animal); Sexual behavior; Semen production; Semen characters 107 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55 The effect of winter shearing of housed pregnant ewes on food intake and animal performance. Vipond, J.E.; King, M.E.; Inglis, D.M.; Hunter, E.A. Neston, South Wirral, England : British Society of Animal Production; 1987 Oct. Animal production v. 45 (pt.2): p. 211-221; 1987 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Fleecing; Winter; Sheep housing; Feed intake; Reproductive performance; Lambs; Birth weight 108 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 The effects of acclimation to confinement on gonadotrophin and cortisol secretion during the estrous cycle of the ewe. Rawlings, N.C.; Cook, S.J. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 Jun. Canadian journal of animal science v. 71 (2): p. 327-332; 1991 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Estrous cycle; Hormone secretion; Lh; Fsh; Hydrocortisone; Progesterone; Blood; Acclimatization; Pens 109 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822 Effects of additional lighting to provide a summer photoperiod for winter-housed pregnant ewes on plasma prolactin, udder development and lamb birthweight. Bassett, J.M. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Aug. The Journal of agricultural science v. 119 (pt.1): p. 127-136; 1992 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: England; Ewes; Lambs; Sheep; Swaledale; Bluefaced leicester; Crossbreds; Artificial lighting; Photoperiod; Pregnancy; Prolactin; Udders; Birth weight 110 NAL Call. No.: SF371.R47 Effects of age and flock size on flocking behavior in Rambouillet and Rambouillet X polypay female sheep. Hulet, C.V.; Anderson, D.M.; Shupe, W.L.; Murray, L.W. Englewood, Colo. : Sheep Industry Development Program; 1992. Sheep research journal v. 8 (3): p. 112-115; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Livestock numbers; Aggregation 111 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of alternative lamb production systems, maternal line, and culling strategy on flock age structure. Nugent, R.A. III; Jenkins, T.G. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Aug. Journal of animal science v. 70 (8): p. 2285-2295; 1992 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Lamb production; Ewes; Finnish landrace; Lambing interval; Lambing rate; Culling; Rambouillet; Productive life; Age; Herd structure; Survival; Repeatability Abstract: The 5-yr attrition of 1/4 (n = 411) or 1/2 (n = 403) Finnsheep (Finn) ewes exposed to terminal sire breeds in either an accelerated or semi-intensive annual lambing system was recorded to test the effects of system and percentage Finn on flock age structure at equilibrium. Ewes were culled for discernible ailments and failure to lamb after two consecutive non-spring exposures in yr 3, 4, or 5 only. Additionally, four progressively more intensive curing strategies for nonconception were practiced in retrospect. Flock productivity (kilograms of lamb weaned per ewe maintained per year) at age structure equilibrium was estimated for all culling strategies. The majority of all systems (cull strategy X lambing system X percentage Finn combination) were composed of ewes less than or equal to 3 yr old. Replacement requirements ranged from 24 to 38% in the accelerated system and 22 to 26% in the annual system. Quarter-Finns yielded greater replacement needs and shorter productive lives in accelerated lambing but fewer replacement requirements and longer productive lives than 1/2 Finns in annual lambing. Replacement requirements greatly increased with culling intensity in accelerated lambing (up to 54% above original levels) but only slightly in annual lambing (up to 8% above original levels). Mean (reproductive) lifetime estimated from fitted Weibull survival curves ranged from 3.1 to 5.1 yr in accelerated lambing and 4.5 to 5.4 yr in annual lambing. Increased culling for non-lambing decreased productivity at flock age structure equilibrium in accelerated lambing but did not change productivity in annual lambing. Repeatability of ewe effects on conception was generally low. Overall, system, percentage Finn, and culling strategy interact to influence system productivity through flock age structure. Intensive culling for non-lambing and replacement with ewe lambs of equal genetic merit should not be practiced in accelerated lambing systems. 112 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of alternative lamb production systems, terminal sire breed, and maternal line on ewe productivity and its components. Nugent, R.A. III; Jenkins, T.G. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Dec. Journal of animal science v. 69 (12): p. 4777-4792; 1991 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lamb production; Lambing interval; Lambing rate; Crossbreds; Sires; Breed differences; Weaning weight; Production costs; Lambs; Survival Abstract: The 4 yr productivity of 25% (QF; n = 533) and 50% (HF; n = 531) Finnsheep ewes exposed to either Suffolk or Columbia rams in one of three production systems was monitored to test the effects of system, terminal sire breed, maternal line, and their interactions on annual market lamb production. Ewe lambs and yearlings were randomly assigned to either a high-input accelerated lambing system (HIGH), a high-input annual system (MED), or a low-input annual system (LOW). Nursery facilities were available for weak lambs or those born in triplet or more births for the HIGH and MED but not for the LOW systems. Accelerated lambing protocol required early weaning. Sex-adjusted lamb weaning weights were corrected to within-system mean ages of 42 d for HIGH and 70 d for MED and LOW. The HIGH ewes weaned 1.55 lambs per year compared with 1.46 for MED and 1.18 for LOW (P < .01). However, because of early weaning, HIGH yielded the lowest weight of weaned lamb per year. The MED ewes weaned 5.9 and 11.1 more kilograms of lamb per year than the LOW and HIGH ewes, respectively (P < .01). The HIGH system may be economically feasible if young lambs could be inexpensively grown to feeder or market lamb weight. The HIGH ewes did not, however, increase lamb numbers in proportion to increased exposures compared with the annual systems. Breed-group effects for ewe productivity (kilogram of lamb weaned per ewe per year) were consistent across management systems, although some interactions among breed group and system were present for components of productivity. Suffolk rams yielded an advantage of 1.6 kg of weaned lamb per exposure over Columbia rams (P < .05) due to a 3% better lamb survival (P < .01) and heavier weaning weight, especially in the LOW system. The HF ewes weaned .1 more lambs per exposure than QF ewes (P < .01); .06 of the lambs were nursery-reared. However, lambs from HF ewes had a 2% lower survival rate (P < .05) and were 1.4 kg lighter at weaning (P < .01), so overall pro 113 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Effects of different nutritional regimens on the productivity of Australian cashmere goats and the partitioning of nutrients between cashmere and hair growth. McGregor, B.A. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1988. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 28 (4): p. 459-467; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Victoria; Goats; Cashmere; Hair; Growth; Nutrition; Protein supplements; Energy intake; Diet studies; Liveweight; Productivity 114 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Effects of differential handling on the behaviour of domestic ewes (Ovis aries). Mateo, J.M.; Estep, D.Q.; McCann, J.S. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Oct. Applied animal behaviour science v. 32 (1): p. 45-54; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Handling; Animal behavior 115 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of double decking and space allowances on the performance and behavior of feeder lambs. Gonyou, H.W.; Stookey, J.M.; McNeal, L.G. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1985 May. Journal of animal science v. 60 (5): p. 1110-1116. ill; 1985 May. Includes 11 references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep housing; Lamb production; Animal behavior; Spacing; Wool production; Growth 116 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Effects of duration of introductory feeding and barley content of pelleted diets on the feed intake and liveweight of export sheep. Round, M.H. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1989. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 29 (2): p. 169-172; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Sheep; Australian merino; Wethers; Pelleted feeds; Unrestricted feeding; Barley pellets; Feed intake; Feedlots; Hay; Liveweight 117 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Effects of early post-partum separation on maintenance of maternal responsiveness and selectivity in parturient ewes. Levy, F.; Gervais, R.; Kindermann, U.; Litterio, M.; Poindron, P.; Porter, R. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Jul. Applied animal behaviour science v. 31 (1/2): p. 101-110; 1991 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambs; Separation; Duration; Maternal behavior; Postpartum period; Maternal recognition 118 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The effects of group size on grazing time in sheep. Penning, P.D.; Parsons, A.J.; Newman, J.A.; Orr, R.J.; Harvey, A. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1993 Jul. Applied animal behaviour science v. 37 (2): p. 101-109; 1993 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Grazing behavior; Group size 119 NAL Call. No.: QH540.E23 Effects of habitat enrichment on patterns of diet selection. Murden, S.B.; Risenhoover, K.L. Tempe, Ariz. : Ecological Society of America; 1993 Aug. Ecological applications v. 3 (3): p. 497-505; 1993 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Goats; Angora; Odocoileus Virginianus; Feeding preferences; Feeding frequency; Nutritive value; Forage; Feeds 120 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Effects of handling and transportation on the heart rate and behaviour of sheep. Baldock, N.M.; Sibly, R.M. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (1/2): p. 15-39; 1990 Nov. In the special issue: Transport and pre- slaughter handling / edited by Graham Perry. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Transport of animals; Stress; Isolation; Heart rate; Animal welfare; Handling 121 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52 Effects of heat stress on goat production. Lu, C.D. New York : Elsevier; 1989 Jul. Small ruminant research v. 2 (2): p. 151-162; 1989 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Heat stress; Environmental temperature; Nutrient requirements; Feed intake; Body temperature; Rumination; Digestibility; Transit time; Blood composition; Hormones; Goat feeding; Forage; Concentrates 122 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55 The effects of hormones, other pharmacological agents and nutrition on plasma triglycerides and carcass composition in lambs and steers. Payne, E.; Cope, B.C. East Lothian, Scotland : Durrant; 1991 Aug. Animal production v. 53 (pt.1): p. 51-60; 1991 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Wethers; Somatotropin; Blood plasma; Triacylglycerols; Fat metabolism; Fasting; Food intake; Clofibrate; Enzymes; Estradiol; Beef cattle; Trenbolone; Carcass composition 123 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773 Effects of improved nutrition during lactation on the performance of hill lambs. O'Toole, M.A. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1985 Dec. Grass and forage science v. 40 (4): p. 485-488; 1985 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ireland; Lowland areas; Pastures; Lambs; Grazing; Animal nutrition; Fattening performance; Lactation stage; Liveweight gains; Pasture management 124 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52 Effects of increasing lambing frequency and crossbreeding on performance of sheep production systems in semi-arid environments. Galal, E.S.E.; Ahmed, A.M.; Abdel-Aziz, A.I.; Younis, A.A. Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1993 Mar. Small ruminant research v. 10 (2): p. 143-152; 1993 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Egypt; Sheep; Barki; Lambing interval; Animal husbandry; Crossbreeding; Suffolk; Finnish landrace; Production costs; Outturn; Simulation; Breed differences; Returns; Lamb production; Intensive production; Production structure 125 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 Effects of lamb rearing conditions on aggression and dominance relationships. Zito, C.A.; Wilson, L.L.; Graves, H.B. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 369-383; 1985. Includes 25 references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Rearing techniques; Aggressive behavior; Dominance 126 NAL Call. No.: SF55.A78A7 Effects of light-dark(1L-1D, 2L-2D, 3L-3D) cycles on ruminating and masticating behaviors of goats. Oshiro, S. Suweon, Korea : Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies; 1989 Sep. Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences v. 2 (3): p. 154-155; 1989 Sep. Paper presented at the "VII International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology: Physiological Aspects of Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants", August 28-September 1, 1989, Sendai, Japan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Light regime; Feeding behavior; Rumination 127 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Effects of litter size on the vocal behaviour of ewes. Pollard, J.C. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 Jul. Applied animal behaviour science v. 34 (1/2): p. 75-84; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Litter size; Vocalization; Multiple births; Twins; Lambs; Newborn animals; Young animals; Separation 128 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 The effects of low levels of dietary phosphorus upon the dry matter intake and metabolism of lambs. Ternouth, J.H.; Sevilla, C.C. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1990. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 41 (1): p. 175-184; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Wethers; Corriedale; Phosphorus; Barley straw; Diet studies; Digestibility trials; Dry matter; Feed intake; Minerals; Proteins; Liveweight gains; Metabolism 129 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Effects of lupin grain and type of cereal grain on the value of a hay supplement in the diet of lambing ewes during drought. Kenney, P.A. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1985. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 25 (4): p. 766-770; 1985. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambing; Sheep feeding; Diet studies; Lupins; Cereals; Hay; Drought; Growth analysis; Survival; Milk yield; Wool production 130 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 The effects of maternal influences on sheep: breed differences in grazing, resting and courtship behaviour. Key, C.; MacIver, R.M. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 415-430. ill; 1985. Includes 20 references. Language: English Descriptors: Wales; Sheep; Clun forest; Welsh mountain; Maternal effects; Behavior; Grazing; Mating behavior; Rest 131 NAL Call. No.: QP351.B45 Effects of parturition and maternal experience on noradrenaline and acetylcholine release in the olfactory bulb of sheep. Levy, F.; Guevara-Guzman, R.; Hinton, M.R.; Kendrick, K.M.; Keverne, E.B. Washington, D.C. : American Psychological Association, [c1983-; 1993 Aug. Behavioral neuroscience v. 107 (4): p. 662-668; 1993 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambing; Olfactory organs; Maternal behavior; Parous rates; Norepinephrine; Acetylcholine 132 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Effects of rain and fly harassment on the feeding behaviour of free-ranging feral goats. Brindley, E.L.; Bullock, D.J.; Maisels, F. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1989 Aug. Applied animal behaviour science v. 24 (1): p. 31-41; 1989 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Scotland; Wild goats; Rain; Hydrotaea irritans; Feeding behavior 133 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of ram preexposure and ram breed on fertility of ewes in summer breeding. Nugent, R.A. III; Notter, D.R.; McClure, W.H. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1988 Jul. Journal of animal science v. 66 (7): p. 1622-1626; 1988 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Breeds; Fertility; Rams; Seasonal behavior; Estrus; Ovulation; Ewes 134 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Effects of rearing conditions on sexual performance in the ram: practical use. Casteilla, L.; Orgeur, P.; Signoret, J.P. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Dec. Applied animal behaviour science v. 19 (1/2): p. 111-118. ill; 1987 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rams; Sexual behavior; Sexual maturity; Animal production; Reproductive behavior; Reproductive performance; Social interaction; Sheep management 135 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Effects of sexual stimulation on the sexual performance of rams. Price, E.O.; Wallach, S.J.R.; Dally, M.R. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 May. Applied animal behaviour science v. 30 (3/4): p. 333-340; 1991 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rams; Estrous cycle; Ovulation; Sexual behavior; Copulation; Lambs; Ejaculation; Stimulation 136 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Effects of shade use on grazing, drinking, ruminating and postural patterns of Merino sheep. Johnson, K.G.; Strack, R. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1992. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 43 (2): p. 261-264; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Western australia; Australian merino; Animal behavior; Drinking behavior; Grazing behavior; Posture; Rumination; Shade; Interactions 137 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The effects of sire-breed, forage availability and weather on the grazing behavior of crossbred ewes. Berggren-Thomas, B.; Hohenboken, W.D. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1986 Jun. Applied animal behaviour science v. 15 (3): p. 217-228; 1986 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Crossbreds; Grazing behavior; Grazing time; Climatic factors; Distance travelled; Forage; Availability 138 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A55 Effects of supplementing a wheat straw diet with urea or a urea-molasses block and/or cottonseed meal on intake and liveweight change of lambs. Sudana, I.B.; Leng, R.A. Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1986 Oct. Animal feed science and technology v. 16 (1/2): p. 25-35; 1986 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Feed supplements; Wheat straw; Urea; Molasses; Cottonseed oilmeal; Feed intake; Liveweight gains; Diet studies; Digestibility; Dry matter; Protein supplements; Wool 139 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Effects of udder damage and nutritional plane on milk yield, lamb survival and lamb growth of Merinos. Jordan, D.J.; Mayer, D.G. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1989. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 29 (3): p. 315-320; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Sheep; Australian merino; Birth weight; Growth; Lambs; Liveweight; Milk yield; Nutrition; Sheep feeding; Survival; Udders; Injuries; Drinking water 140 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of zeranol and two dietary levels of calcium and phosphorus on performance, carcass and bone characteristics, and calcium status in growing lambs. Hutcheson, J.P.; Greene, L.W.; Carstens, G.E.; Byers, F.M. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 May. Journal of animal science v. 70 (5): p. 1346-1351; 1992 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Zeranol; Dietary minerals; Calcium; Phosphorus; Skeletal development; Blood serum; Parathyrin; Body fat; Metacarpus; Bone strength; Liveweight gain; Feed intake; Feed conversion efficiency Abstract: Seventy-two crossbred wether lambs (average initial weight, 25.1 kg) were used to determine the interaction between zeranol treatment and two dietary levels of Ca and P (.8 and .6% vs .4 and .3% Ca and P, respectively) in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement on performance, carcass and bone characteristics, and serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Ca. Lambs were implanted on d 0 and 56 with 12 mg of zeranol. Lambs had ad libitum access to feed for 105 d. On d 99, blood samples were collected. Implanted lambs had 12% greater (P < .01) daily feed intake, 26% greater (P < .10) ADG, and a 12% improvement in (P < .10) feed effieicney compared with nonimplanted lambs. Zeranol-treated lambs had increased (P < .05) bone cortical area, breaking load, and width of the metacarpal compared with nonimplanted lambs. Lambs fed the .8% Ca and .6% P diet had a higher (P < .05) percentage of bone ash than lambs fed the .4% Ca and .3% P diet. However, there were no differences (P > .05) in the percentage of Ca, P, Mg, or Zn in metacarpal bones due either to higher dietary Ca and P or to implant treatments. Serum concentration of PTH was greater (P < .10) in lambs fed .8% Ca and .6% P than in those receiving .4% Ca and .3% P. Serum concentrations of PTH and Ca pooled across treatments were greater (P < .05) before feeding than at 1 h after feeding. Results from this study indicated that zeranol improved feed efficiency and ADG and increased daily feed intake in feedlot lambs. There were structural changes in metacarpal bones from implanted lambs, but these changes were not a result of changes in Ca, P, Mg, and Zn concentrations. 141 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Electro-immobilization versus mechanical restraint in an avoid-avoid choice test for ewes. Grandin, T.; Curtis, S.E.; Widowski, T.M.; Thurmon, J.C. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1986 Jun. Journal of animal science v. 62 (6): p. 1469-1480. maps; 1986 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Immobilization; Electrical treatment; Mechanical handling; Restraint of animals; Animal behavior 142 NAL Call. No.: S671.A33 Elevated race shearing sheds. Freeman, R.B. Victoria : Agricultural Engineering Society; 1988. Agricultural engineering Australia v. 17 (2): p. 11-16; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Sheep; Shearing; Sheds; Performance; Design 143 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535 Endocrine systems and behavior. Katz, L.S. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1987 Jul. The Veterinary clinic of North America : food animal practice v. 3 (2): p. 393-404; 1987 Jul. In the series analytic: Farm animal behavior / edited by E.O. Price. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Sheep; Pigs; Sexual behavior; Abnormal behavior; Hormones; Aggressive behavior; Sex differentiation 144 NAL Call. No.: 448.8 C162 Establishment of ciliate protozoa in the rumen of conventional and conventionalized lambs: influence of diet and management conditions. Fonty, G.; Senaud, J.; Jouany, J.P.; Gouet, P. Ottawa : National Research Council of Canada; 1988 Mar. Canadian journal of microbiology v. 34 (3): p. 235-241; 1988 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Rumen microorganisms; Rumen protozoa; Ciliophora; Animal nutrition; Animal husbandry 145 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3 Evaluation of a new technology when applied to sheep production systems. I. Model description. Bowman, P.J.; Wysel, D.A.; Fowler, D.G.; White, D.H. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1989. Agricultural systems v. 29 (1): p. 35-47; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Victoria; Sheep; Technical progress; Simulation models; Resource allocation; Pasture management; Production structure; Prices; Cost analysis 146 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 An evaluation of the contribution of isolation, up-ending and wool removal to the stress response to shearing. Hargreaves, A.L.; Hutson, G.D. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Mar. Applied animal behaviour science v. 26 (1/2): p. 103-113; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Stress; Shearing; Isolation; Position; Hematocrit; Hydrocortisone; Blood plasma; Blood sugar 147 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55 An evaluation of the effects of incisor dentition and of age on the performance of lactating ewes and their lambs. Dove, H.; Milne, J.A. East Lothian, Scotland : Durrant; 1991 Oct. Animal production v. 53 (pt.2): p. 183-190; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Dentition; Age differences; Grazing; Lolium; Pastures; Herbage; Lambs; Milk production; Weaning weight; Ewe lactation; Body weight 148 NAL Call. No.: 472 N42 Ewe-turn for maternal behavior. Vines, G. London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1992 May16. New scientist v. 134 (1821): p. 14; 1992 May16. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Animal behavior; Alpha-aminobutyric acid 149 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82 An experimental study of the ability of sheep to penetrate artificial barriers. Studman, C.J. London : Academic Press; 1991 Mar. Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 48 (3): p. 209-221; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Fences; Sheep; Penetration; Lifting; Forces Abstract: An investigation into the penetration of fences by sheep has been conducted in which the forces sheep can produce in squeezing underneath obstacles has been determined. Minimum gap sizes for escape have also been measured. It was found that a minimum gap of 290 mm between a fixed rigid bar and the ground was required by sheep with a mean brisket size of 322 mm to escape. As the position of the gap was raised by using an upper and a lower bar, a progressively wider gap was required for penetration. Various techniques used by sheep in attempting to enlarge and squeeze through a gap by force are described. When sheep were required to lift a weighted gate in order to escape, they were able to penetrate a 180 mm gap by raising the gate, but since they could not get their shoulders under the gate, they could apply only limited force. When the base of the gate was initially set at more than 180 mm, sheep were able to lift greater weights. The maximum lift force measured was 450 N, produced by a 68 kg Romney sheep attempting to penetrate a 270 mm gap set 100 mm off the ground. The measurements have been used to calculate fence batten and wire spacings for various wire tensions for the type of sheep used in the experiments, and these values have been compared with those used in practice. 150 NAL Call. No.: HD9436.A82A9 Export of live sheep from Australia report. Australia. Parliament. Senate. Select Committee on Animal Welfare Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service,; 1985. xvii, 228 p. ; 25 cm. At head of title: The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep industry; Australia; Animals, Treatment of; Australia; Exports; Australia; Animal welfare 151 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1359 Farm animals with care produced for Glaxo Group Research in association with the Institute of Animal Technology [by] Datascope Communications. Datascope Communications, Glaxo Group Research Limited, Institute of Animal Technology England? : Datascope,; 1991. 2 videocassettes (65 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Animal health; Animal welfare Abstract: Illustrates regimes for housing and care for sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, and poultry as well as providing breeding information and demonstrating some routine health care procedures and blood sampling techniques. 152 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52 Feed selection by goats on tropical semi-humid rangeland. Becker, K.; Lohrmann, J. New York : Elsevier; 1992 Sep. Small ruminant research v. 8 (4): p. 285-298; 1992 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Malawi; Goats; Feeding preferences; Grazing behavior; Browsing; Botanical composition; Dry season; Wet season; Palatability; Chemical composition 153 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Feeding behavior characteristics of intact male lambs as affected by numbers of lambs in a pen with restricted access to the feed stall. Jenkins, T.G.; Leymaster, K.A. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1987 Aug. Journal of animal science v. 65 (2): p. 422-430; 1987 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Male animals; Feeding behavior; Stocking rate; Pens; Restricted feeding 154 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52 Feeding behavior of milk-fed lambs at pasture. Bechet, G.; Theriez, M.; Prache, S. New York : Elsevier; 1989 Jul. Small ruminant research v. 2 (2): p. 119-132; 1989 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Grazing behavior; Lamb feeding; Artificial rearing; Twins; Growth rate; Creep feeding; Maize; Concentrates; Liveweight gain; Time allocation; Ewes; Rumination 155 NAL Call. No.: aS21.R44A7 Feeding behavior of ram lambs as characterized by electronic feeding equipment. Jenkins, T.G.; Leymaster, K.A. Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1987 Nov. ARS - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (68): p. 12-13; 1987 Nov. In subseries: Sheep Research Program. Progress Report No. 3. Language: English Descriptors: Rams; Sheep feeding; Feeding behavior; Equipment; Electronics; Recording devices; Lambs 156 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 AU72 Feeding behaviour of Merino wether sheep under conditions similar to those used in assembly for live export. McDonald, C.L. Sydney : Pergamon Press; 1986. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production v. 16: p. 39-41; 1986. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Wethers; Feeding behavior; Transport of animals; Exports; Fasting; Diets; Stocking rate; Assembly 157 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Feeding behaviour of Merino wethers under conditions similar to lot-feeding before live export. McDonald, C.L.; Norris, R.T.; Speijers, E.J.; Ridings, H. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1990. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 30 (3): p. 343-348; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Western australia; Wethers; Australian merino; Feed intake; Feeding behavior; Feedlots; Hay; Lines; Liveweight; Pellets 158 NAL Call. No.: 448.8 J824 The feeding behaviour of Psoroptes spp. mites on rabbits and sheep. Rafferty, D.E.; Gray, J.S. Lawrence : American Society of Parasitologists; 1987 Oct. The Journal of parasitology v. 73 (5): p. 901-906. ill; 1987 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Psoroptes; Feeding behavior; Rabbits; Sheep; Electron microscopy 159 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Feeding station behavior of free-grazing sheep. El Aich, A.; Moukadem, A.; Rittenhouse, L.R. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1989 Oct. Applied animal behaviour science v. 24 (3): p. 259-265; 1989 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Feeding behavior; Plant communities; Habitats 160 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Feeding stations of sheep as an indicator of diminished forage supply. Ruyle, G.B.; Dwyer, D.D. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1985 Aug. Journal of animal science v. 61 (2): p. 349-353. ill; 1985 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep feeding; Forage; Feeding behavior 161 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Feral goat social organization: a review and comparative analysis. O'Brien, P.H. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1988 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 21 (3): p. 209-221; 1988 Nov. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Wild goats; Social interaction; Social structure; Mating systems; Postpartum interval; Animal behavior 162 NAL Call. No.: 1.9 EC78AF Financial stress on New Zealand sheep and beef farms: analysis of change in financial performance under deregulation. Johnston, W.E.; Frengley, G.A.G. Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University; 1990. Agricultural finance review v. 50: p. 100-111; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New Zealand; Sheep farming; Beef cattle; Cattle farming; Finance; Government; Intervention; Agricultural financial policy; Economic policy; Deregulation; Agricultural sector; Support measures; Farm income; Capital; Ratios; Farm indebtedness 163 NAL Call. No.: 10.5 IR45 Finishing of store lambs on silage-based diets. 1. Effect of formic acid treatment or wilting and concentrate supplementation on silage intake and performance of store lambs. Fitzgerald, J.J. Dublin : An Foras Taluntais; 1986. Irish journal of agricultural research v. 25 (3): p. 327-345; 1986. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Males; Galway; Suffolk; Fattening; Diet studies; Feed intake; Formic acid; Silage; Feed composition tables; Liveweight gains 164 NAL Call. No.: 10.5 IR45 Finishing of store lambs on silage-based diets. 2. Influence of breed-type, lamb weight and length of the finishing period on feed intake and lamb performance. Fitzgerald, J.J. Dublin : An Foras Taluntais; 1986. Irish journal of agricultural research v. 25 (3): p. 347-361; 1986. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ireland; Lambs; Sheep breeds; Concentrates; Diet studies; Fattening; Feed intake; Liveweight gains; Carcass weight; Silage 165 NAL Call. No.: 10.5 IR45 Finishing of store lambs on silage-based diets. 3. Effects of formic acid with or without formaldehyde as silage additives and barley supplementation on silage intake and lamb performance. Fitzgerald, J.J. Dublin : An Foras Taluntais; 1986. Irish journal of agricultural research v. 25 (3): p. 363-377; 1986. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ireland; Lambs; Males; Galway; Silage; Barley; Diet studies; Feed composition tables; Feed intake; Feed supplements; Formaldehyde; Formic acid; Liveweight gains 166 NAL Call. No.: 10.5 IR45 Finishing of store lambs on silage-based diets. 5. Effect of supplementing silage with barley, pelleted dried grass or molasses/soybean meal on silage intake and lamb performance. Fitzgerald, J.J. Dublin : An Foras Taluntais; 1987. Irish journal of agricultural research v. 26 (2/3): p. 153-164; 1987. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Galway; Feed intake; Feed supplements; Grasses; Molasses; Soybean oilmeal; Silage; Liveweight gains; Feed composition tables 167 NAL Call. No.: 10.5 IR45 Finishing store lambs on silage-based diets. Fitzgerald, J.J. Dublin : An Foras Taluntais; 1987. Irish journal of agricultural research v. 26 (2/3): p. 139-151; 1987. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ireland; Lambs; Galway; Digestibility trials; Feed intake; Feed supplements; Grasses; Barley; Silage; Liveweight gains 168 NAL Call. No.: QL750.J68 The flexible grouping and behavioral character of a flock of Suffolk ewes (Ovis aries). Kawai, K. Kyoto, Japan : Japan Ethological Society; 1989. Journal of ethology v. 7 (1): p. 41-51; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Japan; Suffolk; Ewes; Animal behavior; Grazing; Spatial distribution; Flocks; Group size 169 NAL Call. No.: S542.A1N45 Flock size structure of the New Zealand sheep flock. Wall, G.L. Wellington : Department of Scientific and Industrial Research; 1985. New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture v. 13 (3): p. 241-245; 1985. Includes 2 references. Language: English Descriptors: New Zealand; Sheep; Flocks; Livestock number; Handling; Farm surveys; Sheep farming; Statistics; Manpower units 170 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Food aversion learning in lambs with or without a mother: discrimination, novelty and persistence. Thorhallsdottir, A.G.; Provenza, F.D.; Balph, D.F. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Oct. Applied animal behaviour science v. 18 (3/4): p. 327-340; 1987 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Learning ability; Animal behavior; Food preferences; Feeding behavior; Poisonous plants; Lithium 171 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Food intake by free-grazing sheep and resource productivity. El Aich, A.; Touibi, M.; Rittenhouse, L.R. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1989 Oct. Applied animal behaviour science v. 24 (3): p. 239-245. ill; 1989 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Feed intake; Grazing behavior; Habitats; Time allocation; Plant communities 172 NAL Call. No.: QH541.5.D4J6 Forage selection and performance of sheep grazing dry annual range. Ridder, N. de; Benjamin, R.W.; Keulen, H. van London : Academic Press; 1986 Jan. Journal of arid environments v. 10 (1): p. 39-51; 1986 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Israel; Semiarid zones; Pastures; Sheep; Grazing behavior; Grazing effects; Forage; Dry conditions; Performance 173 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Fostering in sheep: an exploratory comparison of several approaches. Alexander, G.; Stevens, D.; Bradley, L.R. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1989. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 29 (4): p. 509-512; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambs; Rearing techniques; Recognition; Maternal behavior; Odors 174 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Fostering in sheep: experiences with the use of neatsfoot oil. Alexander, G.; Australia; Stevens, D.; Bradley, L.R. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1987. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 27 (6): p. 771-778; 1987. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New South Wales; Sheep; Lambs; Ewes; Acceptability; Oils; Odors; Identification; Maternal behavior 175 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Fostering in sheep: fostering lambs onto ewes whose lambs have died soon after birth. Alexander, G.; Australia; Stevens, D.; Bradley, L.R. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1987. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 27 (6): p. 765-769; 1987. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New South Wales; Sheep; Lambs; Ewes; Acceptability; Skinning; Oils; Odors; Identification; Maternal behavior 176 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Fostering in sheep. V. Use of unguents to foster an additional lamb onto a ewe with a single lamb. Alexander, G.; Stevens, D.; Bradley, L.R. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Apr. Applied animal behaviour science v. 17 (1/2): p. 95-108. ill; 1987 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep farming; Lambs; Ewes; Animal behavior; Rearing techniques 177 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Fostering lambs by odor transfer: the add-on experiment. Martin, N.L.; Price, E.O.; Wallach, S.J.R.; Dally, M.R. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1987 May. Journal of animal science v. 64 (5): p. 1378-1383; 1987 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambs; Odors; Maternal behavior; Adoption 178 NAL Call. No.: 41.2 H198 1988 [no.38] Futterungsversuch zur Erprobung von Ammonium-Eisen-Hexacyanoferrat fur die Dekorporation von Radiocasium bei Moorschnucken [Feeding trial to test ammonium-ferric-cyano-ferrate (II) for decorporation of radiocesium in sheep]. Mergenthal, Angelika Hannover : [s.n.],; 1988. 75 p. : ill., map ; 21 cm. (Inaugural-Dissertation / Tierarztliche Hochschule Hannover ; 1988, [no. 38]). English summary. Bibliography: p. 64-75. Language: German 179 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822 Game domestication for animal production in Kenya: the nutritional ecology of oryx, zebu cattle and sheep under free-range conditions. Price, M.R.S. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1985 Apr. The Journal of agricultural science v. 104 (pt. 2): p. 375-382; 1985 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Kenya; Cattle; Oryx; Sheep; Zebu; Animal nutrition; Feeding habits; Grazing; Grazing behavior; Rumination; Water intake; Dry season; Wet season; Free range husbandry 180 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Genital stimulation modifies behavior towards amniotic fluid in estrous ewes. Rubianes, E. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 Oct. Applied animal behaviour science v. 35 (1): p. 35-40; 1992 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Mechanical stimulation; Female genitalia; Animal behavior; Amniotic fluid 181 NAL Call. No.: QL750.O3 Germination and population structure of spear thistle Cirsium vulgare in relation to experimentally controlled sheep grazing. Silvertown, J.; Smith, B. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1989. Oecologia v. 81 (3): p. 369-373; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cirsium vulgare; Sheep; Grazing effects; Seeds; Population dynamics; Germination; Models; Computer simulation 182 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3 Goat and sheep population changes on a Masai group ranch in south-western Kenya, 1978-1986. Wilson, R.T.; Maki, M.O. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1989. Agricultural systems v. 29 (4): p. 325-337; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Kenya; Goats; Sheep; Population dynamics; Animal production; Herd structure; Agricultural development; Ranching; Farmers' attitudes 183 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52 Goat husbandry in West Timor, Indonesia. Gatenby, R.M. New York : Elsevier; 1988 Jun. Small ruminant research v. 1 (2): p. 113-121; 1988 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Indonesia; Goats; Goat keeping; Goat feeding; Reproductive performance; Herd structure; Farm surveys; Livestock numbers 184 NAL Call. No.: SF55.W4W6 1984 Goat management research at the University of Ife. Ademosun, A.A.; Jansen, H.J.; Van Houtert, V. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia : International Livestock Centre for Africa; 1985. Sheep and goats in humid West Africa : proceedings of the Workshop on Small Ruminant Production Systems in the Humid Zone of West Africa : held in Ibadan, Nigeria, 23-26 Jan 1984 / edited by J.E. Sumberg and K. Cassaday. p. 34-37; 1985. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nigeria; Goat keeping; Animal research; Animal housing; Goat feeding; Feed intake; Digestibility; Panicum maximum; Cynodon nlemfuensis 185 NAL Call. No.: NBUSF383 G6 1991 Goat nutrition. Morand-Fehr, P. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, European Association for Animal Production Wageningen : PUDOC,; 1991. xi, 308 p. ; 25 cm. (EAAP publication ; no 46, 1991.). Language: English Descriptors: Goats 186 NAL Call. No.: SF87.B55 Goats. Devendra, C. Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1987. Bioclimatology and the adaptation of livestock / edited by H.D. Johnson. p. 157-168. maps; 1987. (World animal science. B, Disciplinary approach ; 5). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Goat breeds; Adaptation; Climate; Morphology; Physiology; Metabolism; Animal behavior; Tropics 187 NAL Call. No.: SF61.M35 1988 Goats., 3rd ed. Russel, A.J.F.; Mowlem, A. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1988. Management and welfare of farm animals. p. 125-142. ill; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: United Kingdom; Goats; Goat keeping; Goat feeding; Animal housing; Milk production; Wool production; Animal health 188 NAL Call. No.: SF85.4.A9G72 1985 Grazing Animal Welfare Symposium proceedings of a symposium held at the Bardon Professional Development Centre, Brisbane, on April 26th and 27th, 1985.. Grazing animal welfare Moore, Brian L.; Chenoweth, Peter J. Australian Veterinary Association, Queensland Division Grazing Animal Welfare Symposium 1985 : Brisbane, Qld. Indooroopilly, QLD, [Australia] : Australian Veterinary Association (Queensland Division),; 1985. vii, 185, 40 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Cover title: Grazing animal welfare. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Congresses; Sheep; Congresses; Livestock; Congresses; Grazing; Congresses 189 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52 Grazing behavior and diet selection of goats. Lu, C.D. New York : Elsevier; 1988 Sep. Small ruminant research v. 1 (3): p. 205-216; 1988 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Grazing behavior; Browsing; Feed preferences; Extensive livestock farming; Eating; Rumination; Taste sensitivity; Energy expenditure; Feed intake 190 NAL Call. No.: QH301.N32 Grazing behaviour and herbage intake in cattle and sheep grazing indigenous hill plant communities. Armstrong, R.H.; Hodgson, J. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1986. NATO advanced science institutes series : Series A : Life sciences v. 108: p. 211-218; 1986. In the series analytic: Grazing research at northern latitudes / edited by O. Gudmundsson. Paper presented at a Workshop, August 5-10, 1985, Hvanneyri, Iceland. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Scotland; Cattle; Sheep; Feed intake; Grazing behavior; Herbage; Hill grasslands; Plant communities; Upland areas; Digestibility trials 191 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Grazing behaviour of Llamas, alpacas and sheep in the Andes of Peru. Pfister, J.A.; San Martin, F.; Rosales, L.; Sisson, D.V.; Flores, E.; Bryant, F.C. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1989 Jun. Applied animal behaviour science v. 23 (3): p. 237-246; 1989 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Peru; Llamas; Alpaca; Sheep; Grazing behavior; Mountain areas; Grazing time; Feeding habits 192 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Grazing distribution of sheep and kangaroos in a semi-arid woodland. Terpstra, J.W.; Wilson, A.D. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1989 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 24 (4): p. 343-352; 1989 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Sheep; Macropus; Grazing behavior; Woodlands; Feed preferences 193 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Grazing effects and range trend assessment on California bighorn sheep range. Wikeem, B.M.; Pitt, M.D. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1991 Sep. Journal of range management v. 44 (5): p. 466-470; 1991 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: British Columbia; Ovis canadensis; Grazing effects; Grasslands; Botanical composition; Plant ecology; Plant communities; Community ecology; Feeding preferences; Vigor; Feces composition; Plant succession; Forage; Grasses; Shrubs Abstract: This study investigated the effect of grazing by California bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis californiana) on plant community structure. Over 28 months from 1977 to 1979, bighorn diet consisted of 79 species, including 14 grasses, 47 forbs and bryophytes, plus 18 trees and shrubs. Grasses, forbs, and shrubs comprised 66.6, 18.9, and 14.5% of the diet, respectively. Three years of bighorn sheep grazing reduced (P < 0.05) leaf and culm lengths of bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith). Grazing generally reduced leaf length, basal diameter, culm (stem) length, and culm (stem) numbers of prairie Junegrass (Koeleria cristata Pers.), Sandberg's bluegrass (Poa sandbergii Vasey), needle-and-thread (Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr.), Thompson's paintbrush (Castilleja thompsonii Pennell), silky lupine (Lupinus sericeus Pursh), and snow buckwheat (Eriogonum niveum Dougl.). Vigor of arrowleaf balsamroot (Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.) was unaffected by grazing, despite its dietary importance. Total plant frequency remained unchanged between 1976 and 1983 in areas grazed by bighorn sheep, and in grazing exclosures. Total grass frequency declined from 46.5 to 30.8% within the exclosures, but increased from 44.7 to 48.8% in response to bighorn sheep grazing. Forb frequency remained unchanged after 7 years of bighorn sheep grazing while frequency of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) increased more inside exclosures than on the grazed area. Botanical composition of shrubs increased on grazed and ungrazed areas from 1976 to 1983, but frequency was unaffected by bighorn sheep grazing. Snow buckwheat and Wyeth buckwheat (Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.) declined in response to bighorn sheep grazing. Successional trends caused by California bighorn sheep grazing differed from trends expected from cattle grazing. 194 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Growth and carcass characteristics of lambs passively immunized with antibodies developed against ovine adipocyte plasma membranes. Nassar, A.H.; Hu, C.Y. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 69 (2): p. 578-586; 1991 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Fat percentage; Immune serum; Adipocytes; Plasma membranes; Passive immunity; Igg; Hematocrit; Growth; Fatty acids Abstract: Polyclonal antisera were collected from a mare immunized with ovine adipocyte plasma membranes. Ten crossbred wether lambs received three consecutive daily intraperitoneal injections of horse antisheep adipocyte plasma membrane immunoglobulin (ASIg) or nonimmune serum immunoglobulin (NSIg). Each injection delivered 1.5 ml serum Ig protein equivalent to either 53.4 mg ASIg or 51.1 mg NSIg per kilogram of live body weight. Lambs were housed in individual metabolic crates during the 28-d experiment and given ad libitum access to a pelleted, high-concentrate diet. Daily feed consumption was monitored individually over the experimental period and N retention was determined. Blood was collected on d 0, 4, 7, 14 and 28 for determination of nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), triacylglycerides (TG) and hematocrit. At the conclusion of the experiment, lambs were slaughtered and carcasses were evaluated. Passive immunization against sheep adipocyte plasma membrane reduced (P < .05) perirenal adipose tissue weight and decreased ether extract content of both subcutaneous and perirenal fat. Treatment tended to reduce average backfat thickness (24%) and estimated kidney pelvic fat (16%). Treatment with ASIg reduced (P < .05) blood plasma NEFA but did not alter blood TG or hematocrit values. Average daily weight gain was lower (P < .01) in the ASIg-treated group. However, the efficiency of carcass production, measured as carcass weight, was not affected by ASIg treatment. 195 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Growth of Merino weaner fed grain-based diets while grazing dry pasture or housed in feedlots. Suiter, R.J.; McDonald, C.L. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1987. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 27 (5): p. 629-632; 1987. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Western australia; Sheep; Oats; Feed grains; Grazing; Pastures; Feedlots; Dry feeding; Growth; Liveweight gains; Diet studies 196 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Herding and forage ingestion by sheep. El Aich, A.; Rittenhouse, L.R. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1988 May. Applied animal behaviour science v. 19 (3/4): p. 279-290; 1988 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Morocco; Sheep; Grazing behavior; Feeding behavior; Herds; Animal husbandry; Nutrient intake; Forage; Ingestion 197 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 AU72 A high level of nutrition during late pregnancy improves subsequent maternal behaviour of Merino ewes. Putu, I.G.; Poindron, P.; Lindsay, D.R. Sydney : Pergamon Press; 1988. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production v. 17: p. 294-297; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Spanish merino; Maternal nutrition; Maternal behavior; Pregnancy; Lambing 198 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Housing, stress, and welfare of sheep and goats--January 1981-June 1992. Kreger, M.D. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1992 Aug. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (92-59): 56 p.; 1992 Aug. Updates QB 91-21 and QB 91-22. Bibliography. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Goats; Animal housing; Animal welfare; Stress; Bibliographies 199 NAL Call. No.: 41.2 H198 1987 [no. 164] Huteschafhaltung in Niedersachsen eine Feldstudie zu Haltung, Futterung und Krakheiten unter besonderer Berucksichtigung des Tierschutzaspektes [Herded sheep flocks in Lower Saxony. a survey on production management, feeding and incidence of disease under consideration of animal welfare]. a survey on production management, feeding and incidence of disease under consideration of animal welfare Rohrssen, Folke Hannover : [s.n.],; 1987. 221 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. English summary. Includes bibliographical references (p.197-221). Language: German 200 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5 Hyaluronic acid as a substitute for proteins in the deep-freezing of embryos from mice and sheep: an in vitro investigation. Joly, T.; Nibart, M.; Thibier, M. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Feb. Theriogenology v. 37 (2): p. 473-480; 1992 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Mice; Morula; Embryo transfer; Frozen storage; Bovine serum albumin; Hyaluronic acid; In vitro; Embryo culture; Disease prevention; Embryo mortality; Blastocyst Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of frozen-thawed mouse and sheep embryos to develop in vitro after introducing hyaluronic acid (HA) into the freezing medium as a substitute for biological proteins. A total of 443 mouse embryos and 120 sheep embryos were divided into equal numbers to be frozen in one of two freezing media containing either 4 mg/ml BSA (control) or 1 mg/ml HA (treated). Overall, 80% of the mouse embryos developed after thawing, with no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the two freezing media. Similarly, 75% of the frozen-thawed sheep embryos developed in culture after thawing, with no differences (P > 0.05) between the two groups. It was concluded that although the handling of embryos is more difficult with the HA compound than with BSA, the HA compound may be safely substituted for BSA for international movement of embryos, if these preliminary results are confirmed in vivo. 201 NAL Call. No.: QP1.P4 Hyperphagia induced by pylorectomy in sheep. Malbert, C.H.; Ruckenbusch, Y. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1989 Mar. Physiology & behavior v. 45 (3): p. 495-499; 1989 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Hyperphagia; Pyloroplasty; Food intake; Feeding behavior 202 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Identification of sexual receptivity in ewes by young sexually inexperienced rams. Orgeur, P. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Jul. Applied animal behaviour science v. 31 (1/2): p. 83-90; 1991 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Sexual behavior; Rams; Identification 203 NAL Call. No.: 410 B77 The importance of amniotic fluids for the establishment of maternal behaviour in experienced and inexperienced ewes. Levy, F.; Poindron, P. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1987 Aug. Animal behaviour v. 35 (pt.4): p. 1188-1192; 1987 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Amniotic fluid; Maternal behavior; Stability 204 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Importance of behavioural stimuli in ram-induced ovulation in seasonally anovular Corriedale ewes. Rodriguez Inglesias, R.M.; Ciccioli, N.H.; Irazoqui, H.; Rodriguez, B.T. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 May. Applied animal behaviour science v. 30 (3/4): p. 323-332; 1991 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Rams; Corriedale; Ovulation; Estrus; Sexual behavior; Stimuli 205 NAL Call. No.: QP351.B45 Importance of beta-noradrenergic receptors in the olfactory bulb of sheep for recognition of lambs. Levy, F.; Gervais, R.; Kindermann, U.; Orgeur, P.; Piketty, V. Arlington, Va. : American Psychological Association; 1990 Jun. Behavioral neuroscience v. 104 (3): p. 464-469. ill; 1990 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Maternal behavior; Learning; Olfactory organs; Norepinephrine; Receptors; Antagonists 206 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 The importance of cleat spacing in ramp design for young pigs. Phillips, P.A.; Thompson, B.K.; Fraser, D. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1989 Jun. Canadian journal of animal science v. 69 (2): p. 483-486; 1989 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pigs; Loaders; Slopes; Design; Steps; Animal behavior 207 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 The importance of odour, appearance and voice in maternal recognition of the young in Merino sheep (Ovis aries). Alexander, G.; Shillito, E.E. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 293-301; 1985. Includes 12 references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Ovis aries; Form factors; Odors; Voice; Maternal behavior; Recognition 208 NAL Call. No.: QP1.P4 Importance of progesterone and estrogen priming for the induction of maternal behavior by vaginocervical stimulation in sheep: effects of maternal experience. Kendrick, K.M.; Keverne, E.B. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1991 Apr. Physiology & behavior v. 49 (4): p. 745-750; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Ovariectomized females; Progesterone; Estrogens; Maternal behavior; Vagina; Cervix; Stimulation Abstract: The effects of treating ovariectomised nulliparous and multiparous ewes with progesterone and estrogen on maternal behavior with or without vagino-cervical stimulation were investigated. Following 48 h of estrogen treatment there was neither evidence for stimulation of maternal behavior, nor a reduction in aggressive behavior, towards lambs by either multiparous or nulliparous ewes compared with control treatment (injections of the oil vehicle). Following 5 min of mechanical vaginocervical stimulation, the multiparous estrogen-treated ewes showed both positive maternal responses (low pitch bleats, licking, sniffing and approaching the lamb) and a reduction in aggression butts) and negative behavior (withdrawal from the lamb) towards the lambs, whereas the nulliparous ewes showed only a reduction in aggression and negative behavior. Neither group showed positive maternal responses following vaginocervical stimulation without steroid priming. When the ewes received two weeks of progesterone priming prior to estrogen treatment, both multiparous and nulliparous ewes showed reduced aggression towards, and withdrawal from, the lambs compared to the control condition, but no positive maternal responses apart from an increased sniffing of the lamb. After vaginocervical stimulation positive maternal responses showed by multiparous ewes were significantly potentiated compared to those shown following estrogen treatment alone. Nulliparous ewes remained unresponsive on positive maternal behaviors. These studies show that hormonal priming has little effect in inducing the onset of maternal behavior in multiparous or nulliparous sheep but is an essential prerequisite for vaginocervical stimulation to do so in multiparous animals. 209 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Importance of the first hour post-partum for exclusive maternal bonding in sheep. Alexander, G.; Poindron, P.; Le Neindre, P.; Stevens, D.; Levy, F.; Bradley, L. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1986 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 16 (3): p. 295-300; 1986 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambs; Newborn animals; Maternal behavior; Odors; Amniotic fluid 210 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Individual differences in temperament of dairy goats and the inhibition of milk ejection. Lyons, D.M. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1989 Apr. Applied animal behaviour science v. 22 (3/4): p. 269-282; 1989 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Milk production; Animal behavior; Differentiation; Milk ejection; Inhibition 211 NAL Call. No.: 410 B77 Individual differences in temperament of domestic dairy goats: constancy and change. Lyons, D.M.; Price, E.O.; Moberg, G.P. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1988 Sep. Animal behaviour v. 36 (pt.5): p. 1323-1333. ill; 1988 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Temperament; Behavior patterns; Pituitary; Adrenals; Tests 212 NAL Call. No.: S671.A33 An industry view of engineering research needs for livestock. Blackshaw, J.K. Victoria : Agricultural Engineering Society; 1990. Agricultural engineering Australia v. 19 (1): p. 14-15; 1990. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Livestock; Handling; Agricultural engineering; Research; Sheep; Shearing; Pig housing; Transport; Ultrasonic devices 213 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The influence of barley food rewards on sheep movement through a handling system. Hutson, G.D. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1985 Sep. Applied animal behaviour science v. 14 (3): p. 263-273; 1985 Sep. Includes 17 references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Learning; Memory; Training (animal); Movements; Conditioning; Rewards; Barley 214 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822 Influence of cotton-seed meal and barley grain supplements on intake, digestion, live-weight gain and wool growth in sheep fed NaOH-treated oat and wheat straw diets. Amaning-Kwarteng, K.; Kellaway, R.C. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1987 Feb. The Journal of agricultural science v. 108 (pt.1): p. 211-219; 1987 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Sheep; Barley; Cottonseed oilmeal; Digestion; Feed intake; Feed supplements; Oats; Straw; Wheat straw; Wool production; Feed composition tables 215 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A5 The influence of earlier mating experience of ewes on their subsequent mating behaviour and reproductive performance. Rosciszewska, Z.E. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1985 Oct. Animal reproduction science v. 9 (3): p. 223-229. ill; 1985 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Mating date; Mating behavior; Reproductive behavior 216 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The influence of factors associated with oestrus on the sexual "attractiveness" of ewes to rams. Tilbrook, A.J. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Apr. Applied animal behaviour science v. 17 (1/2): p. 117-128; 1987 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rams; Ewes; Estrus; Sexual behavior; Influences; Estrous cycle 217 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Influence of grazing pressure on forage quality and intake by sheep grazing smooth bromegrass. Jung, H.G.; Sahlu, T. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1989 Aug. Journal of animal science v. 67 (8): p. 2089-2097; 1989 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Wethers; Grazing intensity; Bromus inermis; Feed intake; Grazing behavior; Nutritional value 218 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Influence of litter size and parity on maternal behaviour at parturition in Scottish Blackface sheep. O'Connor, C.E.; Lawrence, A.B.; Wood-Gush, D.G.M. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 Jun. Applied animal behaviour science v. 33 (4): p. 345-355; 1992 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Maternal behavior; Lambs; Litter size; Twinning; Parous rates; Grooming; Sucking; Activity 219 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The influence of ram mating preferences and social interaction between rams on the proportion of ewes mated at field joining. Tilbrook, A.J.; Cameron, A.W.N.; Lindsay, D.R. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Aug. Applied animal behaviour science v. 18 (2): p. 173-184; 1987 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rams; Ewes; Mating preference; Mating behavior; Social interaction 220 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The influence of rearing conditions on the social relationships of young male goats (Capra hircus). Orgeur, P.; Mimouni, P.; Signoret, J.P. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Aug. Applied animal behaviour science v. 27 (1/2): p. 105-113; 1990 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Bucks; Social behavior; Age differences; Sexual behavior; Group behavior; Social dominance; Aggressive behavior; Semen 221 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The influence of social factors on the use of shade by sheep. Sherwin, C.M.; Johnson, K.G. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Aug. Applied animal behaviour science v. 18 (2): p. 143-155. ill; 1987 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Merino de l'est; Wethers; Animal behavior; Shade; Group behavior; Thermoregulation 222 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Interactions between normal ewes and newly born lambs deprived of visual, olfactory and tactile sensory information. Vince, M.A.; Lynch, J.J.; Mottershead, B.E.; Green, G.C.; Elwin, R.L. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Dec. Applied animal behaviour science v. 19 (1/2): p. 119-136; 1987 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambs; Sensory disorders; Vision; Olfaction; Animal behavior; Sucking; Udders; Maternal behavior 223 NAL Call. No.: 410 Z35 Interspecific communication in cooperative herding: acoustic and visual signals from human shepards and herding dogs. McConnell, P.B.; Baylis, J.R. Berlin, W. Ger. : Paul Parey; 1985 Jan. Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie v. 67 (114): p. 302-328. ill; 1985 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep dogs; Animal behavior; Communication between animals; Signals 224 NAL Call. No.: S3.A343 Introducing goats to the Pacific Islands. Kilduff, J. Surrey : Agraria Press; 1985 Dec. Agriculture international v. 37 (8): p. 308-310. ill; 1985 Dec. Language: English Descriptors: Pacific Islands; Western samoa; Goats; Introduction; Imported breeds; Animal breeding; Animal housing; Animal feeding; Grazing; Animal diseases; Economics; Rural development 225 NAL Call. No.: SF600.C82 Investigations on social space in open and restricted environments in sheep. Lawrence, A.B.; Wood-Gush, D.G.M. The Hague : Martinus Nijhoff; 1985. Current topics in veterinary medicine and animal science v. 35: p. 171-191. ill., maps; 1985. Paper presented at the "Seminar on the Social Space for Domestic Animals," January 10-11, 1985, Brussels. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Scotland; Open spaces; Sheep; Environmental factors; Space requirements; Seasonal behavior; Clustering; Loose housing 226 NAL Call. No.: SF380.3.G63 Is there scope for intensive dwarf goat production in the humid tropics? The Ife experience. Bosman, H.G.; Ademosun, A.A.; Roessen, P.L.; Huijsman, A. Wageningen : Pudoc; 1988. Goat production in the humid tropics : proceedings of a workshop at the University of Ife, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, 20-24 July 1987 / O.B. Smith and H.G. Bosman (Eds). p. 145-153. ill; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nigeria; Goat keeping; Intensive husbandry; Humid tropics; Intensive livestock farming; Productivity; Economic analysis; Animal housing; Design 227 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Lamb birthweight in sheep differently acclimatized to a hot environment. McCrabb, G.J.; McDonald, B.J.; Hennoste, L.M. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1993. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 44 (5): p. 933-943; 1993. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Australian merino; Ewes; Lambs; Birth weight; Body temperature; Heat adaptation; Heat stress; Pregnancy; Reproductive performance 228 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 AU72 Lamb desertion in primiparous and multiparous Merino ewes induced to lamb with dexamethasone. Putu, I.G.; Poindron, P.; Oldham, C.M.; Gray, S.J.; Ballard, M. Sydney : Pergamon Press; 1986. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production v. 16: p. 315-318; 1986. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambing; Dexamethasone; Lambs; Maternal behavior; Multiple births 229 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 Lamb mortality due to inadequate of twins by Merino ewes. Stevens, D.; Alexander, G.; Lynch, J.J. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 143-152; 1985. Includes 15 references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Twins; Mortality; Separation; Maternal effects; Ewes; Behavior 230 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The learning behaviour of sheep when introduced to wheat. I. Wheat acceptance by sheep and the effect of trough familiarity. Chapple, R.S.; Wodzicka-Tomaszewska, M.; Lynch, J.J. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Aug. Applied animal behaviour science v. 18 (2): p. 157-162; 1987 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Sheep; Merino de l'est; Learning ability; Feeding behavior; Wheat silage; Feeding frequency; Dry feeds; Troughs; Acceptability 231 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The learning behaviour of sheep when introduced to wheat. II. Social transmission of wheat feeding and the role of the senses. Chapple, R.S.; Wodzicka-Tomaszewska, M.; Lynch, J.J. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Aug. Applied animal behaviour science v. 18 (2): p. 163-172. ill; 1987 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Merino de l'est; Learning ability; Feeding behavior; Wheat silage; Olfaction; Sight; Hearing 232 NAL Call. No.: SF85.3.P76 Livestock behavior--the neglected link in understanding the plant-animal interface. Anderson, D.M.; Smith, J.N.; Hulet, C.V. Morrilton, Ark. : Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development; 1985. Proceedings of a conference on multispecies grazing : June 25-28, 1985, Winrock International, Morrilton, Arkansas / edited by Frank H. Baker, R. Katherine Jones. p. 116-148. maps; 1985. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Sheep; Common lands; Mixed grazing; Animal behavior; Case studies; Paddocks; Monitoring; Telemetry 233 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822 Low nutrition of ewes in early pregnancy and the residual effect on the offspring. Parr, R.A.; Williams, A.H.; Campbell, I.P.; Witcombe, G.F.; Roberts, A.M. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1986 Feb. The Journal of agricultural science v. 106 (pt.1): p. 81-87; 1986 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Victoria; Ewes; Australian merino; Undernutrition; Embryology; Ovulation; Pregnancy; Liveweight; Lambs; Progeny testing; Birth weight 234 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Lupins in grain diets for drought-affected lambs weaned at different ages. Kenney, P.A. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1987. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 27 (5): p. 625-628; 1987. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Lambs; Ewes; Lupinus; Drought; Stress conditions; Grain; Early weaning; Diet treatments; Growth rate; Survival; Productivity 235 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Luteinizing hromone, testosterone, and behavioral response of male-oriented rams to estrous ewes and rams. Perkins, A.; Fitzgerald, J.A. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Jun. Journal of animal science v. 70 (6): p. 1797-1794; 1992 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rams; Sexual behavior; Testosterone; Homosexuals; Lh; Lhrh; Blood plasma; Assays; Hormone secretion; Ewes Abstract: During the breeding season three experiments were conducted to evaluate the LH and testosterone M response of rams with male sexual orientation (e.g., male-oriented homosexual rams) to female sheep, to male sheep, and to treatment with LHRH. Male-oriented rams were identified through a series of sexual performance and sexual preference tests. Treatments included exposure to estrous females and to males for 15 min (Exp. 1) and exposure to estrous females and to males for 8 h (Exp. 2). Behavioral responses to stimulus animals were recorded. In Exp. 2 homosexual rams mounted males more than females (P < .02) and exhibited more flehmen (P < .002) and investigatory sniffs (P < .01) when exposed to males vs females. Acts of aggression (butting the stimulus animals) did not differ by gender (P > .1). Flehmen and butting were positively correlated to LH secretion (P < .02) of rams exposed to females but not to males. In Exp. 1, LH concentration determined every 15 min for 6 h was not affected (P > .05) by the gender of the stimulus animal. In Exp. 2, LH pulse frequency and concentration were similar (P > .05) by treatment. Lack of an LH response to sexual activity in homosexual rams was not a result of pituitary or gonadal insensitivity; within 1 h of a single injection of LHRH both LH and T increased (Exp. 3). Individual mean T concentrations were higher in five of seven homosexual rams when they were exposed to males vs females. As a group, mean T concentration during 8 h was higher (P < .1) when homosexual rams were exposed to males vs females. These data show that homosexual rams do not exhibit an endocrine response to estrous ewes. Sexual behaviors directed toward males do not influence LH secretion, but in some individuals T concentration increases. 236 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Magnitude of diet selection by sheep grazing smooth bromegrass. Jung, H.G.; Bennett, G.L.; Sahlu, T. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1989 Aug. Journal of animal science v. 67 (8): p. 2106-2115; 1989 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Wethers; Grazing; Feed preferences; Bromus inermis; Nutritional value 237 NAL Call. No.: 49 W89 Maintenance cost and sexual performance in young male sheep and goats: influence of rearing conditions. Orgeur, P.; Signoret, J.P. Rome : International Publishing Enterprises; 1991 Apr. World review of animal production v. 26 (2): p. 49-54; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Rams; Young animals; Puberty; Sexual behavior; Semen production; Ejaculation; Groups; Rearing techniques 238 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535 Male sexual behavior. Price, E.O. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1987 Jul. The Veterinary clinic of North America : food animal practice v. 3 (2): p. 405-422. ill; 1987 Jul. In the series analytic: Farm animal behavior / edited by E.O. Price. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Bulls; Rams; Boars; Cocks; Male animals; Sexual behavior; Mating preference; Mating performance; Dominance; Stimulation 239 NAL Call. No.: SF768.S77 Management and housing of animals in cold environments. Christopherson, R.J. Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press; 1985. Stress physiology in livestock / editor, Mohamed K. Yousef. v. 2 p. 175-194. ill; 1985. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cold zones; Cattle housing; Cattle husbandry; Cold; Environment; Pig housing; Sheep housing 240 NAL Call. No.: SF768.S77 Management and housing of farm animals in hot environments. Hahn, G.L. Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press; 1985. Stress physiology in livestock / editor, Mohamed K. Yousef. v. 2 p. 151-174. ill., maps; 1985. Literature review. Includes 9 references. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cattle husbandry; Cattle housing; Pig housing; Sheep housing; Sheep management; Environmental temperature; Heat 241 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.V8V52 Managing your family's dairy goats. Hartman, D.A. Blacksburg, Va. : Extension Division, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; 1988. Publication - Virginia Cooperative Extension Service (404-610): 8 p. ill; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Domestic animals; Goats; Animal housing; Feeding; Estrus; Animal breeding 242 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Maternal acceptance of alien lambs in ewes treated and untreated with oestrogen at birth. Alexander, G.; Stevesn, D.; Bradley, L.R. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1989. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 29 (2): p. 173-178; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Australian merino; Ewes; Sheep farming; Estrogens; Fostering; Lambs; Maternal behavior 243 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535 Maternal and neonatal behavior. Gonyou, H.W.; Stookey, J.M. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1987 Jul. The Veterinary clinic of North America : food animal practice v. 3 (2): p. 231-249. ill; 1987 Jul. In the series analytic: Farm animal behavior / edited by E.O. Price. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cows; Sows; Ewes; Maternal behavior; Neonatal development; Neonates; Animal behavior; Suckling; Weaning; Parturition; Recognition 244 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Maternal behavior in Border Leicester, Glen Vale (Border Leicester derived) and Merino sheep. Alexander, G.; Stevens, D.; Bradley, L.R.; Barwick, S.A. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1990. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 30 (1): p. 27-38; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New South Wales; Ewes; Australian merino; Border leicester; Crosses; Maternal behavior; Paddocks; Selection 245 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Maternal behaviour in ewes following caesarian section. Alexander, G.; Stevens, D.; Bradley, L.R. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1988 May. Applied animal behaviour science v. 19 (3/4): p. 273-277; 1988 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambs; Caesarean section; Maternal behavior 246 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Maternal interest in lambs smeared with polar and nonpolar substances. Alexander, G.; Goodrich, B.S.; Stevens, D.; Bradley, L.R. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1989. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 29 (4): p. 513-515; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Australian merino; Corriedale; Lambs; Maternal behavior; Oils; Paraffins 247 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 Maternal responses in Merino ewes to artificially colored lambs. Alexander, G.; Shillito, E.E. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 253-264; 1985. Includes 13 references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Maternal behavior; Responses; Lambs; Color; Animal behavior 248 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 Mating activity and its relationship to reproductive performance in Merino sheep. Fowler, D.G. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 1-12. maps; 1985. Includes 30 references. Language: English Descriptors: New South Wales; Mating; Mating behavior; Relationships; Reproductive performance; Sheep; Animal fertility 249 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5 Mating behavior, serum testosterone and semen characteristics in vasectomized and short scrotum rams. Tierney, L.A.; Hallford, D.M. Los Altos, Calif. : Geron-X; 1985 Mar. Theriogenology v. 23 (3): p. 535-545; 1985 Mar. Includes 17 references. Language: English Descriptors: Mating behavior; Testosterone; Semen characters; Vasectomy; Rams; Scrotum 250 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Mating behaviour of rams in pens. Kilgour, R.J. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1985. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 25 (2): p. 298-305; 1985. Includes 24 references. Language: English Descriptors: Rams; Mating behavior; Pens; Statistical analysis 251 NAL Call. No.: QP1.P4 Meal patterns of pygmy goats fed hay and concentrate ad lib. Senn, M.; Langhans, W.; Scharrer, E. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1990 Jul. Physiology & behavior v. 48 (1): p. 49-53; 1990 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Hay; Concentrates; Unrestricted feeding; Meal patterns; Feeding behavior; Feed intake; Light; Dark; Diurnal variation; Correlation Abstract: The meal patterns of pygmy goats fed hay and pelleted concentrate ad lib were recorded and analyzed. The pygmy goats consumed 8 hay meals [6 during the light phase (= light)/2 during the dark phase (= dark)] and 10 concentrate meals (7 during light/3 during dark) during 24 hr (12 hr light/12 hr dark). Sixty-two percent of hay and 74% of concentrate intake occurred during light. Total 24-hr hay (280 g) and concentrate (264 g) intakes were similar, but concentrate was preferred during dark. Concentrate meals were smaller during light than during dark. The mean feeding rate (g/min) within meals for both hay and concentrate was higher during dark than during light. Meal size and duration of postmeal interval were positively correlated for concentrate but not for hay. No significant positive correlation was found between meal size and duration of premeal interval. Separate analysis of diurnal and nocturnal meals indicated that the postmeal correlation for concentrate was evident primarily during dark. The results demonstrate that food intake in pygmy goats shows distinct diurnal variations and suggest that food intake in ruminants is regulated from meal to meal, with different factors prevailing during light and dark. 252 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Measures of libido and their relation to serving capacity in the ram. Price, E.O.; Erhard, H.; Borgwardt, R.; Dally, M.R. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Nov. Journal of animal science v. 70 (11): p. 3376-3380; 1992 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rams; Libido; Mating behavior; Ejaculation Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the ejaculation rate (serving capacity) of sexually experienced rams could be estimated by selected measures of sexual libido when rams were exposed to estrous ewes under conditions that prevented copulations. Twenty-four crossbred rams selected for either high or low rates of copulation were exposed to two restrained estrous ewes under three treatment conditions that 1) permitted the fur range of precopulatory and copulatory behaviors, 2) permitted precopulatory behaviors and mounting but precluded copulation, or 3) permitted precopulatory behaviors but not mounting or copulation. Frequencies of precopulatory behaviors (bouts of leg-kicking and anogenital sniffing) in each of the three treatment conditions and mounting frequency in Treatment 2 occurred in proportion to the ram's characteristic ejaculation rate (P < .001), suggesting that the mating potential of rams can be estimated under conditions that preclude copulation. Frequencies of precopulatory behaviors and mounting were lower when the rams were allowed to copulate, due largely to periods of sexual inactivity after ejaculations. 253 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55 Mechanical stimulation of rumen fill and alimentary behaviour in sheep. Baumont, R.; Malbert, C.H.; Ruckebusch, Y. S.l. : Durrant; 1990 Feb. Animal production v. 50 (pt.1): p. 123-128; 1990 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Rumen contents; Feeding behavior; Rumen motility; Stimulation; Rumen; Rumination 254 NAL Call. No.: QP1.P4 Medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic lesions and sociosexual behavior of male goats. Hart, B.L. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1986. Physiology & behavior v. 36 (2): p. 301-305. ill; 1986. Includes 19 references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Male animals; Hypothalamic lesions; Social behavior; Sexual behavior 255 NAL Call. No.: 104 N762M Mjolkegeiter pa fjellbeite. 2. Beitevanar og vegetasjonsbruk hja geiter pa fjellbeite (forebels melding) [Dairy goats grazing on mountain pastures. 2. Grazing behaviour of dairy goats on rangelands (preliminary report)]. Garmo, T.H.; Rekdal, Y. As : Det Universitet; 1986. Meldinger fra Norges landbrukshogskole; Scientific reports of the Agricultural University of Norway v. 65 (27): 16 p.; 1986. Includes references. Language: Norwegian Descriptors: Norway; Goats; Browsing; Feed preferences; Feeding behavior; Grazing; Mountain areas; Rangelands 256 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Mode of action of mouse epidermal growth factor on the wool follicles of merino sheep: an ultrastructural study. Hollis, D.E.; Chapman, R.E. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1989. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 40 (5): p. 1047-1063. ill; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New South Wales; Wethers; Australian merino; Wool; Follicles; Harvesting; Ultrastructure; Mice; Epidermis; Growth factors 257 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3 Modelling the dynamics of sheep flocks in Egypt. El-Shishiny, H.; Mansour, H.; Galal, E.S.E. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1987. Agricultural systems v. 23 (4): p. 301-309; 1987. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Egypt; Sheep; Flocks; Age structure; Animal husbandry; Age groups; Dynamic programming; Animal breeding; Models 258 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Modification of the responses of sheep to isolation stress by the use of mirror panels. Parrott, R.F.; Houpt, K.A.; Misson, B.H. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1988 May. Applied animal behaviour science v. 19 (3/4): p. 331-338; 1988 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Wethers; Animal behavior; Isolation; Mental stress; Mirrors; Hormone secretion; Cortisol; Prolactin 259 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 EX7 Morphologische und histologische Untersuchungen an den distalen Extremitatenenden von Merinofleischschafen bei einer Kombination der Spaltenbodenhaltung mit Weidegang [Morphological and histological studies on distal ends of extremities of Merino Mutton sheep kept under combined conditions of grating flooring and pasture]. Preusse, C.; Hoffmann, A.; Richter, P.; Schneider, J. Leipzig, E. Ger. : S. Hirzel; 1985. Archiv fur experimentelle Veterinarmedizin v. 39 (6): p. 797-804; 1985. Includes references. Language: German Descriptors: Sheep; Morphology; Histology; Limbs; Floors; Grazing; Exostoses 260 NAL Call. No.: 410 B77 Mother-daughter and peer relationships of Scottish hill sheep. Lawrence, A.B. London : Academic Press; 1990 Mar. Animal behaviour v. 39 (pt.3): p. 481-486; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Scottish blackface; Maternal behavior; Peer relationships; Movements; Seasonal fluctuations Abstract: Observations were made on the behaviour of juvenile ewes in a home-range group of Scottish hill sheep, Ovis aries. The group, including the juvenile ewes, remained on the hill throughout the year. In contrast to previous studies of hill sheep, whilst the juveniles remained in their natal group, their associations with their mothers declined from about 6 months of age onwards. There was no indication of any recovery in the mother-daughter bond by the end of the study. In this respect the present study concurs with other work on populations of feral and wild sheep. Whilst associations with mothers declined, the preference for peers increased in autumn and strengthened considerably in winter, as the juveniles formed peer groups that moved independently of older ewes. Peer associations declined the following summer as the juvenile ewes again became integrated into the larger group. Although juveniles did not associate with their mothers, cluster analysis of movement patterns showed that at 1 year old they tended to develop summer ranging behaviour similar to their mothers. It is suggested that separation from the mother and the development of relationships with peers have arisen in sheep as these social processes facilitate the formation and cohesion of large home range groups with the benefits that larger group sizes confer. 261 NAL Call. No.: 410 B77 Mother-daughter bonds in sheep. Lawrence, A.B. London : Academic Press; 1991 Oct. Animal behaviour v. 42 (pt.4): p. 683-685; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambs; Attachment behavior 262 NAL Call. No.: 23 N484 A multitude of benefits from extra fencing. Fisk, T. Auckland : New Zealand Newspapers; 1985 Feb28. The New Zealand farmer v. 106 (4): p. 15-17. ill; 1985 Feb28. Language: English Descriptors: New Zealand; Livestock farming; Sheep; Cattle; Fencing 263 NAL Call. No.: SF383.J381 The new goat handbook housing, care, feeding, sickness, and breeding : with a special chapter on using the milk, meat, and hair.. Ziegen Jaudas, Ulrich,; Kohler, Fritz W.; Vriends, Matthew M., New York : Barron's,; 1989. 93 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 20 cm. Translation of: Ziegen. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English; German Descriptors: Goats 264 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A33 Newborn lambs and their dams: the interaction that leads to sucking. Vince, M.A. San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1993. Advances in the study of behavior v. 22: p. 239-268; 1993. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambs; Maternal behavior; Suckling 265 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The newly born lamb's patterns of movement before, during and after the first sucking bout. Vince, M.A. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 Mar. Applied animal behaviour science v. 33 (1): p. 27-33; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Newborn animals; Movement; Behavior patterns; Sucking; Dams (mothers) 266 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 Nitrogen transformations and duodenal amino acid content in sheep given four forage diets and exposed to warm and cold ambient temperatures. Kennedy, P.M.; Early, R.J.; Christopherson, R.J.; Milligan, L.P. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1986 Dec. Canadian journal of animal science v. 66 (4): p. 951-957; 1986 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep feeding; Environmental temperature; Forage; Nitrogen metabolism; Amino acids; Duodenum; Digesta; Cold stress; Pelleted feeds 267 NAL Call. No.: QL751.B4 Nomadic pastoralits adopt subsistence strategies that maximise long-term household survival. Mace, R. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1993. Behavioral ecology and sociobiology v. 33 (5): p. 329-334; 1993. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Kenya; Cabt; Sheep; Goats; Breeding; Survival; Models 268 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822 Not all sheep prefer clover: diet selection revisited. Newman, J.A.; Parsons, A.J.; Harvey, A. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Oct. The Journal of agricultural science v. 119 (pt.2): p. 275-283; 1992 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: England; Sheep; Border leicester; Cheviot; Crossbreds; Ewes; Feeding preferences; Lolium perenne; Trifolium repens 269 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 A note on diet selection by goats on a semi-arid temperate rangeland throughout the year. Ricardi, C.; Shimada, A. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 May. Applied animal behaviour science v. 33 (2/3): p. 239-247; 1992 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Feeding preferences; Seasonal variation; Grazing; Rangelands; Semiarid zones; Temperate zones; Shrubs; Grasses; Cactaceae; Browse plants 270 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55 A note on the behaviour of individually-penned sheep regarding their use for research purposes. Marsden, D.; Wood-Gush, D.G.M. Neston, South Wirral, England : British Society of Animal Production; 1986 Feb. Animal production v. 42 (pt.1): p. 157-159; 1986 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Abnormal behavior; Animal behavior; Unrestricted feeding; Pens; Sheep housing 271 NAL Call. No.: 410 B77 Nursing behavior of bighorn sheep: correlates of ewe age, parasitism, lamb age, birthdate and sex. Festa-Bianchet, M. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1988 Sep. Animal behaviour v. 36 (pt.5): p. 1445-1454; 1988 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Alberta; Ovis canadensis; Nursing; Animal behavior; Lambs; Ewes; Age; Sex; Birth; Correlation; Suckling; Protostrongylus; Parasitism 272 NAL Call. No.: 382 SO12 Nutrition and management of goats for fibre and meat. Russel, A.J.F. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science; 1990. Journal of the science of food and agriculture v. 53 (1): p. 124-125; 1990. Summary of paper presented at the Agriculture Group Symposium "Alternative Livestock: Nutrition and Management," Society of Chemical Industry; February 20, 1990, London. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Goat keeping; Goat feeding; Meat production; Animal fibers 273 NAL Call. No.: SF95.R47 Nutrition of intensively reared lambs. Jones, R.; Knight, R.; White, A. London : Butterworths; 1989. Recent advances in animal nutrition. p. 195-208; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Animal nutrition; Intensive farming 274 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Nutritive value of Albizia lebbeck supplements for growing sheep. Dwatmadji; Teleni, E.; Bird, A.R.; Lowry, J.B. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1992. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 32 (3): p. 273-278; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Wethers; Australian merino; Albizia lebbek; Astrebla; Digestibility; Feed intake; Feed supplements; Hay; Nutritive value; Unrestricted feeding; Liveweight 275 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 AU72 Observations on the effectiveness of prefabricated wire fences for fibre goats and sheep. McGregor, B.A. Sydney : Pergamon Press; 1990. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production v. 18: p. 292-295; 1990. Meeting held on July 8-12, 1990, Adelaide, South Australia. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Sheep; Fences 276 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 Odour cues to maternal recognition of lambs: an investigation of some possible sources. Alexander, G.; Stevens, D. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 309-319; 1985. Includes 10 references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Maternal behavior; Recognition; Odors; Lambs 277 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Oestrus in the British White goat: timing of plasma luteininzing hormone surge and changes in behavioural and vaginal traits in relationship to onset of oestrus. Llewelyn, C.A.; Perrie, J.; Luckins, A.G.; Munro, C.D. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1993 Mar. British veterinary journal v. 149 (2): p. 171-182; 1993 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Estrus; Lh; Timing; Detection; Vagina; Sexual behavior Abstract: Length of oestrus and timing of the LH surge was measured in six British White does, housed with a vasectomized buck (experiment 1). The following breeding season, pulsatile LH release during the cycle was measured in eight does and the pattern of behavioural and vaginal traits in relation to onset of oestrus (time 0) determined (experiment 2). In experiment 1, the interval to first oestrus after introduction of the buck on 1st October was 10.3 +/- 3.0 days (n=6) but in experiment 2, when the buck was put in on 1st September, first oestrus occurred after 39.3 +/- 3.4 days in 7/8 does and 7 days in 1/8 does indicating that adequate exposure to short days is needed before the buck can initiate ovarian activity. LH pulse frequency increased from 0-1 pulses/8 h to 3 pulses/8 h after luteolysis, with no change in pulse amplitude, suggesting that progesterone regulates LH pulse frequency. Mean LH values rose from basal to 102.1 +/- 7.8 ng/ml, 12 +/- 1.5 h after the onset of oestrus, which was 16.3 +/- 1.7 h in length. Does sought out the buck and displayed tail wagging, bleating and restlessness from -60 h to +36 h relative to the onset of oestrus (time 0). The incidence of these activities rose at -12 h and peaked at 0 h. Tail wagging, but not bleating or restlessness, also increased in intensity at 0 h, as did the intensity with which the doe actively sought out the buck. Vulval redness and swelling and onset of a clear thin vaginal discharge were first observed 1-2 days before oestrus, becoming maximal on day 0. It was concluded that onset of frequent tail wagging was the most useful trait for detecting onset of oestrus. 278 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Operant technology applied to solving farm animal problems. An assessment. Kilgour, R.; Foster, T.M.; Temple, W.; Matthews, L.R.; Bremner, K.J. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Apr. Applied animal behaviour science v. 30 (1/2): p. 141-166; 1991 Apr. Bibliography. Literature review. Language: English Descriptors: New Zealand; Animal behavior; Animal experiments; Conditioning; Perception; Cattle; Dogs; Goats; Hens; Horses; Pigs; Sheep; Bibliographies; Literature reviews; Responses; Stimuli; Feeding preferences 279 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Pair-association in twin lambs before and after weaning. Shillito Walser, E.; Williams, T. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1986 Jun. Applied animal behaviour science v. 15 (3): p. 241-245; 1986 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Twins; Sheep breeds; Animal behavior; Relationships; Dams (mothers); Weaning 280 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Parallel changes in the proceptive and receptive behaviour of the ewe. Tilbrook, A.J.; Hemsworth, P.H.; Topp, J.S.; Cameron, A.W.N. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Aug. Applied animal behaviour science v. 27 (1/2): p. 73-92; 1990 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Sexual behavior; Estrus; Ovariectomized females 281 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3 Pastoralist herd compositions in unpredictable environments: a comparison of model predictions and data from camel-keeping groups. Mace, R. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1990. Agricultural systems v. 33 (1): p. 1-11; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Africa south of sahara; Camels; Goat keeping; Pastoralism; Agricultural households; Livestock numbers; Herd structure; Environmental factors; Drought; Household income; Food consumption; Comparisons; Models 282 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Patterns of ingestive bahaviour of sheep continuously stocked on monocultures of ryegrass or white clover. Penning, P.D.; Rook, A.J.; Orr, R.J. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Aug. Applied animal behaviour science v. 31 (3/4): p. 237-250; 1991 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Feeding behavior; Trifolium repens; Lolium perenne; Feed intake; Monoculture; Behavior change; Behavior patterns 283 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A55 Performance and carcass characteristics of Sudan desert sheep and goats on high roughage diets with added fat. El Hag, M.G.; Kurdi, O.I.; Mahgoub, S.O. Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1985 Oct. Animal feed science and technology v. 13 (1/2): p. 147-153; 1985 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sudan; Sheep; Goats; Diet studies; Digestibility; Feed intake; Roughage; Tallow; Performance; Carcass composition; Liveweight gains 284 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52 Performance of goat kids raised in a non-insulated barn at low temperatures. Eik, L.O. New York : Elsevier; 1991 Jan. Small ruminant research v. 4 (1): p. 95-100; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Norway; Kids; Environmental temperature; Goat breeds; Barns; Insulation; Cold resistance; Feed intake; Survival; Growth rate 285 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52 Performance of Somali Blackhead sheep and Galla goats in northern Kenya. Blackburn, H.D.; Field, C.R. New York : Elsevier; 1990 Oct. Small ruminant research v. 3 (6): p. 539-549; 1990 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Kenya; Sheep; Somali; Goats; Semiarid zones; Milk production; Liveweight gain; Grazing behavior; Milking interval; Forage; Botanical composition 286 NAL Call. No.: SF85.4.A9G72 1985 Perinatal and post-shearing losses in sheep. Lynch, J.J. Indooroopilly, QLD : Australian Veterinary Association (Queensland Division); 1985. Grazing Animal Welfare Symposium : proceedings of a symposium held at the Bardon Professional Development Centre, Brisbane, on April 26th and 27th, 1985 / [editors: Brian L. Moore and Peter J. Chenoweth]. p. 83-94; 1985. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Sheep; Perinatal mortality; Wool production; Fleecing; Cold; Heat stress; Shelter; Losses; Lambs; Hypothermia; Disease prevention 287 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The phenomenon of pandiculation in the kinetic behaviour of the sheep fetus. Fraser, A.F. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1989 Sep. Applied animal behaviour science v. 24 (2): p. 169-182. ill; 1989 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Fetus; Movements; Animal behavior 288 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Physical and behavioural factors affecting the sexual "attractiveness" of the ewe. Tilbrook, A.J. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Apr. Applied animal behaviour science v. 17 (1/2): p. 109-115; 1987 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Rams; Estrus; Sexual behavior; Mating behavior 289 NAL Call. No.: SF600.C82 Physiological responses to isolation in sheep. Parrot, R.F. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1990. Current topics in veterinary medicine and animal science v. 53: p. 212-226; 1990. In the series analytic: Social stress in domestic animals / edited by R. Zayan and R. Dantzer. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pigs; Stress; Isolation; Animal physiology 290 NAL Call. No.: 105.8 H686D 1986 [no.46] Physiologische Parameter als Hilfsmerkmale zur Abschatzung der Schlachtkorperzusammensetzung in der Schafzucht [Physiological parameters as a helping feature in the evaluation of the slaughtered body composition in sheep rearing]. Herdtle, Petra, Hohenheim : [s.n.],; 1986. 80 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. (Inaugural-Dissertation / Universitat Hohenheim ; 1986, [no. 46]). Includes vita. Bibliography: p. 70-80. Language: German 291 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 Preference tests of ramp designs for young pigs. Phillips, P.A.; Thompson, B.K.; Fraser, D. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1988 Mar. Canadian journal of animal science v. 68 (1): p. 41-48. ill; 1988 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pigs; Young animals; Animal behavior; Tests; Pig housing; Loaders; Design 292 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 Preferences for sibling or mother in Dalesbred and Jacob twin lambs. Shillito, E.; Hague, W.P.; Yeomans, M. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 393-401; 1985. Includes 8 references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Twins; Behavior; Responses; Ewes; Sheep breeds 293 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Preparturient behavior of confined ewes: time budgets, frequencies, spatial distribution and sequential analysis. Echeverri, A.C.; Gonyou, H.W.; Ghent, A.W. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 Sep. Applied animal behaviour science v. 34 (4): p. 329-344; 1992 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Prepartum period; Reproductive behavior; Incidence; Time; Spatial distribution; Sequences; Lambing; Locomotion; Social interaction 294 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Priority of access to limited feed, butting hierarchy and movement order in a large group of sheep. Sherwin, C.M. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Jan. Applied animal behaviour science v. 25 (1/2): p. 9-24; 1990 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Flocks; Social dominance; Feeding habits; Agonistic behavior; Movement 295 NAL Call. No.: SF61.B6318 1988 Produccion comercial de animales de granja bovinos, porcinos, ovinos, equinos y aves de corral.. Scientific farm animal production, 1a ed.. Bogart, Ralph,; Taylor, Robert E. Mexico, D.F. : Editorial Limusa : Noriega Editores,; 1988. 515 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Translated from English. Includes bibliographical references. Language: Spanish Descriptors: Livestock 296 NAL Call. No.: 49 F84 Productivites horaires du trayeur dans deux installations de traite de petites dimensions pour brebis laitieres [Productivity of a milker in two small sized milking parlours for ewes]. Le Du, J. Paris : Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; 1986. Annales de zootechnie v. 35 (2): p. 161-171; 1986. Includes references. Language: French Descriptors: Ewes; Ewe milk; Milkers; Milking parlors; Labor productivity 297 NAL Call. No.: 49 An55 Prolonged administration of a beta-agonist, salbutamol, to lambs does not impair metabolic or endocrine responses to the stress of dipping. Bassett, J.M.; Bowman, A.S.; Hanson, C.; Rodway, R.G.; Speed, P. East Lothian, Scotland : Durrant; 1993 Feb. Animal production v. 56 (pt.1): p. 107-114; 1993 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Beta-adrenergic agonists; Dosage effects; Stress; Stress factors; Dips; Blood plasma; Lactates; Glucose; Fatty acids; Insulin; Hormone secretion; Metabolites; Growth promoters 298 NAL Call. No.: QH540.A8 Prolonged exposure to sheep grazing reduces the palatability of Australian saltbush populations. Pearson, J.T.; Sparrow, A.D.; Lange, R.T. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1990 Sep. Australian journal of ecology v. 15 (3): p. 337-344; 1990 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Grazing; Atriplex; Palatability; Feeding behavior 299 NAL Call. No.: HV4890.A3T68 Pulling the wool a new look at the Australian wool industry. Townend, Christine Elizabeth Sydney, NSW : Hale & Iremonger,; 1985. 157 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. Bibliography: p. 151-157. Language: English Descriptors: Merino sheep; Sheep industry; Australia; Animal welfare; Australia; Animal welfare 300 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222 Pulsatile release of oxytocin into the circulation of the ewe during oestrus, mating and the early luteal phase. Gilbert, C.L.; Jenkins, K.; Wathes, D.C. Colchester : The Journal; 1991 Jan. Journal of reproduction and fertility v. 91 (1): p. 337-346; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Oxytocin; Lh; Progesterone; Hormone secretion; Estrus; Estrous cycle; Copulation; Mating behavior 301 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 A quantitative ethogram of behavior of yearling ewes during two hours post-parturition. McGlone, J.J.; Stobart, R.H. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1986 Sep. Applied animal behaviour science v. 16 (2): p. 157-164; 1986 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Age; Parturition; Ewe lactation; Suckling; Animal behavior; Survival; Lambs 302 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 Radiographic studies of postural behaviour in the sheep fetus. I. Simple fetal movements. Fraser, A.F.; Terhune, M. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 71-84. ill; 1985. Includes 8 references. Language: English Descriptors: Fetus; Sheep; Behavior; Posture; Radiography; Movements 303 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 Radiographic studies of postural behaviour in the sheep fetus. II. Complex fetal movements. Fraser, A.F.; Terhune, M. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 85-96. ill; 1985. Includes 16 references. Language: English Descriptors: Fetus; Sheep; Behavior; Posture; Radiography; Movements 304 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 OR32C Raising and training a livestock-guarding dog. Lorenz, J.R.; Coppinger, L. Corvallis, Or. : The Service; 1989 Jan. Extension circular - Oregon State University, Extension Service v.): 8 p. ill; 1989 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Oregon; Sheep dogs; Guard dogs; Sheep management; Training (animal); Behavior problems; Information sources 305 NAL Call. No.: SF371.S43 Raising sheep in total confinement and how to make it succeed. Chalmers, L. Sacramento, Calif. : Spilman Press; 1987. Sheep and goat handbook v. 5: p. 222-228; 1987. Language: English Descriptors: Canada; U.S.A.; Sheep farming; Lamb production; Production costs; Investment; Capital 306 NAL Call. No.: 1.98 AG84 Ramifications of sheep breeding behavior. Corliss, J. Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1993 Mar. Agricultural research - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service v. 41 (3): p. 18-19; 1993 Mar. Language: English Descriptors: Rams; Mating behavior; Breeding value; Breeding efficiency; Testosterone; Prenatal period 307 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 Ramp designs for young pigs. Phillips, P.A.; Thompson, B.K.; Fraser, D. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1987. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 87-4511): 11 p.; 1987. Paper presented at the 1987 Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pig housing; Young animals; Stairs; Design; Steps 308 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773 The reaction of grazing sheep and cattle to the presence of dung from the same or the other species. Forbes, T.D.A.; Hodgson, J. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1985 Jun. Grass and forage science v. 40 (2): p. 177-182; 1985 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Wethers; Cattle; Farmyard manure; Mixed grazing; Grazing behavior 309 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Recorded sounds associated with feeding did not affect feeding behavior of lambs. Tanida, H.; Hohenboken, W.D.; Swanson, L.V. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1985 Jan. Applied animal behaviour science v. 13 (3): p. 275-281; 1985 Jan. Includes 15 references. Language: English Descriptors: Oregon; Lambs; Cross breeding; Feeding behavior; Sounds 310 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Reflexes and loss of sensibility following head-to-back electrical stunning in sheep. Anil, M.H.; McKinstry, J.L. London : The Association; 1991 Feb02. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 128 (5): p. 106-107; 1991 Feb02. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Stunning; Head; Heart; Reflexes; Responses; Animal welfare 311 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55 Relationship between lamb vigour and ewe behaviour at parturition. O'Connor, C.E.; Lawrence, A.B. East Lothian, Scotland : Durrant; 1992 Jun. Animal production v. 54 (pt.3): p. 361-366; 1992 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Maternal behavior; Survival; Breed differences; Sucking 312 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Relationship of circulating estrogen and progesterone concentrations during late pregnancy and the onset phase of maternal behavior in the ewe. Shipka, M.P.; Ford, S.P. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Jul. Applied animal behaviour science v. 31 (1/2): p. 91-99; 1991 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Maternal behavior; Estrogens; Blood plasma; Progesterone; Pregnancy; Prepartum period; Postpartum period 313 NAL Call. No.: 470 C16D Relationships between group size, feeding time, and agonistic behavior of mountain goats. Risenhoover, K.L.; Bailey, J.A. Ottawa, Canada : National Research Council of Canada; 1985 Nov. Canadian journal of zoology; Journal canadien de zoologie v. 63 (11): p. 2501-2506; 1985 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Colorado; Mountain areas; Tundra; Wild goats; Animal behavior; Feeding behavior; Group effect; Game management 314 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Relationships between heart rates and behavior of goats in encounters with people. Lyons, D.M.; Price, E.O. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Oct. Applied animal behaviour science v. 18 (3/4): p. 363-369; 1987 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Females; Animal behavior; Heart rate; People; Avoidance conditioning 315 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 The repeatability of rearing performance of Merino and Dorset Horn ewes and its relationship with mature pelvic size. Haughey, K.G.; George, J.M.; McGuirk, B.J. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1985. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 25 (3): p. 541-549; 1985. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New South Wales; Ewes; Lamb production; Lambing; Pelvis; Size; Relationships; Repeatability 316 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A5 Repeatability of the plasma luteinizing-hormone response to two consecutive injections of gonadotropin- releasing hormone to prepubertal ewe-lambs reared in individual pens. Gur-Arie, E.; Rosenberg, M.; Hillel, J.; Folman, Y.; Eyal, E. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1986 Oct. Animal reproduction science v. 12 (2): p. 85-97; 1986 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambs; Lh; Plasma; Gonadotropin releasing hormone; Prepubertal period; Pens 317 NAL Call. No.: S269.C9 Replacement of soybean meal by broad bean or common vetch grain in lamb and kid fattening diets. Koumas, A.; Economides, S. Nicosia : The Institute; 1987 Feb. Technical bulletin - Agricultural Research Institute (88): 5 p.; 1987 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Kids; Lamb fattening; Kid feeding; Soybean oilmeal; Faba beans; Vetch; Digestibility; Growth rate; Performance 318 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Reproductive performance of Finnish Landrace and Suffolk sheep maintained indoors year-round. Hackett, A.J.; Wolynetz, M.S. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1985 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 60 (2): p. 334-341; 1985 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Reproductive performance; Finnish landrace; Suffolk; Female fertility; Ewes; Sheep housing 319 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Researching the plant-animal interface: the investigation of ingestive behavior in grazing animals. Forbes, T.D.A. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1988 Sep. Journal of animal science v. 66 (9): p. 2369-2379; 1988 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Sheep; Grazing behavior; Feed intake; Biting rate; Plant morphology 320 NAL Call. No.: RA641.A7H67 Resistance expressed by hosts to feeding by adult lone star ticks. Needham, G.R.; Jaworski, D.; Pemberton, B.; Muller, M.T. Vero Beach, FL : University of Forida-IFAS, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory; 1986. Host regulated developmental mechanisms in vector arthropods : proceedings of the Vero Beach symposium, Vero Beach, Florida, February 3-6, 1986 / edited by D. Borovsky and A. Spielman. p. 168-174; 1986. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Amblyomma Americanum; Host parasite relationships; Resistance; Feeding behavior; Cattle; Sheep 321 NAL Call. No.: QL750.O3 Resource partitioning by ungulates on the Isle of Rhum. Gordon, I.J.; Illius, A.W. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1989. Oecologia v. 79 (3): p. 383-389; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Scotland; Cattle; Cervus elaphus; Goats; Horses; Feeding behavior; Agrostis; Festuca; Competition; Habitats 322 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Response of bonded and non-bonded sheep to the approach of a trained border collie. Anderson, D.M.; Hulet, C.V.; Shupe, W.L.; Smith, J.N.; Murray, L.W. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1988 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 21 (3): p. 251-257; 1988 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Cattle; Free range husbandry; Bonds; Protection; Predators; Dogs; Animal behavior 323 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 Responses of tranquilized post-partum ewes to alien lambs. Tomlinson, K.A.; Price, E.O.; Torell, D.T. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 171-179; 1985. Includes 11 references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Postpartum interval; Neuroleptics; Behavior; Responses; Lambs 324 NAL Call. No.: QH541.5.D4J6 Responses of young and mature wethers exposed to micromist cooling in feedlot environments. Razzaque, M.A.; Ibnoaf, M.O.M. London : Academic Press; 1990 Nov. Journal of arid environments v. 19 (3): p. 341-351; 1990 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Wethers; Lambs; Animal housing; Cooling; Mists; Liveweight gain; Water intake; Feed intake; Body temperature; Heart rate; Respiration rate; Carcass composition 325 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Responses to protein plus energy supplements of pregnant ewes eating mature grass diets. Stephenson, R.G.A.; Bird, A.R. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1992. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 32 (2): p. 157-162; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Ewes; Sheep; Australian merino; Cottonseed oilmeal; Grasses; Molasses; Nutritional state; Protein supplements; Birth weight; Liveweight; Metabolism 326 NAL Call. No.: KF27.A366 1991b Review of the pricing and marketing process for lamb in the United States hearings before the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, September 18, 1991, Denver, CO, and October 31, 1991. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Washington : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office,; 1992; Y 4.AG 8/1:102-36. v, 454 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Shipping list no.: 92-0632-P. Serial no. 102-36. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Lamb (Meat); Lamb meat industry 327 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 Role of auditory and visual cues in mutual recognition between ewes and lambs in Merino sheep. Alexander, G. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 321-337; 1985. Includes 15 references. Language: English Descriptors: New South Wales; Ewes; Lambs; Sheep; Hearing; Sight; Recognition; Animal behavior 328 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222 Role of dihydrotestosterone in the control of sexual behaviour on castrated male sheep. Crichton, J.S.; Lishman, A.W.; Hundley, M.; Amies, C. Colchester : The Journal; 1991 Sep. Journal of reproduction and fertility v. 93 (1): p. 9-17; 1991 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Wethers; Testosterone; Metabolites; Implantation; Estradiol; Estrone; Immunization; Sexual behavior 329 NAL Call. No.: 448.8 J8293 Roles of progesterone and oestradiol in determining the temporal sequence and quantitative expression of sexual receptivity and the preovulatory LH surge in the ewe. Fabre-Nys, C.; Martin, G.B. Bristol : The Journal; 1991 Sep. The Journal of endocrinology v. 130 (3): p. 367-379; 1991 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Ovariectomized females; Sexual behavior; Estrus; Lh; Hormone secretion; Estradiol; Progesterone; Timing; Preovulatory period; Quantitative techniques Abstract: In a series of experiments using a quantitative method for measuring receptivity and implants that allowed rapid and controlled changes in the blood concentrations of oestradiol-170 and progesterone, we have re-examined the roles of these steroids in the induction of sexual behaviour and the LH surge in ovariectomized ewes. Progesterone priming was found to increase the proportion of ewes showing oestrus, reduce the latency to the onset of oestrus, and increase the 'intensity' of the behaviour as measured by the receptivity index, but it did not affect the size of the LH surge. Progesterone was able to facilitate the expression of oestrus even when it was withdrawn 8 days before oestrogen treatment, suggesting that it exerts its effect by restoring the sensitivity of the oestrogen- refractory animal to oestrogen. When it was present at the time oestrogen was administered, progesterone inhibited the stimulatory effect of oestrogen, but this effect disappeared as soon as the progesterone was withdrawn. Thereafter, expression of both the behavioural and endocrine responses was delayed by 24-30 h. These data show that the timing of the preovulatory behavioural and endocrine events is determined primarily by the time of progesterone withdrawal. The amount of oestradiol and the timing of any rise in concentration serve only to modulate these effects. 330 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535 Routine sheep and goat procedures. Williams, C.S.F. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1990 Nov. The Veterinary clinics of North America : food animal practice v. 6 (3): p. 737-758; 1990 Nov. In the series analytic: Advances in sheep and goat medicine / edited by M. C. Smith. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Goats; Handling; Restraint; Blood sampling; Identification; Feet; Docking; Castration; Drug therapy; Dehorning; Surgical operations; Skin glands; Wattles; Newborn animals 331 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 C33 Ruse a uzitkovost beranku v centralnim odchovu do veku deseti mesicu [Growth and efficiency of ram lambs kept in the central rearing house until the age of ten months]. Slana, O.; Stolc, L.; Skrivan, M.; Sykorova, A. Praha : Ustav; 1985 Feb. Zivocisna vyroba - Ceskoslovenska akademie zemedelska, Ustav vedeckotechnickych informaci pro zemedelstvi v. 30 (2): p. 139-146; 1985 Feb. Includes references. Language: Czech Descriptors: Rams; Lambs; Growth; Rearing techniques; Wool production 332 NAL Call. No.: SF85.4.A9G72 1985 Sale by description and marketing alternatives. Wilcock, K.R. Indooroopilly, QLD : Australian Veterinary Association (Queensland Division); 1985. Grazing Animal Welfare Symposium : proceedings of a symposium held at the Bardon Professional Development Centre, Brisbane, on April 26th and 27th, 1985 / [editors: Brian L. Moore and Peter J. Chenoweth]. p. 155-159; 1985. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Cattle; Sheep; Lambs; Marketing; Sales; Handling; Transport 333 NAL Call. No.: SF968.S3 1987 Schafhaltung Hygiene und Erkrankungen [Sheep production]., 1. Aufl.. Marx, Ilona; Drehkopf, E.-D Jena : G. Fischer,; 1987. 202 p. : ill. ; 20 cm. (Tierarztliche Praxis). Includes index. Bibliography: p. [189]-192. Language: German Descriptors: Sheep; Diseases; Sheep; Housing 334 NAL Call. No.: 49 T443 Schafraufe--Rationalisierungsmittel fur die Tierproduktion [Sheep rack for rationatization of sheep farming]. Kahne, B. Berlin, E. Ger. : Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der DDR; 1985. Tierzucht v. 39 (7): p. 318-319. ill; 1985. Language: German Descriptors: Racks; Sheep; Animal husbandry; Feeds 335 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5 Seasonal changes in LH, androgens and testes in the male Angora goat. Ritar, A.J. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Dec. Theriogenology v. 36 (6): p. 959-972; 1991 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Bucks; Seasonal variation; Seasonality; Lh; Androgens; Hormone secretion; Testes; Size; Photoperiod Abstract: Six adult Angora bucks, housed under natural photoperiod for 15 months in a temperate southern hemisphere environment, were examined for seasonal changes in testicular size and secretion of LH and androgens. The pattern of testicular growth and regression lagged behind the photoperiod by 9 weeks over which time the continuing development due to maturation of the animals was superimposed. The seasonal secretion of androgens was parallel to, but lagged behind, the photoperiod by 16 weeks. Blood sampling over 24 hours every second month revealed that the mean LH and androgens levels were respectively 47 and 876% higher in March than at their lowest levels at the end of the breeding season (July), and the secretion of both hormones remained low from July to January. There appeared to be no diurnal pattern for the secretion of either hormone at any time of the year. 336 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52 Seasonality of goat diet and plant acceptabilities in the coastal scrub of Baja California, Mexico. Genin, D.; Pijoan, A.P. Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1993 Feb. Small ruminant research v. 10 (1): p. 1-11; 1993 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mexico; Goats; Browsing; Feeding preferences; Semi-desert scrub; Botanical composition; Seasonal variation; Dry season; Wet season; Acceptability; Multivariate analysis 337 NAL Call. No.: QH301.B52 Seawater consumption and water economy of tropical feral goats. Burke, M.G. St. Louis, Mo. : Association for Tropical Biology; 1990 Dec. Biotropica v. 22 (4): p. 416-419; 1990 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Seychelles; Wild goats; Animal physiology; Drinking behavior; Islands; Kidneys; Sea water; Survival; Urine; Water intake 338 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52 Secondary follicle development in Australian cashmere goats. Henderson, M.; Sabine, J.R. New York : Elsevier; 1991 May. Small ruminant research v. 4 (4): p. 349-363; 1991 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Cashmere; Hair follicles; S p ratio; Age; Maturation; Kids; Skin; Histology; Diameter 339 NAL Call. No.: 410 B77 Senses involved in discrimination of merino ewes at close contact and from a distance by their newborn lambs. Nowak, R. London : Academic Press; 1991 Sep. Animal behaviour v. 42 (pt.3): p. 357-366; 1991 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Ewes; Hearing; Vision; Smell; Identification; Newborn animals; Age differences Abstract: In the first 24 h after birth, lambs identify their mothers at close quarters only (less than 50 cm), and discrimination at a distance of several metres becomes established only when the lambs are between 2 and 3 days old. This suggests the involvement of two different sensory mechanisms. This paper investigates the maternal cues (auditory, visual or olfactory) that are used in the discrimination of the dam by her lamb in these two situations. Both visual and auditory cues were involved in discrimination, both at close contact on the first day after birth and at a distance when the lambs were older. Suppression of smell had no major effect on the discriminatory abilities of newborn lambs. It is concluded that the behaviour of the ewe and the stance she adopts play a role in orienting the acoustically released searching activity of the young lamb. 340 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 Separation of ewes from twin lambs: incidence in several sheep breeds. Alexander, G.; Stevens, D.; Kilgour, R.; De Langen, H.; Mottershead, B.E.; Lynch, J.J. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 125-141; 1985. Includes 21 references. Language: English Descriptors: New South Wales; Ewes; Lambs; Twins; Animal behavior; Separation; Sheep breeds 341 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5 Sexual behavior of farm animals. Katz, L.S.; McDonald, T.J. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Aug. Theriogenology v. 38 (2): p. 239-253; 1992 Aug. Paper presented at the research symposium on "Reproduction in Farm Animals: Science, Application and Models," August 13, 1992, Ithaca, New York. Includes a list of his publications. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Sheep; Goats; Sexual behavior; Estrus; Teasing; Sex hormones; Sex differentiation; Literature reviews Abstract: The field of sexual behavior of domestic farm animals is discussed with emphasis on studies of cattle, sheep and goats. Descriptions are provided of behaviors related to the attractivity, proceptivity and receptivity of females, as well as environmental and physiological factors influencing both male and female sexual behavior. The organizational and activational actions of steroid hormones on behavior are also reviewed. 342 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535 Sexual behavior of female domestic mammals. Hurnik, J.F. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1987 Jul. The Veterinary clinic of North America : food animal practice v. 3 (2): p. 423-461. ill; 1987 Jul. In the series analytic: Farm animal behavior / edited by E.O. Price. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cows; Mares; Sows; Ewes; Bitches; Cat; Female animals; Sexual behavior; Hormones; Sexual maturity; Environmental factors 343 NAL Call. No.: QP1.P4 Sexual behavior of male dairy goats: effects of deafferentation of the genitalia. Metzler, J.A.; Price, E.O.; Kitchell, R.L.; Bondurant, R.H. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1988. Physiology & behavior v. 43 (2): p. 207-212; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy herds; Male animals; Sexual behavior; Male genitalia 344 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Sexual behavior of rams as influenced by the degree of restraining estrous ewes and by the additional presence of anestrous ewes. Zenchak, J.J.; Katz, L.S.; Price, E.O.; Wallach, S.J.R. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1988 Nov. Journal of animal science v. 66 (11): p. 2851-2855; 1988 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rams; Sexual behavior; Ewes; Estrus; Anestrus; Reproductive performance; Restraint of animals 345 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Sexual performance of rams as determined by maturation and sexual experience. Price, E.O.; Estep, D.Q.; Wallach, S.J.R.; Dally, M.R. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Mar. Journal of animal science v. 69 (3): p. 1047-1052; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rams; Age differences; Sexual behavior; Ejaculation; Sexual maturity; Performance testing Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the sexual performance of rams that differed in age (maturation) and sexual experience. Twenty-four ram lambs (8 mo of age) and 21 rams (20 mo of age) were individually exposed to four females in hormonally induced estrus for 30 min on five occasions, 7 d apart. Half (12) the ram lambs and nine of the yearlings were sexually naive at the start of testing (had been denied access to females since weaning); the remaining males were sexually experienced. The sexual performance of the virgin rams was poorer during the initial exposure to females than in subsequent tests, whereas the sexual behavior of the sexually experienced males did not change over the days of testing. Sexually naive ram lambs and rams exhibited an improvement in sexual performance between Tests 1 and 2; during Tests 3 to 5 the sexual performance (ejaculations per test) of sexually naive and experienced rams was similar. The only effects of age (maturation) on sexual performance during the last three test days were a higher frequency of mounts without ejaculation plus mount attempts (P < .03) and a greater number of mount interactions per ejaculation (P < .02) by ram lambs. In conclusion, one or two relatively brief exposures to estrous females can bring the sexual performance of virgin rams up to levels comparable to that of experienced males. Also, ram lambs in good condition exhibit acceptable levels of sexual performance. 346 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Sexual performance of rams in serving capacity tests predicts success in pen breeding. Perkins, A.; Fitzgerald, J.A.; Price, E.O. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Sep. Journal of animal science v. 70 (9): p. 2722-2725; 1992 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rams; Sexual behavior; Mating ability; Lambing rate; Ewes; Synchronized females Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which sexual performance (serving capacity) tests can be used to predict the sexual behavior and reproductive success of rams in the context of pen mating. Standard serving capacity tests were used to select four low (LP) and four high-performing (HP) rams from a population of 94 yearling males. Each selected ram was then exposed to approximately 30 estrus-synchronized ewes for a 9-d period. Ejaculations observed and mounting marks left on ewes confirmed the greater (P < .001) sexual activity of the HP rams in the field. In addition, ewes exposed to HP rams had a higher lambing percentage, more lambs born, and more live lambs born per ewe. Ram classification was not related (P > .60) to the number of lambs born per ewe lambing (prolificacy). It was concluded that serving capacity tests, properly conducted, can be used to predict ram mating performance and thus aid in establishing more efficient ram-to-ewe stocking rates. 347 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Sexual performance of rams reared with or without females after weaning. Katz, L.S.; Price, E.O.; Wallach, S.J.R.; Zenchak, J.J. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1988 May. Journal of animal science v. 66 (5): p. 1166-1173; 1988 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rams; Sexual behavior; Postweaning interval; Impotence 348 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Shading behaviour of sheep: preliminary studies of its relation to thermoregulation, feed and water intakes, and metabolic rates. Johnson, K.G. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1987. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 38 (3): p. 587-596; 1987. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Ewes; Animal behavior; Thermoregulation; Feeding frequency; Water intake; Metabolism 349 NAL Call. No.: SF379.M37 The shedhand's manual. Martel, Rosalind Queensland? : R. Martel?, c1989 (Moorooka, Qld. : Merino Lithographics); 1989. vi, 93 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. (Woolclassing today ; book 1). Includes a shedhand's logbook/reference. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep-shearing; Australia; Wool; Australia; Handling; Study and teaching; Wool baling; Study and teaching; Shearing sheds; Australia; Sheep shearers (Persons); Australia 350 NAL Call. No.: SF61.M35 1988 Sheep., 3rd ed. Williams, H.L. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1988. Management and welfare of farm animals. p. 81-124. ill; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: United Kingdom; Sheep management; Animal behavior; Animal breeding; Reproduction; Sheep housing; Environment; Milk production; Meat production; Disease control; Pest control 351 NAL Call. No.: SF85.4.A9G72 1985 Sheep and cattle handling facilities. Hutson, G.D. Indooroopilly, QLD : Australian Veterinary Association (Queensland Division); 1985. Grazing Animal Welfare Symposium : proceedings of a symposium held at the Bardon Professional Development Centre, Brisbane, on April 26th and 27th, 1985 / [editors: Brian L. Moore and Peter J. Chenoweth]. p. 124-136. ill; 1985. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Sheep; Cattle; Handling; Facilities; Design; Dipping; Shearing sheds; Animal welfare 352 NAL Call. No.: 30.98 AG82 Sheep and enclosure in sixteenth-century Northamptonshire. Martin, J. Berkshire : British Agricultural History Society; 1988. The Agricultural history review v. 36 (pt.1): p. 39-54. maps; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: England; Sheep farming; History; Fencing; Livestock number; Surveys 353 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Sheep and goat housing and facilities--January 1979-August 1990. Swanson, J.C. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1990 Nov. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (91-22): 18 p.; 1990 Nov. Bibliography. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep housing; Goat housing; Fences; Slatted floors; Ventilation; Bibliographies 354 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3 Sheep and goats, men and women: household relations and small ruminant development in southwest Nigeria. Okali, C.; Sumberg, J.E. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1985. Agricultural systems v. 18 (1): p. 39-59; 1985. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nigeria; Humid zones; Farming systems; Goats; Sheep; Rural development; Households; Ownership; Women; Models; Families 355 NAL Call. No.: HD1476.A4U5 Sheep and goats, men and women: Household relations and small ruminant production in Southwest Nigeria. Okali, C.; Sumberg, J.E. Boulder, Colorado : Westview Press; 1986. Understanding Africa's rural households and farming systems / edited by Joyce Lewinger Moock ; forward by Bede N. Okigbo. p. 166-181; 1986. (Westview special studies on Africa). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nigeria; Sheep farming; Goat keeping; Intensive livestock farming; Models; Cropping systems; Family farming 356 NAL Call. No.: SF375.M8413 Sheep, everything about housing, care, feeding, and sicknesses ..... Schafe als Haustiere. Sheep, a complete owner's manual Muller, Hans Alfred New York : Barrons's,; 1989. 63 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 20 cm. Cover title: Sheep, a complete owner's manual. "With a special chapter: understanding sheep"--Cover. Includes index. Bibliography: p. 60. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Handbooks, manuals, etc 357 NAL Call. No.: aS21.R44A7 Sheep facilities and flock management at MARC. Wallace, M.H.; Ross, G.S.; Anderson, R.B.; Reutzel, C.D. Beltsville, Md. : The Service; 1987 Nov. ARS - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (68): p. 1-2; 1987 Nov. In subseries: Sheep Research Program. Progress Report No. 3. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Sheep housing; Facilities; Sheep management; Feed rations; Animal breeding; Animal research; Research institutes; Usda 358 NAL Call. No.: SF375.5.A8A9 Sheep husbandry. Australia. Parliament. Senate. Select Committee on Animal Welfare Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service,; 1989. xiv, 159 p. ; 25 cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-154). Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Australia 359 NAL Call. No.: SF371.2.S43 Sheep management in Tobago proceedings of a workshop held at Blenheim Sheep Multiplication and Research Project (BSMRP), Blenheim, Tobago, on March 26th, 1987. Tobago, House of Assembly, Division of Agriculture, European Development Fund, Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Trinidad and Tobago Unit Tobago : Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Trinidad and Tobago Unit,; 1987. ii, 38 p. ; 28 cm. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Trinidad and Tobago; Congresses 360 NAL Call. No.: SF191.2.I68 Sheep production and management in a hot-humid climate. Boyd, L.H. Morillton, Ark. : Winrock International; 1985. Emerging technology and management for ruminants : 1985 livestock seminars, International Stockmen's School / edited by Frank H. Baker and Mason E. Miller. p. 400-405; 1985. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Humid zones; Sheep management; Humid climate; Heat stress; Diets; Adaptability; Selection; Breeding programs 361 NAL Call. No.: SB197.B7 Sheep production and the environment. Allen, J.W. Hurley, Berkshire : The Society; 1987. Occasional symposium - British Grassland Society (21): p. 95-101; 1987. Language: English Descriptors: England; Sheep farming; Environmental protection; National parks; Fencing; Overgrazing; Hill land 362 NAL Call. No.: SF375.S545 Sheep production handbook. Sheep Industry Development Program Denver, Colo. : Sheep Industry Development Program,; 1988. 1 v. (looseleaf) : ill. ; 30 cm. At head of title: SID. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Animal welfare 363 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 A simple method for fostering lambs using anoestrous ewes with artificially induced lactation and maternal behaviour. Kendrick, K.M.; Costa, A.P. da; Hinton, M.R.; Keverne, E.B. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 Sep. Applied animal behaviour science v. 34 (4): p. 345-357; 1992 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambs; Fostering; Anestrus; Maternal behavior; Lactation; Induction; Medroxyprogesterone; Estradiol; Stimulation; Vagina; Cervix 364 NAL Call. No.: HD1401.A47 Small-ruminant marketing in southwest Nigeria. Francis, P.A. Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1990 Jun. Agricultural economics : the journal of the International Association of Agricultural Economics v. 4 (2): p. 193-208. maps; 1990 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nigeria; Sheep; Goats; Agricultural trade; Market prices; Marketing margins; Supply balance; Location theory; Liveweight; Regression analysis; Analysis of covariance; Mathematical models Abstract: This paper describes the structure of the small-ruminant trade in southwest Nigeria, analyses the factors determining the price of animals, and examines the relationship of prices between markets. Animals imported from the north dominate the sheep and goat trades, and supply and prices are highly seasonal. However, multiple regression shows animal prices to be largely predictable in terms of the characteristics of the animal (breed, sex and live-weight) and the market in which it is sold (location and month of sale). Prices are relatively closely correlated between markets over time, and price relationships between markets reflect the respective structures of the trade in northern and southern animals. Price margins between markets reflect the level of traders' commission and storage costs in addition to the direct costs of transport. The study concludes that there is no evidence for market inefficiency or segregation, and that there is considerable market potential for increased local production of sheep and goats. In policy terms, the market's efficiency implies that government involvement beyond its present, limited facilitative role would not be justified. 365 NAL Call. No.: QP1.P4 Social modulation of pituitary-adrenal responsiveness and individual differences in behavior of young domestic goats. Lyons, D.M.; Price, E.O.; Moberg, G.P. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1988. Physiology & behavior v. 43 (4): p. 451-458; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Pituitary; Adrenals; Animal behavior; Social behavior 366 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Social organization in young Merino and Merino X Border Leicester ewes. Lynch, J.J.; Hinch, G.N.; Bouissou, M.F.; Elwin, R.L.; Green, G.C.; Davies, H.I. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1989 Jan. Applied animal behaviour science v. 22 (1): p. 49-63; 1989 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Australian merino; Border leicester; Crossbreds; Social structure; Territory; Docility 367 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Social organization of Merino sheep of different ages, sex and family structure. Stolba, A.; Hinch, G.N.; Lynch, J.J.; Adams, D.B.; Munro, R.K.; Davies, H.I. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Oct. Applied animal behaviour science v. 27 (4): p. 337-349; 1990 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Social structure; Age differences; Sex differences; Family structure; Stocking density; Topography; Aggressive behavior; Animal behavior 368 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Social preferences of domestic ewes for rams (Ovis aries). Estep, D.Q.; Price, E.O.; Wallach, S.J.R.; Dally, M.R. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1989 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 24 (4): p. 287-300. ill; 1989 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Mating preference; Rams; Estrus; Anestrus; Age; Sexual behavior 369 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Socially induced diet preference ameliorates condititoned food aversion in lambs. Provenza, F.D.; Burritt, E.A. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Aug. Applied animal behaviour science v. 31 (3/4): p. 229-236; 1991 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Feeding preferences; Avoidance conditioning; Social interaction; Groups 370 NAL Call. No.: QP1.J62 Some aspects of placental function in chronically heat-stressed ewes. Bell, A.W.; Wilkening, R.B.; Meschia, G. Oxford, Eng. : Oxford University Press; 1987 Feb. Journal of developmental physiology v. 9 (1): p. 17-29; 1987 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Heat stress; Placenta; Pregnancy; Weight; Fetal development disorders; Fetal growth; Blood flow; Glucose; Oxygen consumption; Fructose; Respiration 371 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Some effects of repeated handling on stress responses in sheep. Hargreaves, A.L.; Hutson, G.D. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 May. Applied animal behaviour science v. 26 (3): p. 253-265; 1990 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Handling; Stress; Shearing; Fearfulness; Hematocrit; Hydrocortisone; Blood plasma; Corticotropin 372 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 Some effects of social deprivation on behavioral development of lambs. Zito, C.A.; Wilson, L.L.; Graves, H.B. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 357-367; 1985. Includes 14 references. Language: English Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Lambs; Social behavior; Social development 373 NAL Call. No.: QH301.N32 Some effects of sward conditions on grazing behaviour and intake by sheep. Penning, P.D. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1986. NATO advanced science institutes series : Series A : Life sciences v. 108: p. 219-226; 1986. In the series analytic: Grazing research at northern latitudes / edited by O. Gudmundsson. Paper presented at a Workshop, August 5-10, 1985, Hvanneyri, Iceland. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: England; Sheep; Feed intake; Grazing behavior; Pastures; Plant density; Plant height; Rumination 374 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 Some observations on activities of a small group of confined ewes with single, twin, or triplet lambs. Graves, H.B.; Wilson, L.L.; Hess, C.E. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 119-124; 1985. Includes 4 references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambs; Birth; Behavior; Feeding; Rest; Sucking 375 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Some preslaughter factors affecting the occurrence of bruising in sheep. Cockram, M.S.; Lee, R.A. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1991 Mar. British veterinary journal v. 147 (2): p. 120-125; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Slaughter; Carcasses; Bruises; Animal behavior; Carcass quality Abstract: The preslaughter handling and behaviour, and subsequent bruising was observed in 49 groups of sheep in a commercial slaughterhouse. A greater percentage of bruised carcases was found in lambs (71%) than in ewes (49%) (P< 0.01). A greater percentage of severely bruised carcases was found in lambs from markets (20%) than in those direct from farms (12%) (P< 0.05). Significant correlations were found between the occurrence of recent bruising and wool-pulls during unloading, riding by another sheep, and hits and squashes against structures at the slaughterhouse. However, even assuming that each potentially traumatic event observed in the slaughterhouse caused a bruise, only about one-quarter of the bruising could have been attributed to handling problems at the slaughterhouse. Eight-eight per cent of all bruises were estimated to have been caused within about 24 h of death, indicating that most bruising probably was caused by handling problems during loading on the farm, during transit and particularly at markets. 376 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Spatial relationships between ewes and lambs. Arnold, G.W.; Grassia, A. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1985 Sep. Applied animal behaviour science v. 14 (3): p. 253-261; 1985 Sep. Includes 4 references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambs; Group behavior; Group interaction; Spacing 377 NAL Call. No.: 23 N48J Stand by for an outcry against farm 'cruelty'. Moffat, J. Auckland : Deslandes Ltd; 1985 Dec. New Zealand journal of agriculture v. 150 (11): p. 10-11; 1985 Dec. Language: English Descriptors: New Zealand; Sheep; Exports; Animal welfare; Animal husbandry; Public opinion 378 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Standards for loading and unloading facilities for cattle. Lapworth, J.W. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (1/2): p. 203-211; 1990 Nov. In the special issue: Transport and pre-slaughter handling / edited by Graham Perry. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Loading; Unloading; Chutes; Structural design; Standards 379 NAL Call. No.: S1.M57 Stanshion bonding your lambs. Thibodeau, J.S. Columbia, Mo. : Missouri Farm Publishing Inc; 1993 Oct. Small farm today v. 10 (5): p. 16-17; 1993 Oct. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Ewes; Attachment behavior; Animal husbandry 380 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.O5O5 Starting a sheep enterprise. Fitch, G. Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1991 Apr. OSU extension facts - Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University v.): 4 p.; 1991 Apr. Language: English Descriptors: Oklahoma; Sheep farming; Pastures; Farm buildings; Fencing; Predators; Breed differences; Breeds; Breeding programs; Parasites; Marketing 381 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Stimulus conditions influencing self-enurination, genital grooming and flehmen in male goats. Price, E.O.; Smith, V.M.; Katz, L.S. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1986 Dec. Applied animal behaviour science v. 16 (4): p. 371-381. ill; 1986 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Males; Male genitalia; Urination; Sexual behavior; Stimulation 382 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Stochastic models of grazing behaviour in sheep. Rook, A.J; Penning, P.D. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 32 (2/3): p. 167-177; 1991 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Grazing behavior; Stochastic models; Grazing; Time; Estimation 383 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The stress response in sheep during routine handling procedures. Hargreaves, A.L.; Hutson, G.D. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Mar. Applied animal behaviour science v. 26 (1/2): p. 83-90; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Stress; Animal husbandry; Hematocrit; Hydrocortisone; Blood plasma; Animal welfare 384 NAL Call. No.: 281.8 AG835 Structural changes under conditions of changing relative profitability of enterprises. Westhuyzen, B. van der; Kleynhans, T.E. Pretoria : South African Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Marketing; 1987 Jun. Agrekon v. 26 (2): p. 27-34; 1987 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: South Africa; Triticum aestivum; Sheep; Farming systems; Profitability; Structural change; Decision making; Adaptability; Farm management 385 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 M58B Structural defects of beef cattle, sheep and swine. Anderson, P.; Richie, H. East Lansing, Mich. : The Service; 1988 Sep. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State University (2085): 8 p. ill; 1988 Sep. In subseries: Ag Facts. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Sheep; Pigs; Defects; Structure; Evaluation criteria 386 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Studies on the growth and carcass composition in Daldale wether lambs. I. The effect of dietary energy concentration and pasture species. Soeparno; Davies, H.L. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1987. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 38 (2): p. 403-415; 1987. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New South Wales; Lambs; Animal nutrition; Diets; Trifolium repens; Phalaris aquatica; Metabolizable energy; Digestibility; Carcass composition; Digestion 387 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Studies on the growth and carcass composition in Daldale wether lambs. II. The effect of dietary protein/energy ratio. Soeparno; Davies, H.L. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1987. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 38 (2): p. 417-426; 1987. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New South Wales; Lambs; Animal nutrition; Diets; Nutritive ratio; Carcass composition; Digestion; Liveweight gains; Feed conversion efficiency 388 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55 Studies on the shearing of housed pregnant ewes. Russel, A.J.F.; Armstrong, R.H.; White, I.R. Neston, South Wirral, England : British Society of Animal Production; 1985 Feb. Animal production v. 40 (pt.1): p. 47-53. ill; 1985 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Pregnancy; Shearing; Sheep housing 389 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 A study of following behaviour in young lambs. Winfield, C.G.; Kilgour, R. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 347-355; 1985. Includes 11 references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Behavior; Responses; Separation; Ewes 390 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 AU72 Sucking behaviour of lambs from weaning weight selected lines. Hinch, G.N.; Thwaites, C.J.; Edey, T.N. Sydney : Pergamon Press; 1990. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production v. 18: p. 248-251; 1990. Meeting held on July 8-12, 1990, Adelaide, South Australia. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Feeding behavior; Line differences 391 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The sucking behaviour of triplet, twin and single lambs at pasture. Hinch, G.N. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1989 Jan. Applied animal behaviour science v. 22 (1): p. 39-48; 1989 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Sucking; Feeding behavior; Ewes; Grazing; Relationships; Multiple births; Twinning 392 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Suckling behaviour of artificially-reared lambs: what kind of teat elicits spontaneous sucking?. Fraser, D. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Dec. Applied animal behaviour science v. 19 (1/2): p. 99-109. ill; 1987 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Feeding behavior; Suckling; Teats 393 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Summer habitat use and activity patterns of domestic sheep on coniferous forest range in southern Norway. Warren, J.T.; Mysterud, I. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1991 Jan. Journal of range management v. 44 (1): p. 2-6. maps; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Norway; Sheep; Rangelands; Picea abies; Dryopteris; Habitat selection; Grazing behavior; Grazing trials; Diets; Activity; Behavior patterns; Summer 394 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Survival of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in axenic purulent exudate on common barnyard fomites. Augustine, J.L.; Renshaw, H.W. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1986 Apr. American journal of veterinary research v. 47 (4): p. 713-715; 1986 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Goats; Lymphadenitis; Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis; Survival; Exudates; Feces; Barns; Disease transmission 395 NAL Call. No.: 23 W52J Survival of lambs. Kelly, R.; Lindsay, D. South Perth : Department of Agriculture, Western Australia; 1987. Journal of agriculture, Western Australia v. 28 (3): p. 99-103. ill; 1987. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Survival; Animal behavior; Birth weight; Ewes; Feeding behavior; Pregnancy 396 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Synchronisation of eating, ruminating and idling activity by grazing sheep. Rook, A.J.; Penning, P.D. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 32 (2/3): p. 157-166; 1991 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Grazing; Feeding behavior; Rumination; Animal behavior; Synchronization 397 NAL Call. No.: 23 R88 Teaching sheep to eat grain. Ralph, W. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1988. Rural research : a CSIRO quarterly (138): p. 21-22; 1988. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Eating; Feed grains; Feeding behavior; Training 398 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Teat-seeking behaviour in newborn lambs. I. Evidence for the influence of maternal skin temperature. Billing, A.E.; Vince, M.A. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Oct. Applied animal behaviour science v. 18 (3/4): p. 301-313; 1987 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Teats; Animal behavior; Feeding behavior; Temperatures; Sucking 399 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Teat-seeking behaviour in newborn lambs. II. Evidence for the influence of the dam's surface textures and degree of surface yield. Billing, A.E.; Vince, M.A. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Oct. Applied animal behaviour science v. 18 (3/4): p. 315-325; 1987 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Dams (mothers); Animal behavior; Teats; Sucking; Maternal effects 400 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T Temperature controlled multiple chamber indirect calorimeter-design and operation. Nienaber, J.A.; Maddy, A.L. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1985 Mar. Transactions of the ASAE - American Society of Agricultural Engineers v. 28 (2): p. 555-560. ill; 1985 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal housing; Sheep; Calves; Pig housing; Heat transfer; Heat loss; Calorimetry 401 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Thermoregulatory behaviour of sheep housed in insulated and uninsulated buildings. Boe, K. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Sep. Applied animal behaviour science v. 27 (3): p. 243-252; 1990 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Animal behavior; Clustering; Thermoregulation; Sheep housing; Insulation; Shearing; Floor type 402 NAL Call. No.: 410 B77 Till death us do part: long-lasting bonds between ewes and their daughters. Rowell, T.E. London : Academic Press; 1991 Oct. Animal behaviour v. 42 (pt.4): p. 681-682; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambs; Attachment behavior 403 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 The timing of a moderate nutritional restriction in mid pregnancy and its effect on lamb birth weight and ewe gestation length. Holst, P.J.; Allan, C.J. East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1992. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 32 (1): p. 11-14; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Border leicester; Australian merino; Crossbreds; Restricted feeding; Gestation period; Pregnancy; Lambs; Birth weight 404 NAL Call. No.: 6 F2212 Turn existing buildings into bucks with sheep. Henderson, P.C. Philadelphia : The Journal; 1986 May. Farm journal v. 110 (8): p. 27-28. ill; 1986 May. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Farm buildings; Sheep; Profits; Sheep farming; Sheep housing; Demand; Abattoirs 405 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52 Udder characteristics in Toggenburg dairy goats. Wang, P.Q. New York : Elsevier; 1989 Jul. Small ruminant research v. 2 (2): p. 181-190; 1989 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Toggenburg; Udders; Volume; Heritability; Milk yield; Genetic parameters; Body measurements 406 NAL Call. No.: 105.8 G36 1986 [no.3] Untersuchungen zum Verhalten kunstlich-mutterlos aufgezogener Schaflammer bei Einsatz verschiedener Trankeverfahren [Study of the behavior of articially motherless reared sheep using feeding methods]. May, Ursula, Giessen : [s.n.],; 1986. 166 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. (Inaugural-Dissertation / Justus Liebig-Universitat Giessen ; 1986 [no. 3]). English summary. Includes vita. Bibliography: p. 154-166. Language: German 407 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Use of aversion-learning techniques to measure distress in sheep. Rushen, J. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (1/2): p. 3-14; 1990 Nov. In the special issue: Transport and pre-slaughter handling / edited by Graham Perry. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Animal welfare; Stress; Transport of animals; Learning; Avoidance conditioning 408 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Use of birth fluids and cervical stimulation in lamb fostering. Basiouni, G.F.; Gonyou, H.W. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1988 Apr. Journal of animal science v. 66 (4): p. 872-879; 1988 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambs; Adoption; Maternal behavior; Fetal fluids; Cervix; Stimulation 409 NAL Call. No.: 470 N81 Use of domestic sheep carrion by bald eagles wintering in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. DellaSala, D.A.; Thomas, C.L.; Anthony, R.G. Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University Press; 1989 May. Northwest science : official publication of the Northwest Scientific Association v. 63 (3): p. 104-108. ill; 1989 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Oregon; Sheep; Eagles; Predation; Carcass disposal; Feeding behavior 410 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Use of habitats by free-grazing sheep. El Aich, A.; Rittenhouse, L.R. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1988 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 21 (3): p. 223-231. maps; 1988 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Morocco; Sheep; Habitats; Grazing; Free range husbandry; Grazing behavior; Plant communities 411 NAL Call. No.: 49 F84 Valeur alimentaire des marcs de raisin. V. Comportement alimentaire et vitesse de transit chez le mouton [Feeding value of grape marc. V. Eating behaviour and transit rate in sheep]. Larwence, A.; Hammouda, F.; Salah, A. Paris : Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; 1986. Annales de zootechnie v. 35 (2): p. 95-107; 1986. Includes references. Language: French Descriptors: Sheep feeding; Grape marc; Nutritive value; Feeding behavior; Digestive tract transit time; Sodium hydroxide; Digestibility; Feed intake; Rumination 412 NAL Call. No.: 23 Au783 Variability in shading behaviour of sheep. Sherwin, C.M.; Johnson, K.G. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, 1950-; 1989. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 40 (1): p. 177-185; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Western australia; Cabt; Sheep; Australian merino; Animal behavior; Irrigated pastures; Shade; Summer 413 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 Variations in the strength of maternal behaviour and its conflict with flocking behaviour in Dalesbred, Jacob and Soay ewes. Shillito, E.; Hague, W.P.; Yeomans, M. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 153-158; 1985. Includes 8 references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Sheep breeds; Maternal behavior; Behavior; Flocks; Conflict 414 NAL Call. No.: QP1.P4 Variations of core-temperature rhythms in unrestrained sheep. Mohr, E.; Krzywanek, H. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1990 Sep. Physiology & behavior v. 48 (3): p. 467-473; 1990 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Body temperature; Circadian rhythm; Diurnal variation; Feeding behavior; Measurement Abstract: Variations of core-temperature rhythms occurring during a "normal" day (24-hour period without extraordinary challenges for organism) were studied in 5 male sheep. To record the influence of the metabolic processes in different organic systems, core temperatures were measured at various locations at the same time. To minimize any influences due to measurement or behavior (e.g., effects of isolation), a telemetric system was used for registration and animals were kept without restraint in their habitual herd. Particularly biphasic circadian rhythms were found, and feeding schedule as zeitgeber is discussed. Beyond that, independent from point of measurement short-time rhythms with wavelengths of 140 and 90 min were found. Therefore, an origin in the central nervous system can be supposed. Rhythms with wavelengths of 3 hours, 75 min and 1 hour were not stable throughout a whole 24-hour period and did not occur at all measurement points in the same intensity. A comparison of anatomical placements of the various measurement points leads to the realization of distinct organic functions as sources for these rhythms. 415 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535 Ventilation of sheep and goat barns. Collins, E.R. Jr Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1990 Nov. The Veterinary clinics of North America : food animal practice v. 6 (3): p. 635-654; 1990 Nov. In the series analytic: Advances in sheep and goat medicine / edited by M. C. Smith. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Goats; Barns; Ventilation 416 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 Visual discrimination between ewes by lambs. Alexander, G.; Shillito Walser, E.E. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 247-251; 1985. Includes 4 references. Language: English Descriptors: Ewes; Lambs; Vision; Discrimination; Animal behavior 417 NAL Call. No.: QP1.P4 Vomeronasal organ cannulation in male goats: evidence for transport of fluid from oral cavity to vomeronasal organ during flehmen. Melese-D'Hospital, P.Y.; Hart, B.L. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1985 Dec. Physiology & behavior v. 35 (6): p. 941-944. ill; 1985 Dec. Includes 8 references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Nose; Male animals; Sexual behavior; Cannulation 418 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 C33 Vplyv rostov na zivotne prejavy jahniat vo vykrme [Effect of slatted floors on the behavior of fattened lambs]. Kuran, J.; Piko, P.; Knazovicky, F. Praha : Ustav; 1985 Jun. Zivocisna vyroba - Ceskoslovenska akademie zemedelska, Ustav vedeckotechnickych informaci pro zemedelstvi v. 30 (6): p. 565-572; 1985 Jun. Includes references. Language: Slovak Descriptors: Lamb fattening; Slatted floors; Tsigai; Sheep breeds; Animal behavior 419 NAL Call. No.: 58.9 In7 Wall ventilated building. Martyn, E.H. Silsoe : Institution of Agricultural Engineers; 1993. The Agricultural engineer v. 48 (4): p. 123-124; 1993. Language: English Descriptors: England; Cabt; Sheep housing; Plastic tunnels; Ventilation; Layout 420 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 Washing lambs and confinement as aids to fostering. Alexander, G.; Stevens, D.; Bradley, L.R. Amsterdam : Elsevier North-Holland; 1985. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences v. 18: p. 159-169; 1985. Includes 10 references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambs; Washing; Restraint of animals; Maternal behavior; Ewes; Suckling; Behavior 421 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 AU72 What makes a good mother?: components and comparative aspects of maternal behaviour in ungulates. Alexander, G. Sydney : Pergamon Press; 1988. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production v. 17: p. 25-41; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ungulates; Ewes; Maternal behavior; Progeny; Selection program; Survival 422 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 Wind, shelter-type and lambing location. Dixon, J.E.; Parker, C.F.; LeaMaster, B.; Olson, D.P. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1985. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 85-4521): 10 p.; 1985. Paper presented at the 1985 Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lambing; Shelter; Types; Birth; Areas; Ewes; Wind protection 423 NAL Call. No.: S542.A1N45 A work study analysis of sheep handling operations. Wall, G.L. Wellington : Department of Scientific and Industrial Research; 1986. New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture v. 14 (4): p. 481-483; 1986. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New Zealand; Sheep; Sheep management; Time allocation; Handling 424 NAL Call. No.: SF380.3.G63 Would Javan goat and sheep houses be useful in Nigeria?. Gatenby, R.M.; Handayani, S.W. Wageningen : Pudoc; 1988. Goat production in the humid tropics : proceedings of a workshop at the University of Ife, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, 20-24 July 1987 / O.B. Smith and H.G. Bosman (Eds). p. 170-173. ill; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Java; Nigeria; Sheep housing; Goats; Buildings; Design 425 NAL Call. No.: SF375.5.A8Y3 Yards n'yakka.. Yards and yakka Casey, Mark F.; Hamilton, Geoffrey R. Mt Lawley, W.A. : Kondinin Group,; 1990. 382 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm. Caption title. "The sheep yard and handling systems manual"--cover. August 1990. Includes indexes. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Farm buildings Author Index Abdel-Aziz, A.I. 124 Aboul-Ela, M.B. 32 Aboul-Naga, A.M. 32 Acharya, R.M.c 59 Adams, D. B. 23 Adams, D.B. 26, 367 Ademosun, A.A. 95, 184, 226 Adenuga, M.K. 95 Ahmed, A.M. 124 Albon, S.D. 75 Alexander, G. 70, 77, 173, 174, 175, 176, 207, 209, 229, 242, 244, 245, 246, 247, 276, 327, 340, 416, 420, 421 Alexandre, G. 45 Allan, C.J. 21, 22, 403 Allen, J.W. 361 Almahdy, H. 32 Amaning-Kwarteng, K. 214 Amies, C. 328 Anderson, D.M. 10, 29, 30, 62, 109, 232, 322 Anderson, P. 385 Anderson, R.B. 357 Anil, M.H. 310 Anthony, R.G. 409 Armstrong, R.H. 190, 388 Arnold, G.W. 3, 24, 376 Arnould, C. 20 Augustine, J.L. 394 Austbo, D. 83 Australia 174, 175 Australia. Parliament. Senate. Select Committee on Animal Welfare 150, 358 Australian Veterinary Association, Queensland Division 188 Badman, R.T. 69 Bailey, J.A. 313 Baldock, N.M. 18, 120 Ballard, M. 228 Balph, D.F. 170 Barber, A. A. 58 Barr, D.A. 69 Barwick, S.A. 244 Basiouni, G.F. 408 Bassett, J.M. 108, 297 Baumont, R. 253 Baylis, J.R. 223 Bechet, G. 154 Becker, K. 152 Bell, A.W. 370 Bell, F.R. 71 Benjamin, R.W. 172 Bennett, G.L. 236 Berggren-Thomas, B. 137 Billing, A.E. 398, 399 Bindon, B.M. 19 Bird, A.R. 274, 325 Birrell, H.A. 102 Blackburn, H.D. 285 Blackshaw, J.K. 212 Bland, K.P. 54 Boe, K. 83, 401 Boe, Knut 72 Bogart, Ralph, 295 Bondurant, R.H. 343 Borgwardt, R. 252 Bosman, H.G. 226 Bouissou, M.F. 366 Bowers, C.L. 49 Bowman, A.S. 297 Bowman, P.J. 145 Boyd, L.H. 360 Bradley, L. 209 Bradley, L.R. 70, 77, 173, 174, 175, 176, 242, 244, 245, 246, 420 Bremner, K.J. 278 Brindley, E.L. 132 Brouwer, B.O. 95 Bryant, F.C. 191 Bryant, J.P. 48 Bullock, D.J. 132 Burgess, T.D. 9 Burgher, C.C. 101 Burke, J.M. 100 Burke, M.G. 337 Burritt, E.A. 48, 369 Busboom, J.R. 100 Byers, F.M. 140 C.A.B. International, CSIRO (Australia) 23 Cameron, A.W.N. 219, 280 Campbell, I.P. 233 Canada 7 Carles, A.B. 98 Carstens, G.E. 140 Casey, Mark F. 425 Casteilla, L. 134 Cavanagh, Rod 12 Chalmers, L. 73, 305 Chapman, R.E. 256 Chapple, R.S. 230, 231 Chenoweth, Peter J. 188 Christopherson, R.J. 239, 266 Ciccioli, N.H. 204 Clausen, T.P. 48 Clutton-Brock, T.H. 75 Cockram, M.S. 375 Collins, E.R. Jr 415 Conseil des productions animales du Quebec 37 Cook, S.J. 107 Cope, B.C. 122 Coppinger, L. 304 Corliss, J. 306 Costa, A.P. da 363 Crichton, J.S. 328 Curtis, S.E. 141 D'Occhio, M.J. 67 Daader, A.H. 89 Dally, M.R. 135, 177, 252, 345, 368 Daly, C.C. 46, 47 Datascope Communications, Glaxo Group Research Limited, Institute of Animal Technology 151 Davies, D.A.R. 33 Davies, H.I. 26, 366, 367 Davies, H.L. 386, 387 Davis, I.F. 99 De Langen, H. 340 Dehority, B.A. 39 DellaSala, D.A. 409 Denney, G.D. 5 Devendra, C. 186 Distel, R.A. 48 Dixon, J.E. 422 Dixon, R.M. 80 Donnelly, J.B. 31 Dove, H. 147 Drehkopf, E.-D 333 Dwatmadji 274 Dwyer, D.D. 160 Early, R.J. 266 Echeverri, A.C. 293 Economides, S. 317 Edey, T.N. 19, 390 Egan, A.R. 80 Eik, L.O. 284 El Aich, A. 104, 159, 171, 196, 410 El Asraoui, M. 104 El Hag, M.G. 283 El-Shishiny, H. 257 Elwin, R.L. 35, 222, 366 Erhard, H. 252 Estep, D.Q. 113, 345, 368 Ewer, T.K. 8 Eyal, E. 316 Fabre-Nys, C. 60, 329 Faichney, G.J. 51 Fell, L.R. 25, 26 Festa-Bianchet, M. 271 Field, C.R. 285 Fisk, T. 262 Fitch, G. 380 Fitzgerald, J.A. 235, 346 Fitzgerald, J.J. 163, 164, 165, 166, 167 Flores, E. 191 Fogarty, N.M. 94 Folman, Y. 316 Fonty, G. 144 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, European Association for Animal Production 185 Forbes, T.D.A. 38, 308, 319 Ford, J.J. 67 Ford, S.P. 312 Fortin, J.M. 50 Fossion, M. 56 Foster, T.M. 278 Fowler, D.G. 145, 248 Francis, P.A. 364 Fraser, A.F. 287, 302, 303 Fraser, D. 206, 291, 307, 392 Freeman, R. B. 58 Freeman, R.B. 11, 142 Frengley, G.A.G. 162 Friend, T.H. 49 Fuentes, V.O. 93 Fujihara, T. 86, 91 Gabr, H.A. 89 Galal, E.S.E. 124, 257 Garmo, T.H. 255 Gatenby, R.M. 183, 424 Genin, D. 336 George, J.M. 315 Gervais, R. 116, 205 Ghent, A.W. 293 Gilbert, C.L. 300 Gittins, S.P. 103 Godwin, R.J. 4 Gonyou, H.W. 15, 16, 114, 243, 293, 408 Goodrich, B.S. 246 Gordon, I.J. 321 Gouet, P. 144 Graham, N.M. 31 Grandin, T. 57, 96, 141 Grant, S.A. 38 Grassia, A. 376 Graves, H.B. 125, 372, 374 Gray, J.S. 158 Gray, S.J. 228 Green, G.C. 222, 366 Greene, L.W. 140 Gregory, N.G. 46 Grissom, K.K. 49 Guevara-Guzman, R. 131 Gunn, R.G. 90 Gur-Arie, E. 316 Hackett, A.J. 318 Hague, W.P. 292, 413 Hahn, G.L. 240 Hall, D.G. 94 Hall, T.A. 65 Hallford, D.M. 249 Hamadeh, S.K. 62 Hamilton, G.R. 11 Hamilton, Geoffrey R. 425 Hammouda, F. 411 Handayani, S.W. 424 Hanson, C. 297 Hargreaves, A. 85 Hargreaves, A.L. 34, 87, 146, 371, 383 Harre, Rom 61 Hart, B.L. 254, 417 Hartman, D.A. 241 Harumoto, T. 86, 91 Harvey, A. 118, 268 Haughey, K.G. 315 Heine, Dietrich, 27 Hemsworth, P.H. 280 Henderson, M. 338 Henderson, P.C. 404 Hendrix, W.F. 100 Hennoste, L.M. 227 Herdtle, Petra, 290 Hess, C.E. 374 Hill, J. 69 Hillel, J. 316 Hinch, G. N. 23 Hinch, G.N. 21, 22, 26, 35, 366, 367, 390, 391 Hinton, M.R. 131, 363 Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M. 75 Hodgson, J. 38, 190, 308 Hoffmann, A. 259 Hogg, J.T. 53 Hohenboken, W.D. 137, 309 Hollis, D.E. 256 Holst, P.J. 21, 22, 94, 403 Hooper, G.E.O 88 Horton, G.M.J. 101 Houpt, K.A. 258 Hu, C.Y. 194 Huijsman, A. 226 Hulet, C.V. 10, 29, 30, 62, 109, 232, 322 Hundley, M. 328 Hunter, E.A. 106 Hurnik, J.F. 342 Hutcheson, J.P. 140 Hutson, G.D. 34, 87, 146, 213, 351, 371, 383 Ibnoaf, M.O.M. 324 Ibrahim, H. 89 Illius, A.W. 321 Inglis, D.M. 106 Irazoqui, H. 204 James, M.E. 90 Jansen, H.J. 184 Jaudas, Ulrich, 263 Jaworski, D. 320 Jenkins, K. 300 Jenkins, T.G. 110, 111, 153, 155 Jephcott, E.H. 43, 85 Johnson, K.G. 28, 136, 221, 348, 412 Johnston, W.E. 162 Joly, T. 200 Jones, J.R. 90 Jones, R. 273 Jordan, D.J. 139 Jouany, J.P. 144 Jubilan, B.M. 54 Jung, H.G. 217, 236 Kahne, B. 334 Kalra, D.B. 105 Katz, L.S. 143, 341, 344, 347, 381 Kawai, K. 168 Kellaway, R.C. 214 Kelly, R. 395 Kendrick, K.M. 36, 131, 208, 363 Kennedy, P.M. 266 Kenney, P.A. 129, 234 Keulen, H. van 172 Keverne, E.B. 36, 131, 208, 363 Key, C. 130 Kilduff, J. 224 Kilgour, R. 278, 340, 389 Kilgour, R.J. 250 Kindermann, U. 116, 205 King, J. W. B. 68 King, M.E. 106 Kipngeno, W.A.K. 98 Kitchell, R.L. 343d Kleynhans, T.E. 384 Knazovicky, F. 418 Knight, R. 273 Kohler, Fritz W. 263 Koumas, A. 317 Kreger, M.D. 198 Krzywanek, H. 414 Kuran, J. 418 Kurdi, O.I. 283 Lamb, Roger 61 Lange, R.T. 298 Langhans, W. 251 Lankin, V.S. 17 Lapworth, J.W. 378 Larwence, A. 411 Lawrence, A.B. 218, 225, 260, 261, 311 Lay, D.C. Jr 49 Le Du, J. 296 Le Neindre, P. 209 LeaMaster, B. 422 Lecrivain, E. 35 Lee, R.A. 375 Leng, R.A. 138 Levy, F. 20, 36, 45, 116, 131, 203, 205, 209 Leymaster, K.A. 153, 155 Lickliter, R.E. 1, 14 Lightman, S.L. 71 Lindsay, D. 395 Lindsay, D.R. 66, 74, 197, 219 Lishman, A.W. 328 Litterio, M. 116 Llewelyn, C.A. 277 Lohrmann, J. 152 Lorenz, J.R. 304 Lowry, J.B. 274 Lu, C.D. 121, 189 Luckins, A.G. 277 Lynch, J. J. 23 Lynch, J.J. 26, 35, 222, 229, 230, 231, 286, 340, 366, 367 Lyons, D.M. 210, 211, 314, 365 Mace, R. 267, 281 MacIver, R.M. 130 Maddy, A.L. 400 Mahgoub, S.O. 283 Maisels, F. 132 Maitra, D.N. 59 Maki, M.O. 182 Malbert, C.H. 201, 253 Malechek, J.C. 42, 64 Malinowski, K. 101 Maller, R.A. 3 Maloney, M.A. 52 Mandiki, S.N.M. 56 Mansour, H. 32, 257 Marai, I.F.M. 89 Margan, D.E. 31 Marsden, D. 270 Marshall, T. 92 Martel, Rosalind 349 Martin, G.B. 329 Martin, J. 352 Martin, N.L. 177 Martineau, N.A. 9 Martyn, E.H. 419 Marx, Ilona 333 Mateo, J.M. 113 Mathur, A.K. 105 Matthews, L.R. 278 Maxwell, T.J. 90 May, Ursula, 406 Mayer, D.G. 139 McBride, B.W. 9 McCann, J.S. 113 McClure, W.H. 41, 133 McConnell, P.B. 223 McCrabb, G.J. 227 McDonald, B.J. 227 McDonald, C.L. 103, 156, 157, 195 McDonald, T.J. 341 McGlone, J.J. 301 McGregor, B.A. 112, 275 McGuirk, B.J. 315 McKinstry, J.L. 310 McMillen, I.C. 43, 85 McNaughton, S.J. 79 McNeal, L.G. 114 McOrist, S. 69 Mekkawy, M.Y.p 89 Melese-D'Hospital, P.Y. 417 Mergenthal, Angelika 178 Meschia, G. 370 Metzler, J.A. 343 Meyer, H.H. 100 Milligan, L.P. 266 Mills, R.R. 100 Milne, J.A. 147 Mimouni, P. 220 Misson, B.H. 258 Mitchell, L.A. 100 Moberg, G.P. 84, 211, 365 Moffat, J. 377 Mohr, E. 414 Montsma, G. 95 Moore, Brian L. 188 Morand-Fehr, P. 185 Morgan, P.D. 24 Mottershead, B.E. 222, 340 Mottram, T.T. 4 Moukadem, A. 159 Mowlem, A. 187 Muller, Hans Alfred 356 Muller, M.T. 320 Munro, C.D. 277 Munro, R.K. 26, 367 Murden, S.B. 119 Murray L.W. 30 Murray, L.W. 10, 29, 62, 109, 322 Mysterud, I. 393 Nassar, A.H. 194 Nedelchev, D. 17 Nedkvitne, J.J. 83 Needham, G.R. 320 Newman, J.A. 118, 268 Nibart, M. 200 Nienaber, J.A. 400 Norris, R.T. 157 Notter, D.R. 41, 82, 133 Nowak, R. 339 Nugent, R.A. III 82, 110, 111, 133 O'Brien, P.H. 161 O'Connor, C.E. 218, 311 O'Toole, M.A. 123 Oesterheld, M. 79 Okali, C. 354, 355 Oldham, C.M. 228 Olson, D.P. 422 Orgeur, P. 134, 202, 205, 220, 237 Orr, R.J. 118, 282 Oshiro, S. 117, 126 Owens, J.L. 19 Palatini, D.D. 101 Paquay, R. 56 Paranhos da Costa, M.J.R. 78 Parker, C.F. 422 Parr, R.A. 99, 233 Parrot, R.F. 289 Parrott, R.F. 258 Parsons, A.J. 118, 268 Paterson, I.W. 44 Payne, E. 122 Pearson, J.T. 298 Pemberton, B. 320 Penning, P.D. 18, 88, 118, 282, 373, 382, 396 Perkins, A. 235, 346 Perrie, J. 277 Pfister, J.A. 64, 191 Phillips, P.A. 206, 291, 307 Pijoan, A.P. 336 Piketty, V. 20, 205 Piko, P. 418 Piper, L.R. 19 Pitt, M.D. 193 Poindron, P. 74, 116, 197, 203, 209, 228 Pollard, J.C. 127 Porter, R. 116 Prache, S. 154 Preusse, C. 259 Price, E.O. 135, 177, 211, 238, 252, 314, 323, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 365, 368, 381 Price, M.R.S. 179 Provenza, F.D. 42, 48, 170, 369 Pryce, C.R. 40 Putu, I.G. 74, 197, 228 Quick, T.C. 39 Qureshi, M.A. 52 Rafferty, D.E. 158 Ralph, W. 397 Ramos, A. 97 Rawlings, N.C. 107 Razzaque, M.A. 324 Reece, R.L. 69 Reichardt, P.B. 48 Reid, C.J. 80 Rekdal, Y. 255 Renshaw, H.W. 394 Reutzel, C.D. 357 Ricardi, C. 269 Richie, H. 385 Richter, P. 259 Ridder, N. de 172 Ridings, H. 157 Ridings, H.I. 5 Riggs, R.A. 65 Risenhoover, K.L. 119, 313 Ritar, A.J. 335 Rittenhouse, L.R. 104, 159, 171, 196, 410 Roberts, A.M. 233 Robertson, A. 75 Rodriguez Inglesias, R.M. 204 Rodriguez, B.T. "204 Rodway, R.G. 297 Roessen, P.L. 226 Rohrssen, Folke 199 Rook, A.J 382 Rook, A.J. 282, 396 Rosales, L. 191 Rosciszewska, Z.E. 215 Rosenberg, M. 316 Ross, G.S. 357" Round, M.H. 115 Rowe, J.B. 103 Rowell, T.E. 402 Rubianes, E. 180 Ruckebusch, Y. 253 Ruckenbusch, Y. 201 Rushen, J. 13, 85, 407 Rushen, J.P. 43 Russel, A.J.F. 187, 272, 388 Ruyle, G.B. 160 Sabine, J.R. 338 Sahlu, T. 217, 236 Sala, O.E. 79 Salah, A. 411 San Martin, F. 191 Savoie, P. 50 Scharrer, E. 251 Schein, M.W. 2 Schneider, J. 259 Searle, T.W. 31 Senaud, J. 144 Senn, M. 251 Sevilla, C.C. 63, 128 Sheep Industry Development Program 362 Sherwin, C.M. 221, 294, 412 Shillito Walser, E. 279 Shillito Walser, E.E. 416 Shillito, E. 292, 413 Shillito, E.E. 207, 247 Shimada, A. 269 Shipka, M.P. 312 Shupe, W.L. 10, 29, 109, 322 Shutt, D.A. 25 Sibly, R.M. 18, 120 Signoret, J.P. 81, 134, 220, 237 Silva, R.G. da 78 Silvertown, J. 181 Sim, D.A. 90 Simmonds, A. 71 Singh, M. 59 Sisson, D.V. 191 Skrivan, M. 331 Slana, O. 331 Slee, J. 76 Smith, B. 181 Smith, D.L.O. 4 Smith, H.K. 38 Smith, J.N. 10, 29, 62, 232, 322 Smith, V.M. 381 Smith, W.L. 30 Soeparno 386, 387 Solaiman, S.G. 52 Souza, R.C. de 78 Sparrow, A.D. 298 Speed, P. 297 Speijers, E.J. 157 Springbett, A. 76 Srivastava, R.S. 105 Stakan, G.A. 55 Stanton, J.H. 11 Stephenson, R.G.A. 325 Stevens, D. 70, 77, 173, 174, 175, 176, 209, 229, 244, 245, 246, 276, 340, 420 Stevesn, D. 242 Stobart, R.H. 301 Stolba, A. 367 Stolc, L. 331 Stookey, J.M. 15, 114, 243 Strack, R. 136 Studman, C.J. 149 Suckling, D.E. 38 Sudana, I.B. 138 Suiter, R.J. 195 Sumberg, J.E. 354, 355 Swain, N. 59 Swanson, J.C. 353 Swanson, L.V. 309 Sykorova, A. 331 Tanida, H. 309 Taylor, C.A. Jr ª29 Taylor, Robert E. 295 Teleni, E. 274 Temple, W. 278 Tennessen, T. 97 Terhune, M. 302, 303 Ternouth, J.H. 63, 128 Terpstra, J.W. 192 Theriez, M. 154 Thibier, M. 200 Thibodeau, J.S. 379 Thiery, J.C. 81 Thomas, C.L. 409 Thomas, R. 80 Thompson, B.K. 206, 291, 307 Thorburn, G.D. 43, 85 Thorhallsdottir, A.G. 170 Thornberry, K.J. 5 Thurmon, J.C. 141 Thwaites, C.J. 390 Tierney, L.A. 249 Tilbrook, A.J. 66, 99, 216, 219, 280, 288 Tobago, House of Assembly, Division of Agriculture, European Development Fund, Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Trinidad and Tobago Unit 359 Tolkamp, B.J. 95 Tomlinson, K.A. 323 Topp, J.S. 280 Torell, D.T. 323 Torvell, L. 38 Touibi, M. 171 Townend, Christine Elizabeth 299 Treacher, T.T. 88 Umberger, S.H. 41 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry 326 Urness, P.J. 65 Van Houtert, V. 184 Venier, G. 60 Vince, M.A. 222, 264, 265, 398, 399 Vines, G. 148 Vipond, J.E. 106 Vriends, Matthew M., 263 Wall, G.L. 169, 423 Wallace, M.H. 357 Wallach, S.J.R. 135, 177, 344, 345, 347, 368 Walton, J.S.Œ 9 Wang, P.Q. 405 Warnock, W.D. 100 Warren, J.T. 393 Wathes, D.C. 300 Watson, M.J. 80 Wauthy, J.M. 50 Webb, K.E. Jr 41 Westhuyzen, B. van der 384 White, A. 273 White, D.H. 145 White, I.R. 388 Whittington, P.E. 46, 47 Widowski, T.M. 141 Wikeem, B.M. 193 Wilcock, K.R. 332 Wilkening, R.B. 370 Williams, A.H. 233 Williams, C.S. 52 Williams, C.S.F. 330 Williams, H.L. 350 Williams, T. 279 Wilson, A.D. 192 Wilson, L.L. 125, 372, 374 Wilson, R.T. 182 Winfield, C.G. 389 Witcombe, G.F. 233 Wodzicka-Tomaszewska, M. 230, 231 Wolynetz, M.S. 318 Wood, V.A. 84 Wood-Gush, D.G.M. 218, 225, 270 Wotton, S.B. 46 Wysel, D.A. 145 Yeomans, M. 292, 413 Younis, A.A. 124 Zenchak, J.J. 2, 344, 347 Zito, C.A. 125, 372 Subject Index Abattoirs 404 Abnormal behavior 143, 270 Acceptability 174, 175, 230, 336  Acclimatization 107 Acetylcholine 131 Activity 1, 22, 218, 393 Adaptability 64, 360, 384 Adaptation 186 Adipocytes 194 Adoption 177, 408 Adrenal cortex hormones 84 Adrenals 211, 365 Africa south of sahara 281 Age 42, 51, 77, 97, 110, 271, 301, 338, 368 Age differences 30, 147, 220, 339, 345, 367 Age groups 257 Age structure 257 Aggregation 109 Aggressive behavior 17, 125, 143, 220, 367 Agonistic behavior 2, 294 Agricultural development 182 Agricultural engineering 212 Agricultural financial policy 162 Agricultural households 281 Agricultural sector 162 Agricultural trade 364 Agrostis 321 Air temperature 78 Alabama 52 Alaria 44 Alberta 271 Albizia lebbek 274 Alfalfa hay 39 Alfalfa meal 41 Alpaca 191 Alpha-aminobutyric acid 148 Amblyomma Americanum 320 Amino acids 266 Amniotic fluid 20, 180, 203, 209 Analysis of covariance 364 Analysis of variance 5 Androgens 335 Anestrusñ 56, 82, 93, 344, 363, 368 Angora 119 Angora goat 6 Animal behavior 1, 13, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 30, 54, 55, 61, 76, 96, 113, 114, 117, 136, 141, 148, 161, 168, 170, 176, 180, 186, 206, 210, 221, 222, 223, 232, 243, 247, 258, 270, 271, 278, 279, 287, 291, 301, 313, 314, 322, 327, 340, 348, 350, 365, 367, 375, 395, 396, 398, 399, 401, 412, 416, 418 Animal breeding 8, 33, 224, 241, 257, 350, 357 Animal diseases 224 Animal experiments 278ª Animal feeding 8, 224 Animal fertility 248 Animal fibers 272 Animal health 9, 151, 187 Animal housing 184, 187, 198, 224, 226, 241, 324, 400 Animal husbandry 5, 8, 79, 124, 144, 196, 257, 334, 377, 379, 383 Animal industry 7 Animal nutrition 92, 123, 144, 179, 273, 386, 387 Animal physiology 26, 289, 337 Animal production 134, 182 Animal research 184, 357 Animal welfare 7 Animal Welfare 23 Animal welfare 34, 46, 47, 68, 101, 120, 150, 151, 198, 299, 299, 310, 351, 362, 377, 383, 407 Animals, Treatment of 150 Antagonists 71, 205 Antifeedants 48 Areas 422 Artificial lighting 108 Artificial rearing 154 Assays 235 Assembly 156 Astrebla 274 Atriplex 298 Attachment behavior 10, 30, 35, 62, 261, 379, 402 Australia 11, 58, 58, 58, 58, 115, 142, 150, 150, 150, 156, 192, 212, 214, 230, 286, 299, 299, 332, 349, 349, 349, 349, 351, 358 Australian merino 5, 26, 28, 70, 99, 115, 136, 139, 157, 227, 233, 242, 244, 246, 256, 274, 325, 366, 403, 412 Availability 137 Avoidance conditioning 314, 369, 407 Barki 124 Barley 165, 167, 213, 214 Barley pellets 115 Barley straw 128 Barns 284, 394, 415 Barriers 4 Beef cattle 10, 122, 162, 385 Behavior 2, 3, 14, 15, 28, 84, 130, 229, 292, 302, 303, 323, 374, 389, 413, 420 Behavior change 282 Behavior patterns 211, 265, 282, 393 Behavior problems 304 Behavior, Animal 23 Beta-adrenergic agonists 297 Bibliographies 198, 278, 353 Biological control 65 Birth 36, 271, 374, 422 Birth weight 76, 83, 94, 106, 108, 139, 227, 233, 325, 395, 403 Bitches 342 Biting rate 319 Biting rates 91 Blastocyst 200 Blood 107 Blood composition 121 Blood flow 370 Blood lipids 89 Blood plasma 26, 34, 85, 101, 122, 146, 235, 297, 312, 371, 383 Blood sampling 330 Blood serum 140 Blood sugar 89, 146 Blood volume 89 Bluefaced leicester 108 Boars 238 Body condition 90 Body fat 140 Body measurements 31, 405 Body temperature 76, 83, 89, 121, 227, 324, 414 Body temperature regulation 28 Body weight 17, 95, 147 Bogs 38 Bonds 29, 322 Bone strength 140 Border leicester 244, 268, 366, 403 Botanical composition 38, 152, 193, 285, 336 Bovine serum albumin 200 Brain 47 Brazil 64 Breed differences 82, 90, 100, 111, 124, 311, 380 Breeding 267 Breeding efficiency 306 Breeding programs 360, 380 Breeding season 32 Breeding value 17, 306 Breeds 133, 380 British Columbia 193 Bromocriptine 71 Bromus 39 Bromus inermis 217, 236 Browse plants 269 Browsing 152, 189, 255, 336 Bruises 375 Bucks 220, 335 Buildings 424 Bulls 238 Cabt 100, 267, 412, 419 Cactaceae 269 Caesarean section 245 Calcium 63, 140 Calluna vulgaris 38 Calorimetry 400 Calves 400 Camels 281 Canada 7, 7, 7, 305 Cannulation 417 Capital 162, 305 Carcass composition 41, 122, 283, 324, 386, 387 Carcass disposal 409 Carcass quality 375 Carcass weight 100, 164 Carcass yield 100 Carcasses 375 Case studies 232 Cashmere 112, 338 Castration 330 Cat 342 Cattle 29, 38, 57, 67, 79, 96, 143, 179, 188, 190, 232, 262, 278, 308, 319, 320, 321, 322, 332, 341, 351, 378 Cattle farming 162 Cattle housing 239, 240 Cattle husbandry 239, 240 Cereals 129 Cerebral cortex 46 Cervix 208, 363, 408 Cervus elaphus 321 Chemical composition 152 Cheviot 268 Chutes 57, 96, 378 Ciliophora 144 Circadian rhythm 414 Cirsium vulgare 181 Climate 186 Climatic factors 76, 137 Clofibrate 122 Clun forest 130 Clustering 225, 401 Cocks 238 Cold 239, 286 Cold resistance 284 Cold stress 266 Cold zones 239 Coleogyne ramosissima 48 Color 247 Colorado 96, 313 Common lands 232 Communication between animals 223 Community ecology 193 Comparisons 281 Competition 321 Computer simulation 181 Concentrates 8, 121, 154, 164, 251 Conditioning 103, 213, 278 Conflict 413 Congresses 188, 188, 188, 188, 359 Consciousness 46 Cooling 324 Copper 52 Copulation 53, 135, 300 Correlation 251, 271 Corriedale 31, 63, 128, 204, 246 Corticotropin 371 Cortisol 43, 85, 258 Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis 394 Cost analysis 145 Cottonseed oilmeal 138, 214, 325 Cows 20, 243, 342 Creep feeding 51, 154 Cropping systems 355 Cross breeding 309 Crossbreds 33, 94, 108, 111, 137, 268, 366, 403 Crossbreeding 124 Crosses 244 Cubicles 15 Culling 110 Cynodon nlemfuensis 184 Dactylis glomerata 91 Dairy cows 8, 50 Dairy herds 343 Dams (mothers) 22, 265, 279, 399 Dark 251 Deciduous seasonal forests 64 Decision making 384 Defects 385 Defoliation 65 Dehorning 330 Demand 404 Dentition 147 Deregulation 162 Design 4, 11, 142, 206, 226, 291, 307, 351, 424 Detection 277 Detoxicants 93 Dexamethasone 228 Diameter 338 Dictionaries 61 Diet 41, 100 Diet studies 63, 64, 112, 128, 129, 138, 163, 164, 165, 195, 283 Diet treatments 234 Dietary minerals 140 Diets 8, 156, 360, 386, 387, 393 Differentiation 210 Digesta 266 Digestibility 39, 121, 138, 184, 274, 283, 317, 386, 411 Digestibility trials 63, 128, 167, 190 Digestion 214, 386, 387 Digestive tract transit time 411 Dimensions 4, 31 Dipping 351 Dips 297 Directories 68, 68 Discrimination 416 Disease control 350 Disease prevention 200, 286 Disease transmission 394 Diseases 333 Distance travelled 59, 137 Distribution 3 Diurnal activity 102 Diurnal variation 56, 251, 414 Docility 366 Docking 330 Dogs 278, 322 Domestic animals 241 Dominance 125, 238 Dopamine 71 Dorset horn 31 Dosage effects 297 Drinking 71 Drinking behavior 71, 136, 337 Drinking water 139 Drought 129, 234, 281 Drug therapy 330 Dry conditions 64, 172 Dry feeding 195 Dry feeds 230 Dry matter 63, 128, 138 Dry season 152, 179, 336 Dryopteris 393 Duodenum 266 Duration 56, 95, 116 Dynamic programming 257 Eagles 409 Early weaning 234 Eating 189, 397 Economic analysis 226 Economic policy ª162 Economics 224 Egypt 32, 89, 124, 257 Ejaculation 135, 237, 252, 345 Electrical treatment 43, 141 Electrodes 46 Electron microscopy 158 Electronics 155 Embryo culture 200 Embryo mortality 200 Embryo transfer 200 Embryology 233 Endorphins 43, 85 Energy expenditure 189 Energy intake 112 England 33, 88, 108, 268, 352, 361, 373, 419 Environment 239, 350 Environmental factors 5, 70, 82, 98, 225, 281, 342 Environmental protection 361 Environmental temperature 83, 121, 240, 266, 284 Enzymes 122 Epidermis 256 Epinephrine 101 Equipment 155 Eriophorum vaginatum 38 Estimation 382 Estradiol 122, 328, 329, 363 Estrogens 208, 242, 312 Estrone 328 Estrous behavior 60, 98 Estrous cycle 98, 107, 135, 216, 300 Estrus 32, 54, 56, 66, 82, 93, 98, 99, 133, 204, 216, 241, 277, 280, 288, 300, 329, 341, 344, 368 Evaluation criteria 385 Ewe lactation 147, 301 Ewe milk 296 Ewes 10, 15, 20, 24, 26, 35, 54, 56, 60, 66, 69, 70, 74, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 88, 90, 93, 98, 99, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 116, 127, 129, 131, 133, 137, 141, 147, 148, 154, 168, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 180, 197, 202, 203, 204, 208, 209, 215, 216, 218, 219, 222, 227, 228, 229, 233, 234, 235, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 253, 261, 264, 268, 271, 276, 280, 282, 288, 292, 293, 296, 300, 301, 312, 315, 316, 318, 323, 325, 327, 329, 339, 340, 342, 344, 346, 348, 363, 366, 367, 368, 370, 374, 376, 379, 388, 389, 391, 395, 396, 402, 403, 408, 413, 416, 420, 421, 422 Exostoses 259 Exports 103, 150, 156, 377 Extensive livestock farming 189 Exudates 394 Faba beans 317 Facilities 73, 351, 357 Families 354 Family farming 355 Family structure 367 Farm buildings 58, 380, 404, 425 Farm income 162 Farm indebtedness 162 Farm management 384 Farm surveys 169, 183 Farmers' attitudes 182 Farming systems 354, 384 Farmyard manure 308 Fasting 122, 156 Fat metabolism 122 Fat percentage 100, 194 Fattening 163, 164 Fattening performance 123 Fatty acids 194, 297 Fearfulness 87, 371 Feces 394 Feces composition 193 Fecundity 94 Feed composition tables 163, 165, 166, 214 Feed conversion efficiency 41, 101, 140, 387 Feed grains 195, 397 Feed intake 39, 41, 50, 51, 62, 63, 65, 83, 88, 95, 101, 103, 104, 106, 115, 121, 128, 138, 140, 157, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 171, 184, 189, 190, 214, 217, 251, 274, 282, 283, 284, 319, 324, 373, 411 Feed preferences 38, 42, 189, 192, 236, 255 Feed rations 357 Feed supplements 63, 69, 138, 165, 166, 167, 214, 274 Feeding 241, 374 Feeding behavior 9, 17, 39, 44, 45, 48, 51, 69, 78, 95, 103, 126, 132, 153, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 170, 196, 201, 230, 231, 251, 253, 255, 282, 298, 309, 313, 320, 321, 390, 391, 392, 395, 396, 397, 398, 409, 411, 414 Feeding frequency 56, 86, 119, 230, 348 Feeding habits 65, 179, 191, 294 Feeding preferences 62, 97, 119, 152, 193, 268, 269, 278, 336, 369 Feedlots 26, 115, 157, 195 Feeds 119, 334 Feet 330 Female animals 21, 342 Female fertility 318 Female genitalia 180 Females 44, 314 Fences 149, 275, 353 Fencing 262, 352, 361, 380 Fertility 99, 133 Festuca 321 Fetal development disorders 370 Fetal fluids 408 Fetal growth 370 Fetus 287, 302, 303 Finance 162 Finnish landrace 110, 124, 318 Fleece weight 5 Fleecing 43, 106, 286 Flocks 3, 104, 168, 169, 257, 294, 413 Floor type 401 Floors 57, 259 Flushing 90 Follicles 256 Food consumption 281 Food intake 122, 201 Food preferences 170 Forage 8, 119, 121, 137, 160, 172, 193, 196, 266, 285 Foraging 42 Force feeding 117 Forces 149 Foreign trade regulation 7 Form factors 207 Formaldehyde 165 Formic acid 163, 165 Fostering 242, 363 Free range husbandry 62, 179, 322, 410 Frozen storage 200 Fructose 370 Fsh 107 Galway 163, 165, 166, 167 Game management 313 Gamma-aminobutyric acid 36 Genetic parameters 405 Geographical distribution 44 Germination 181 Gestation period 403 Glucose 297, 370 Goat breeds 45, 186, 284 Goat feeding 52, 121, 183, 184, 187, 272 Goat housing 353 Goat keeping 45, 183, 184, 187, 226, 272, 281, 355 Goat meat 52 Goats 14, 20, 21, 22, 29, 37, 37, 39, 42, 48, 52, 59, 64, 65, 68, 95, 112, 117, 119, 121, 126, 152, 182, 183, 185, 186, 187, 189, 198, 210, 211, 220, 224, 237, 241, 251, 254, 255, 263, 267, 269, 272, 275, 277, 278, 283, 285, 314, 321, 330, 335, 336, 338, 341, 354, 364, 365, 381, 394, 405, 415, 417, 424 Gonadotropin releasing hormone 316 Government 162 Grain 103, 234 Grape marc 411 Grasses 50, 166, 167, 193, 269, 325 Grasslands 193 Grazing 123, 130, 147, 168, 179, 188, 195, 224, 236, 255, 259, 269, 298, 382, 391, 396, 410 Grazing behavior 3, 38, 59, 64, 88, 97, 102, 104, 118, 136, 137, 152, 154, 171, 172, 179, 189, 190, 191, 192, 196, 217, 285, 308, 319, 373, 382, 393, 410 Grazing effects 79, 172, 181, 193 Grazing intensity 217 Grazing time 102, 137, 191 Grazing trials 393 Grooming 218 Group behavior 25, 29, 220, 221, 376 Group effect 313 Group interaction 376 Group size 118, 168 Groups 237, 369 Growth 88, 112, 114, 139, 194, 195, 331 Growth analysis 92, 129 Growth factors 256 Growth promoters 297 Growth rate 9, 75, 154, 234, 284, 317 Guadeloupe 45 Guard dogs 304 Habitat selection 393 Habitats 159, 171, 321, 410 Haemonchus contortus 26 Hair 112 Hair follicles 338 Hampshire down 82 Handbooks, manuals, etc 356 Handling 87, 96, 113, 120, 169, 212, 330, 332, 349, 351, 371, 423 Harvesting 256 Hay 8, 91, 115, 129, 157, 251, 274 Head 47, 310 Hearing 231, 327, 339 Heart 310 Heart rate 18, 34, 87, 89, 120, 314, 324 Heat 240 Heat adaptation 227 Heat loss 400 Heat stress 78, 121, 227, 286, 360, 370 Heat transfer 400 Heifers 10, 30, 62 Hematocrit 34, 146, 194, 371, 383 Hematology 26 Hemoglobin 89 Hens 278 Herbage 88, 147, 190 Herd structure 5, 110, 182, 183, 281 Herds 196 Heritability 405 Hill grasslands 190 Hill land 361 Histology 259, 338 History 352 Homosexuals 235 Hormonal control 60 Hormone receptors 71 Hormone secretion 25, 71, 93, 107, 235, 258, 297, 300, 329, 335 Hormones 121, 143, 342 Horses 278, 321 Host parasite relationships 320 Household income 281 Households 354 Housing 58, 333 Humid climate 360 Humid tropics 226 Humid zones 354, 360 Humidity 78 Hyaluronic acid 200 Hydraulic equipment 96 Hydrocortisone 26, 34, 101, 107, 146, 371, 383 Hydrotaea irritans 132 Hyperphagia 201 Hypothalamic lesions 254 Hypothermia 76, 286 Identification 174, 175, 202, 330, 339 Igg 194 Immobilization 43, 85, 141 Immune serum 194 Immunity 26 Immunization 328 Implantation 328 Imported breeds 224 Impotence 347 In vitro 200 Incidence 293 Indonesia 183 Induction 363 Influences 216 Information sources 304 Ingestion 78, 196 Inheritance 55 Inhibition 71, 210 Injuries 139 Insulation 284, 401 Insulin 297 Intensive farming 273 Intensive husbandry 226 Intensive livestock farming 226, 355 Intensive production 124 Interactions 136 Intervention 162 Introduction 224 Investment 305 Ireland 123, 164, 165, 167 Irrigated pastures 412 Islands 337 Isolation 120, 146, 258, 289 Israel 172 Japan 168 Java 424 Kenya 98, 179, 182, 267, 285 Kid feeding 317 Kidneys 337 Kids 1, 14, 21, 22, 30, 45, 284, 317, 338 Labor productivity 296 Lactates 297 Lactation 93, 95, 363 Lactation stage 123 Lamb (Meat) 326 Lamb fattening 41, 317, 418 Lamb feeding 154 Lamb meat industry 326 Lamb production 19, 73, 110, 111, 114, 124, 305, 315 Lambing 20, 24, 70, 74, 77, 94, 129, 131, 197, 228, 293, 315, 422 Lambing interval 110, 111, 124 Lambing rate 32, 83, 110, 111, 346 Lambing season 92 Lambs 2, 24, 30, 33, 35, 36, 41, 49, 51, 56, 62, 63, 69, 74, 75, 76, 84, 88, 94, 97, 100, 101, 106, 108, 110, 111, 113, 116, 122, 123, 125, 127, 128, 135, 138, 139, 140, 144, 147, 153, 154, 155, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 170, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 194, 205, 209, 218, 222, 227, 228, 229, 233, 234, 242, 245, 246, 247, 261, 264, 265, 271, 273, 276, 279, 286, 292, 297, 301, 309, 311, 316, 323, 324, 327, 331, 332, 339, 340, 363, 369, 372, 374, 376, 379, 386, 387, 389, 390, 391, 392, 395, 398, 399, 402, 403, 408, 416, 420 Laminaria 44 Law and legislation 7, 7 Layout 419 Learning 69, 205, 213, 407 Learning ability 13, 48, 170, 230, 231 Lh 107, 235, 277, 300, 316, 329, 335 Lhrh 235 Libido 252 Lifting 149 Light 73, 251 Light regime" 126 Lighting 57 Limbs 259 Line differences 390 Lines 157 Lipoproteins 43 Lipotropin 85 Literature reviews 40, 278, 341 Lithium 170 Litter size 94, 127, 218 Livestock 151, 188, 212, 295 Livestock farming 262 Livestock number 169, 352 Livestock numbers 109, 183, 281 Liveweight 65, 92, 94, 112, 115, 139, 157, 233, 274, 325, 364 Liveweight gain 41, 83, 101, 140, 154, 285, 324 Liveweight gains 63, 88, 123, 128, 138, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 195, 283, 387 Llamas 191 Loaders 206, 291 Loading 57, 378 Location theory 364 Locomotion 104, 293 Lolium 147 Lolium multiflorum 97 Lolium perenne 268, 282 Loose housing 45, 225 Losses 286 Lowland areas 123 Lucilia cuprina 25 Lupins 129 Lupinus 234 Lymphadenitis 394 Macaca mulatta 40 Macropus 192 Maize 41, 154 Malawi 152 Male animals 153, 238, 254, 343, 417 Male genitalia 343, 381 Males 44, 163, 165, 381 Man 87 Manpower units 169 Mares 342 Market prices 364 Marketing 332, 380 Marketing margins 364 Mastication 88 Maternal behavior 1, 16, 21, 35, 36, 40, 74, 77, 116, 131, 173, 174, 175, 177, 197, 203, 205, 207, 208, 209, 218, 222, 228, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 260, 264, 276, 311, 312, 363, 408, 413, 420, 421 Maternal effects 130, 229, 399 Maternal nutrition 197 Maternal recognition 116 Mathematical models 364 Mating 2, 248 Mating ability 346 Mating behavior 32, 53, 82, 130, 215, 219, 248, 249, 250, 252, 288, 300, 306 Mating date 215 Mating performance 238 Mating preference 219, 238, 368 Mating systems 161 Maturation 338 Meal patterns 251 Measurement 414 Meat production 272, 350 Meat type 65 Mechanical handling 141 Mechanical stimulation 180 Medroxyprogesterone 363 Memory 213 Mental stress 258 Merino de l'est 35, 221, 230, 231 Merino sheep 299 Metabolism 128, 186, 325, 348 Metabolites 297, 328 Metabolizable energy 386 Metacarpus 140 Methodology 16 Mexico 336 Mice 200, 256 Milk ejection 210 Milk production 17, 50, 55, 147, 187, 210, 285, 350 Milk yield 17, 33, 129, 139, 405 Milkers 296 Milking interval 285 Milking parlors 4, 296 Mimicry 2 Minerals 128 Mirrors 258 Mists 324 Mixed grazing 62, 232, 308 Models 40, 181, 257, 267, 281, 354, 355 Molasses 138, 166, 325 Monitoring 232 Monoculture 282 Montana 73 Moorland 38 Morocco 104, 196, 410 Morphology 186, 259 Mortality 21, 24, 70, 74, 77, 229 Morula 200 Mountain areas 191, 255, 313 Movement 265, 294 Movementsı 213, 260, 287, 302, 303 Mule's operation 25 Multiple births 77, 127, 228, 391 Multivariate analysis 336 National parks 361 Neonatal development 243 Neonates 243 Neuroleptics 323 New South Wales 5, 19, 31, 70, 94, 174, 175, 244, 248, 256, 315, 327, 340, 386, 387 New Zealand 162, 169, 262, 278, 377, 423 Newborn animals 22, 76, 127, 209, 265, 330, 339 Nigeria 184, 226, 354, 355, 364, 424 Nitrogen metabolism 266 Norepinephrine 101, 131, 205 Norway 83, 255, 284, 393 Nose 417 Nursing 271 Nutrient deficiencies 63 Nutrient intake 196 Nutrient requirements 121 Nutrition‹ 112, 139 Nutrition physiology 63 Nutritional requirements 42 Nutritional state 325 Nutritional value 217, 236 Nutritive ratio 387 Nutritive value 119, 274, 411 Oats 195, 214 Odocoileus Virginianus 119 Odors 173, 174, 175, 177, 207, 209, 276 Oils 174, 175, 246 Oklahoma 380 Olfaction 222, 231 Olfactory organs 131, 205 Olfactory stimulation 36 Ontario 9, 50 Open spaces 225 Operation 11 Oregon 304, 309, 409 Oryx 179 Ossimi 32, 89 Outturn 124 Ovariectomized females 208, 280, 329 Overgrazing 361 Ovis aries 207 Ovis canadensis 53, 193, 271 Ovulation 82, 99, 133, 135, 204, 233 Ovulation rate 90 Ownership 354 Oxygen consumption 370 Oxytocin 300 Pacific Islands 224 Pacific northwest states of U.S.A. 100 Paddocks 70, 232, 244 Palatability 152, 298 Panicum maximum 184 Paraffins 246 Parasites 380 Parasitism 271 Parathyrin 140 Parous rates 131, 218 Parturition 14, 15, 19, 243, 301 Parturition complications 77 Passive immunity 194 Pastoralism 281 Pasture management 123, 145 Pastures 88, 92, 123, 147, 172, 195, 373, 380 Peanut husks 41 Peer relationships 260 Pelleted feeds 9, 39, 41, 103, 115, 266 Pellets 157 Pelvis 315 Penetration 149 Pennsylvania 372 Pens 15, 57, 107, 153, 250, 270, 316 People 314 Perception 278 Performance 142, 172, 283, 317 Performance testing 9, 345 Perinatal mortality 286 Peru 191 Pest control 350 Phalaris aquatica 386 Phosphorus 63, 128, 140 Photoperiod 108, 335 Physical environment 59 Physiological functions 117 Physiology 186 Picea abies 393 Pig housing 8, 212, 239, 240, 291, 307, 400 Pigs 8, 57, 67, 143, 206, 278, 289, 291, 385 Pituitary 211, 365 Placenta 370 Plane of nutrition 80, 90 Plant communities 159, 171, 190, 193, 410 Plant density 373 Plant ecology 193 Plant height 88, 373 Plant morphology 319 Plant succession 193 Plasma 316 Plasma membranes 194 Plastic tunnels 419 Pleven blackhead 17 Pmsg 93 Poisonous plants 170 Population density 75 Population dynamics 181, 182 Position 146 Postpartum interval 161, 323 Postpartum period 116, 312 Posture 136, 302, 303 Postweaning interval 347 Poultry manure 52 Predation 409 Predators 29, 322, 380 Pregnancy 80, 94, 95, 108, 197, 227, 233, 312, 370, 388, 395, 403 Prenatal period 306 Preovulatory period 329 Prepartum period 293, 312 Prepubertal period 316 Preweaning period 45, 97 Prices 145 Production costs 41, 111, 124, 305 Production structure 124, 145 Productive life 110 Productivity 112, 226, 234 Profitability 384 Profits 404 Progeny 421 Progeny testing 233 Progesterone 82, 93, 107, 208, 300, 312, 329 Prolactin 71, 85, 108, 258 Protection 29, 322 Protein intake 21, 22 Protein supplements 21, 22, 112, 138, 325 Proteins 128 Protostrongylus 271 Psoroptes 158 Puberty 237 Public opinion 377 Pyloroplasty 201 Quantitative techniques 329 Quebec 50 Queensland 63, 139, 227, 274, 325 Quercus gambelii 65 Rabbits 158 Racks 334 Radiography 302, 303 Rahmani 32 Rain 132 Rambouillet 110 Rams 2, 9, 54, 66, 81, 82, 98, 105, 133, 134, 135, 155, 202, 204, 216, 219, 235, 237, 238, 249, 250, 252, 288, 306, 331, 344, 345, 346, 347, 368 Ranching 182 Range management 73, 79 Rangelands 42, 255, 269, 393 Ratios 162 Rats 40 Rearing techniques 84, 125, 173, 176, 237, 331 Receptors 205 Recognition 35, 76, 173, 207, 243, 276, 327 Recording 18 Recording devices 155 Reflexes 310 Regression analysis 364 Relationships 24, 248, 279, 315, 391 Repeatability 110, 315 Reproduction 23, 350 Reproductive behavior 21, 70, 134, 215, 293 Reproductive performance 90, 106, 134, 183, 227, 248, 318, 344 Reproductive traits 55 Research 68, 68, 212 Research institutes 357 Resistance 320 Resource allocation 145 Respiration 370 Respiration rate 28, 89, 324 Responses 46, 47, 247, 278, 292, 310, 323, 389 Responses to environment 84 Rest 130, 374 Restraint 330 Restraint of animals 43, 85, 96, 141, 344, 420 Restricted feeding 153, 403 Return interval 56 Returns 124 Rewards 213 Rotational grazing 88 Roughage 283 Rumen 9, 253 Rumen contents 253 Rumen microorganisms 144 Rumen motility 253 Rumen protozoa 144 Rumination 95, 117, 121, 126, 136, 154, 179, 189, 253, 373, 396, 411 Rural development 224, 354 S p ratio 338 Saanen 4 Sales 332 Satiety 71 Scotland 75, 132, 190, 225, 321 Scottish blackface 260 Scottish highlands and Islands 44 Scrotum 249 Sea water 337 Seasonal behavior 133, 225 Seasonal fluctuations 260 Seasonal variation 18, 44, 93, 98, 102, 269, 335, 336 Seasonality 335 Seaweeds 44 Seeds 181 Selection 244, 360 Selection program 421 Semen 220 Semen characters 105, 249 Semen production 105, 237 Semi-desert scrub 336 Semiarid zones 64, 172, 269, 285 Sensory disorders 222 Separation 74, 116, 127, 229, 340, 389 Sequences 293 Sex 271 Sex differences 31, 101, 367 Sex differentiation 67, 143, 341 Sex hormones 341 Sexual behavior 2, 54, 60, 66, 67, 81, 93, 105, 134, 135, 143, 202, 204, 216, 220, 235, 237, 238, 254, 277, 280, 288, 328, 329, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 368, 381, 417 Sexual maturity 134, 342, 345 Seychelles 337 Shade 28, 136, 221, 412 Shearing 11, 34, 78, 83, 99, 142, 146, 212, 371, 388, 401 Shearing sheds 58, 349, 351 Sheds 11, 142 Sheep 3, 8, 11, 16, 17, 18, 23, 25, 26, 29, 31, 32, 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, 43, 44, 46, 47, 50, 55, 57, 58, 59, 64, 67, 68, 71, 75, 79, 85, 87, 89, 92, 94, 96, 102, 103, 104, 108, 115, 118, 120, 124, 130, 133, 139, 142, 143, 145, 146, 149, 158, 159, 169, 171, 172, 174, 175, 179, 181, 182, 188, 190, 191, 192, 195, 196, 198, 200, 201, 207, 212, 213, 214, 225, 230, 231, 232, 234, 248, 257, 259, 260, 262, 267, 268, 270, 275, 278, 283, 285, 286, 287, 294, 298, 302, 303, 310, 318, 319, 320, 322, 325, 327, 330, 332, 333, 333, 334, 341, 348, 351, 354, 356, 358, 359, 362, 364, 371, 373, 375, 377, 382, 383, 384, 385, 393, 394, 397, 400, 401, 404, 407, 409, 410, 412, 414, 415, 423, 425 Sheep breeds 3, 17, 19, 33, 76, 98, 164, 279, 292, 340, 413, 418 Sheep dogs 12, 223, 304 Sheep farming 162, 169, 176, 242, 305, 352, 355, 361, 380, 404 Sheep feeding 129, 139, 155, 160, 266, 411 Sheep housing 49, 83, 89, 106, 114, 239, 240, 270, 318, 350, 353, 357, 388, 401, 404, 419, 424 Sheep industry 150, 299 Sheep management 73, 134, 240, 304, 350, 357, 360, 423 Sheep rumination 86, 91 Sheep shearers (Persons) 349 Sheep-shearing 58, 349 Shelter 28, 286, 422 Shrubs 193, 269 Sight 231, 327 Signals 223 Silage 8, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167 Silage fermentation 50 Silage making 50 Silos 50 Simulation 124 Simulation models 145 Sires 100, 111 Site factors 70 Site selection 16 Size 33, 315, 335 Skeletal development 140 Skeletons 31 Skin 338 Skin glands 330 Skin temperature 89 Skinning 175 Slatted floors 353, 418 Slaughter 375 Slaughter weight 41 Slopes 57, 206 Smell 36, 339 Social behavior 220, 254, 365, 372 Social development 372 Social dominance 220, 294 Social interaction 3, 134, 161, 219, 293, 369 Social structure 161, 366, 367 Sodium hydroxide 411 Somali 285 Somatotropin 80, 122 Sounds 309 South Africa 384 South America 79 Sows 243, 342 Soybean oilmeal 166, 317 Space requirements 101, 225 Spacing 114, 376 Spanish merino 197 Spatial distribution 22, 168, 293 Stability 203 Stairs 307 Standards 378 Statistical analysis ‚250 Statistics 169 Steps 206, 307 Stimulation 40, 135, 208, 238, 253, 363, 381, 408 Stimuli 40, 204, 278 Stochastic models 382 Stocking density 367 Stocking rate 5, 102, 153, 156 Strains 5 Straw 214 Stress 25, 26, 34, 43, 49, 85, 99, 120, 146, 198, 289, 297, 371, 383, 407 Stress conditions 234 Stress factors 297 Structural change 384 Structural design 57, 378 Structure 385 Study and teaching 349, 349 Stunning 46, 47, 310 Sucking 75, 76, 218, 222, 265, 311, 374, 391, 398, 399 Suckling 33, 56, 243, 264, 271, 301, 392, 420 Sudan 283 Suffolk 82, 124, 163, 168, 318 Summer 28, 82, 89, 393, 412 Supernumerary teats 33 Supply balance 364 Support measures 162 Surgery 25 Surgical operations 330 Surveys 11, 352 Survival 19, 94, 110, 111, 129, 139, 234, 267, 284, 301, 311, 337, 394, 395, 421 Swaledale 108 Synchronization 396 Synchronized females 346 Tallow 283 Tannins 48 Taste sensitivity 189 Teasing 81, 341 Teat number 33 Teats 392, 398, 399 Technical progress 145 Technology 73 Telemetry 232 Temperament 211 Temperate zones 269 Temperatures 50, 73, 398 Temporal variation 104 Territory 366 Testes 335 Testosterone 235, 249, 306, 328 Tests 211, 291 Texas 48, 119 Thermoregulation 221, 348, 401 Time 293, 382 Time allocation 154, 171, 423 Timing 277, 329 Toggenburg 405 Topography 70, 367 Training 397 Training (animal) 105, 213, 304 Transit time 121 Transport 212, 332 Transport of animals 57, 120, 156, 407 Trenbolone 122 Triacylglycerols 122 Trifolium repens 97, 268, 282, 386 Trifolium subterraneum 92 Triiodothyronine 89 Trinidad and Tobago 359 Triticum aestivum 384 Tropics 186 Troughs 230 Tsigai 418 Tundra 313 Twinning 218, 391 Twins 74, 88, 127, 154, 229, 279, 292, 340 Types 422 U.S.A. 240, 305, 357, 404 Udders 76, 108, 139, 222, 405 Uk 4, 70 Ultrasonic devices 212 Ultrastructure 256 Undernutrition 94, 233 Ungulates 421 United Kingdom 33, 187, 350 Unloading 378 Unrestricted feeding 115, 251, 270, 274 Upland areas 190 Urea 138 Urination 381 Urine 54, 337 Usda 357 Utah 65 Vagina 208, 277, 363 Vasectomy 249 Vasopressin 71 Ventilation 353, 415, 419 Vetch 317 Veterinary hygiene 7 Veterinary medicine 96 Victoria 99, 112, 145, 233 Vigor 21, 193 Vision 222, 339, 416 Vocalization 127 Voice 207 Volume 405 Voluntary intake 51 Wales 90, 130 Washing 420 Water intake 104, 179, 324, 337, 348 Wattles 330 Weaning 97, 243, 279 Weaning weight 83, 111, 147 Weight 31, 370 Welsh mountain 130 West african dwarf 95 Western australia 24, 28, 92, 136, 157, 195, 412 Western samoa 224 Wet season 152, 179, 336 Wethers 13, 28, 92, 115, 122, 128, 156, 157, 217, 221, 236, 256, 258, 274, 308, 324, 328 Wheat silage 230, 231 Wheat straw 138, 214 Wild goats 132, 161, 313, 337 Wind protection 422 Winter 89, 106 Women 354 Woodlands 64, 192 Wool 138, 256, 349 Wool baling 349 Wool production 5, 17, 92, 114, 129, 187, 214, 286, 331 Young animals 51, 127, 237, 291, 307 Zebu 179 Zeranol 140