SEMINAR THE DOG : MANAGEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF THE DOG TAXONOMY: KINGDOM: Animal PHYLUM: Chordata SUBPHYLUM: Vertebrata SUPERCLASS: Tetrapoda CLASS: Mammalia SUBCLASS: Theria INFRACLASS: Eutheria ORDER: Carnivora FAMILY: Canidae SUBFAMILY: Caninae GENUS: Canis SPECIES: familiaris DENTAL FORMULA: I 3/3, C1/1, P4/4, M2-3/2-3 total=40-44 DIPLOID CHROMOSOME NUMBER: 78 THE USE OF THE DOG AS A LABORATORY ANIMAL MUST ALWAYS BE CONSIDERED: - Value of the animal model - Expected opposition from various humane groups DOGS ARE WELL SUITED FOR CERTAIN STUDIES: ________ - Toxicology ³ - Pharmacology ³------ the beagle - Physiology ________³ - Surgery ------------------ the labrador, greyhound, or foxhound - Neoplasms ---------------- the boxer - Dermatology -------------- the Mexican hairless THE BEAGLE AS A LABORATORY STANDARD: - Relatively small (doesn't eat much - except for fat beagles) - Has short hair - Is amenable to kenneling - Generally good disposition ATTEMPTS AT CREATING THE IDEAL SURGICAL STANDARD: - Crossbreeding numerous breeds to achieve traits of each resulted in the......... THE GREY LABOYEDJI - Greyhound for extremely large chest cavity - Labrador for disposition and body size - Samoyed for its hardiness - Basenji to eliminate barking GENERAL GROUP OF RESEARCH ANIMALS: - Random-bred (also called mongrels) - Colony-reared RANDOM-BRED ANIMALS: Advantages: - Cheap (relatively) - Fairly easy to obtain Disadvantages: - Unknown medical history - Unknown vaccination history - Unknown age - Unknown parentage - Must be conditioned COLONY-REARED ANIMALS: Advantages: - Known medical history - Known vaccination history - Known age - Unknown parentage Disadvantages: - Cost - Long period of immaturity DEALERS IN SALES OF DOGS: - Listed in Animals for Research - Must be licensed with USDA - Must identify all dogs with a tattoo or official tag RESEARCH FACILITIES MUST: - Maintain records on all dogs purchased with the following info .... - Name and address of person selling the dog - Dealers license number - Date acquired - Description of the dog - Maintain records on all dogs transported,sold, or disposed of to include ...... - Name and address of person receiving the dog - Date of the sale/ disposition - Method of transportation - Name of the common carrier THE ANIMAL WELFARE ACT ............................ - Public laws 98-544 and 91-579 - Principle objective include: - Prevention of the theft of pets - Require humane care and use of animals in research HUSBANDRY OF FACILITY ACQUIRED ANIMALS: - All animals brought into the facility should be examined thoroughly - By either the veterinarian or competent veterinary technician - Medical records should be started immediately - Transferred information from the shipping documents to the medical records - Temperature taken by a rectal approach - Pulse rate taken - Respiration taken - Basic system examination conducted (a very cursory exam to pick by blatant problems) - The disposition of the animals should be evaluated QUARANTINE OF ACQUIRED ANIMALS: - Colony-reared animals - generally quarantined 24 - 48 hours and released if they ......... - showing no disease problems - well documented medical history - Random source animals should be conditioned - Dipped for external parasites - Groomed (bathed) - Vaccinated - Hemogram and serum chemistry - De-wormed - De-barked ????????? - Quarantined for 6 - 8 weeks ROUTINE HEALTH MAINTENANCE: - Daily inspection of the animals - Periodic examination by the veterinarian - Appropriate medical therapy as necessary - Euthanasia when deemed appropriate HUSBANDRY: ALL RUNS, PENS, CAGES ................ - Required floor spacing of a cage is determined by the size of the dog .... ************************************************************* *** Tip of the nose to the base of the tail plus 6 inches *** *** Square the total and divide by 144 to get square feet *** ************************************************************* KG FT2 M2 <15 8.0 0.74 15 - 30 12.1 1.12 - You use which ever is the greater amount of space as the minimum!!!!!!! - Required floor spacing of a run/pen is determined by THE GUIDE ........ KG FT2 M2 <15 8.0 0.74 15 - 30 12.1 1.12 >30 24.0 2.23 - No more than 12 dogs may be held in a primary inclosure - Potable water must be provided at all times - Standard and adequate ration of food provided daily - Must have a resting shelf elevated from the floor - Daily washing of the runs must be accomplished (WITHOUT WETTING THE ANIMALS!!!!) INDOOR FACILITIES ................ - Indoor the temperature must range from 65o - 75o F - Indoor the humidity should be approximately 40% - If bedding is used, must be cleaned daily and changed weekly OUTDOOR FACILITIES ............... - Outdoor runs must provide shade for the animals - Daily pickup of feces and wash down of urine - Concrete or crushed rock are common bases for the runs - Should wash down daily, change rock annually VEHICLES USED TO TRANSPORT ANIMALS: - Mechanically sound - Provide adequate fresh air for the animals without injurious drafts - Prevent ingress of exhaust fumes - Separate caging to prevent problems - Each primary enclosure sanitized before each shipment - Provide heat/air conditioning as necessary to prevent injury SUMMARY OF THE MANAGEMENT PORTION: 1) The use of dogs in biomedical research should be restricted to those situations in which they are uniquely the most appropriate animal to accomplish the research objective. 2) A proper conditioning program is of utmost importance for the random source dogs prior to their induction into the colony. 3) The dogs must receive expert, humane care at all times.